Assessment of PI-RADS v2 categories ≥ 3 for diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer

Abdominal Radiology - To assess the diagnostic accuracy of PI-RADS v2 categories ≥ 3 to detect clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) against histopathology of...     

A sporadic case of colorectal carcinoma with multiple polyps in a 16-year-old boy: An unusual presentation

Aim and Background

Colorectal carcinoma associated with multiple colonic polyps is rare in children and adolescents without any previous family history of colorectal cancer/hereditary polyposis syndrome.

Case Report

We present the case of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum detected by biopsy in a 16-year-old boy with multiple polyps treated at our institution.

Conclusion

Though uncommon, sporadic cases of multiple polyps associated with colorectal carcinoma without any positive family history must always be considered in children with history of a colorectal polyp associated with bleeding. A high degree of suspicion is necessary to detect and treat such cases, thus preventing morbidity and mortality.     

Holographic Characterization of Protein Aggregates in the Presence of Silicone Oil and Surfactants

Characterizing protein aggregates in the presence of silicone oil is a long standing challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Silicone oil is often used as a lubricant in devices that deliver and store therapeutic protein products and has been linked to protein aggregation, which can compromise a drug’s effectiveness or cause autoimmune responses in patients. Most traditional technologies cannot quantitatively distinguish protein aggregates and silicone oil in their native formulations for sizes less than 5 μm. We use holographic video microscopy to study protein aggregation to demonstrate its capability to quantitatively distinguish protein aggregates and silicone oil in the presence of varying amounts of the surfactants SDS and polysorbate 80 in the size range of 0.5-10 μm without the need for dilution or special sample preparation. We show that SDS denatures proteins and stabilizes silicone oil. We also show that polysorbate 80 may limit protein aggregate formation if it is added to an IgG solution before introducing silicone oil.     

Appraisal of Laparoscopic Liver Resection in the Treatment of Liver Metastasis with Special Reference to Outcome in Colorectal Malignancies

Treatment of metastatic liver disease is at the crossroads of an evolutionary transformation with more and more reports reiterating the benefits of resectional therapy in various cancers. A quest for application of laparoscopic approaches to the management of liver metastasis has arisen due to the projected benefits of less morbidity, early recovery, and equivalent oncological outcome in selected malignancies. However, the diverse and heterogenous data on indications, operative technique, and outcome evaluation make a comparative analysis of these studies difficult. This review is an appraisal of technique and outcome of minimally invasive liver resection as reported in the current literature with special reference to treatment of metastatic colorectal cancers.     

Surgical management of hepatic arterioportal fistula in a neonate

Congenital arterioportal fistulae in the liver are rare malformations which can lead to portal hypertension. We report a hepatic arterioportal fistula in a neonate who presented with intestinal hypoperfusion. Computerised tomography angiography showed a fistulous communication between the left hepatic artery and portal vein with hypoperfusion of small and large bowel. A formal left hepatectomy was done followed by clinical improvement and reduction in portal venous pressures. The case and the literature pertaining to it are discussed.     

Persulfate-activated charcoal mixture: an efficient oxidant for the synthesis of sulfonated benzo[d][1,3]oxazines from N-(2-vinylphenyl)amides and thiols in aqueous solution

A series of 2,4-aryl-4-((arylsulfonyl)methyl)-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazines in good to excellent yields have directly been obtained from N-(2-vinylphenyl)amides and thiols by employing a mixture of K₂S₂O₈-activated charcoal in aqueous acetonitrile solution at 50 °C. A plausible mechanism for the reaction is reported. It reveals that the reaction follows a radical pathway and the persulfate has been the oxygen source for formation of the sulfone group in the products. It is worth mentioning that this protocol utilizes an easily accessible K₂S₂O₈-activated charcoal mixture and thiols, respectively, as an oxidant and sulfonylating precursors for the first time.

A simple method for the synthesis of 2,4-aryl-4-((arylsulfonyl)methyl)-4H-benzo[d][1,3]oxazines using an easily accessible K₂S₂O₈-activated charcoal mixture and thiols, respectively, as an oxidant and sulfonylating precursors has been described.