颈深筋膜及筋膜间隙的计算机三维重建

目的 :对颈深筋膜及深筋膜间隙进行计算机三维重建以显示其立体结构。方法 :用生物塑化技术制作薄层断面标本 ,在SGI工作站上 ,采用双线提取筋膜及间隙轮廓的方法对颈深筋膜及其间隙进行了三维重建。结果 :重建出咽后间隙、颈动脉间隙和内脏间隙及颈部的大血管和重要器官。重建结构均能单独显示、任意搭配显示或总体显示 ,可在三维空间位置上绕任意轴旋转任意角度。结构 :用双线法提取筋膜及间隙轮廓 ,能重建出筋膜间隙并能同时清楚显示间隙内的结构 ,为筋膜间隙的计算机三维重建提供了一种新的方法     

Chronic psychological stress promotes lung metastatic colonization of circulating breast cancer cells by decorating a pre‐metastatic niche through activating β‐adrenergic signaling

Numerous studies have indicated that primary tumors induce the formation of a pre‐metastatic niche in distant organs by secreting tumor‐derived factors. The present study shows that pre‐exposure to chronic stress enhanced lung colonization efficiency by circulating tumor cells, suggesting that chronic stress critically influences pre‐metastatic lungs before the arrival of disseminated tumor cells. Ablation of the sympathetic nerve function by 6‐OHDA or blockage of the β‐adrenergic signaling by propranolol remarkably suppressed stress‐induced lung metastasis. Depletion of circulating monocytes or lung macrophages strongly abolished stress‐induced lung seeding by tumor cells, whereas treatment of mice with the β‐adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (ISO) during the pre‐metastatic phase promoted the infiltration of macrophages to the lung. Meanwhile, the numbers of monocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow were remarkably increased in response to ISO stimulation. These data indicate that the β‐adrenergic signaling promotes lung metastatic colonization by tumor cells through increased output of monocytes in the pre‐metastatic phase and infiltration of macrophages into the pre‐metastatic lung. Mechanistic studies revealed that ISO stimulation upregulated the expression of CCL2 in pulmonary stromal cells and CCR2 in monocytes/macrophages, leading to the recruitment and infiltration of macrophages into the pre‐metastatic lung. By inducing a response of monocytes/macrophages driven by the CCL2/CCR2 axis, stress‐related catecholamine may act as a crucial factor in regulating the pre‐metastatic niche for and lung colonization by tumor cells. Our data demonstrate that disturbance of host macro‐environmental homeostasis has an influence on future metastatic organs. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Genome‐wide association study of lncRNA polymorphisms with bone mineral density

Recent studies suggested that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were widely transcribed in the genome, but their potential roles in the genetic complexity of human disorders required further exploration. The purpose of the present study was to explore genetic polymorphisms of lncRNAs associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and its potential value. Based on the lncRNASNP database, 55,906 lncSNPs were selected to conduct a genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis among 11,140 individuals of seven independent studies for BMDs at femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine, and total hip (HIP). Promising results were replicated in Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium (GEFOS Sequencing, n = 32,965). We found two lncRNA loci that were significantly associated with BMD. MEF2C antisense RNA 1 (MEF2C‐AS1) located at 5q14.3 was significantly associated with FN‐BMD after Bonferroni correction, and the strongest association signal was detected at rs6894139 (P = 3.03 × 10^?9). LOC100506136 rs6465531 located at 7q21.3 showed significant association with HIP‐BMD (P = 7.43 × 10^?7). MEF2C‐AS1 rs6894139 was replicated in GEFOS Sequencing with P‐value of 1.43 × 10^?23. Our results illustrated the important role of polymorphisms in lncRNAs in determining variations of BMD and provided justification and evidence for subsequent functional studies.     

可吸收多糖微球的制备及生物相容性研究

采用淀粉为主要原料经乳化交联制备一种具有微孔结构的新型可降解止血材料。并根据GB/T16886医疗器械生物学评价标准规定的皮内反应试验、致敏试验、全身急性毒性试验和植入试验方法评价可吸收多糖微球的生物相容性,同时与进口微球作对比,以验证其安全性。试验结果显示无皮内反应、无致敏、无全身急性毒性、肌肉植入2周后未见固形物,无明显组织反应。可吸收多糖微球具有良好的生物相容性,符合临床使用要求。     

阿尔茨海默病中髓鞘改变及其机制的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）是一种以进行性加重的认知功能减退为主要特征的中枢神经系统退行性疾病。AD除了神经炎性斑和神经原纤维缠结外,还具有多种病理改变,其中髓鞘损伤与AD的发生关系密切。髓鞘损伤可能是AD早期生物标志之一,研究髓鞘损伤可能为AD的早期诊治提供新靶点。     

Phylogenetic analysis of human G9P[8] rotavirus strains circulating in Jiangsu,China between 2010 and 2016

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in children under 5 years of age worldwide. G9P[8] is a common RVA genotype that has been persistently prevalent in Jiangsu, China. To determine the genetic diversity of G9P[8] RVAs, 7 representative G9P[8] strains collected from Suzhou Children’s Hospital between 2010 and 2016 (named JS2010‐JS2016) were analyzed through whole‐genome sequencing. All evaluated strains showed the Wa‐like constellation G9‐P[8]‐I1‐R1‐C1‐M1‐A1‐N1‐T1‐E1‐H1. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the VP7 genes of all strains clustered into lineage G9‐III and G9‐VI. With the exception of strain JS2012 (P[8]‐4), the VP4 sequences of all strains belonged to the P[8]‐3 lineage. Sequencing further revealed that amino acid substitutions were present in the antigenic regions of the VP7 and VP4 genes of all strains. Moreover, there were multiple substitutions in antigenic sites I and II of the nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) genes, whereas the other NSP genes were relatively conserved. In conclusion, our phylogenetic analysis of these 7 G9P[8] strains suggests that RVA varied across regions and time. Therefore, our findings suggest that continued surveillance is necessary to explore the molecular evolutionary characteristics of RVA for better prevention and treatment of acute viral gastroenteritis.     

成人正常胸、腰椎体双源双能CT虚拟去钙骨髓成像量化标准值研究

目的 探讨成人正常胸、腰椎体双源双能CT虚拟去钙(VNCa)骨髓成像的量化标准值。方法 对2016年8—11月山东大学齐鲁医院200名正常体检者进行前瞻性胸、腰椎双源双能量CT扫描,按年龄、性别分为<45岁的男性和女性组以及≥45岁的男性和女性组,4组各50人。在虚拟去钙技术下,测量获得T₃~L₅各椎体的骨髓CT值,再根据测得的各椎体的骨髓CT值的相近程度分成T₃~T₅、T₆~T₉、T₁₀~L₁、L₂~L₅ 4部分并取均值,采用独立样本t检验探讨上述测量参数在不同年龄分组及性别分组之间的差异。结果 ＜45岁组胸、腰椎的骨髓CT值分别为(-29.00±10.62)HU、(-35.81±12.36)HU,均高于≥45岁组的(-41.67±17.16)HU、(-44.81±14.35)HU,差异均有统计学意义(t=-6.326、-4.746,P值均<0.01)。<45岁女性组胸、腰椎的骨髓CT值分别为(-27.76±9.55)HU、(-37.56±9.05)HU,均分别高于≥45岁女性组的(-37.80±15.97)HU、(-45.45±14.04)HU,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.818、3.339,P值均＜0.01);<45岁男性组胸、腰椎的骨髓CT值分别为(-30.73±12.16)HU、(-33.91±14.64)HU,均分别高于≥45岁男性组的(-46.07±17.42)HU、(-44.68±14.84)HU,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.105、3.653,P值均＜0.05);<45岁组的男、女性的胸椎骨髓CT值比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),但≥45岁组的男、女性的胸椎骨髓CT值比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.474,P＜0.05);<45岁组和≥45岁组的男、女性间腰椎的骨髓CT值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。观察对象胸、腰椎体的骨髓CT值均与年龄呈负相关(r=-0.463、-0.402,P值均＜0.01)。对于T₃~T₅、T₆~T₉、T₁₀~L₁、L₂~L₅ 4段椎体平均骨髓CT值而言,<45岁组的各段骨髓CT值均高于≥45岁组的骨髓CT值(P值均＜0.01);不同性别间比较,仅≥45岁组的T₆~T₉、T₁₀~L₁椎体节段骨髓CT值比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.177、-2.326,P值均＜0.05)。本组检测者CT辐射剂量容积CT剂量指数和剂量长度乘积分别为4.53～18.79(8.73±2.98)mGy和117.34～1678.42(421.53±230.85)mGy·cm,有效辐射剂量为(6.35±3.43) mSv。结论 正常人胸、腰椎双源双能VNCa骨髓成像的量化CT值较为稳定,可为椎体疾病的诊断提供客观的量化标准值,且其辐射剂量值并未增加甚至降低。     

基于BP神经网络的手势动作表面肌电信号的模式识别

手势语言在日常生活中有着广泛的应用,本研究利用手势动作时从前臂4块肌肉上获取的4路表面肌电(SEMG)信号,经特征提取并采用BP神经网络,对8种手势动作模式进行了识别.鉴于BP网络具有较强的模式分类能力,而特征提取(幅度绝对值均值、AR模型系数、过零率)又利用了多路肌电信号的信息,实验结果取得了较高的识别正确率,表明所采用的方法是有效的.