适形切除保肛术与经括约肌间切除术治疗低位直肠癌的临床疗效

目的探讨适形切除保肛术(CSPO)与经括约肌间切除术(ISR)治疗低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2011年8月至2020年4月2家医学中心收治的183例(海军军医大学附属长海医院117例、复旦大学附属华山医院66例)低位直肠癌病人的临床病理资料;男110例,女73例;年龄为(57±11)岁。183例病人中,117例行CSPO设为CSPO组,66例行ISR设为ISR组。观察指标:(1)两组低位直肠癌病人手术情况。(2)两组低位直肠癌病人术后并发症情况。(3)随访情况。(4)影响低位直肠癌病人预后因素分析。(5)影响低位直肠癌病人肛门满意度因素分析。采用门诊、问卷和电话方式进行随访,了解病人肿瘤局部复发及远处转移、病人生存、造口还纳、肛门满意度评分情况。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验;偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示,组间比较采用χ²检验。等级资料比较采用秩和检验。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线,采用寿命表法计算生存率,采用Log-rank检验进行生存情况分析。单因素分析采用线性回归,将单因素线性回归分析中P<0.10的变量纳入多因素分析。多因素分析采用COX逐步回归分析模型和线性回归分析。结果(1)两组低位直肠癌病人手术情况:CSPO组和ISR组病人腹腔镜手术例数、手术时间、术中出血量、肿瘤远切缘、术后化疗、术后住院时间分别为44例和55例、(165±54)min和(268±101)min、(142±101)mL和(91±85)mL、(0.6±0.4)cm和(1.9±0.6)cm、76例和9例、(6.6±2.5)d和(7.9±4.7)d,两组病人上述指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ²=35.531,t=8.995、-3.437、-3.088,χ²=44.681,t=2.267,P<0.05)。(2)两组低位直肠癌病人术后并发症情况:CSPO组术后19例病人发生并发症,其中Ⅰ级并发症6例,Ⅱ级并发症12例,Ⅲb级并发症1例。ISR组术后14例病人发生并发症,其中Ⅰ级并发症4例,Ⅱ级并发症7例,Ⅲa级并发症1例,Ⅲb级并发症2例。两组病人术后总体并发症发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.706,P>0.05)。两组病人并发症经对症支持治疗后均好转。两组病人均无围术期(术后30 d内)死亡病例。(3)随访情况:183例病人均获得随访,CSPO组和ISR组随访时间分别为(41±27)个月和(37±19)个月,两组病人比较,差异无统计学意义(t=-1.104,P>0.05)。CSPO组和ISR组病人中,肿瘤局部复发分别为2例和3例、肿瘤远处转移分别为9例和4例,两组病人上述指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²=1.277、0.170,P>0.05)。CSPO组和ISR组病人3年无病生存率分别为84.0%和88.6%,3年总体生存率分别为99.0%和92.8%,两组病人无病生存情况和总体生存情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(χ²=0.218、0.002,P>0.05)。CSPO组和ISR组分别有102例和66例病人随访至CSPO或ISR术后12个月,其造口还纳率分别为92.16%(94/102)和96.97%(64/66),两组病人比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=1.658,P>0.05)。CSPO组8例造口未还纳病人中,2例因高龄、4例主观拒绝还纳、2例因放疗致瘢痕无法还纳。ISR组2例造口未还纳病人中,术后因肝转移和主观拒绝还纳各1例。CSPO组和ISR组分别有92例和61例病人随访至造口还纳术后12个月,其中CSPO组75例和ISR组38例完成肛门功能满意度调查。CSPO组和ISR组病人肛门功能满意度评分分别为(6.8±2.8)分、(5.4±3.0)分,两组病人比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.542,P<0.05)。CSPO组和ISR组病人肛门功能满意度评分>5分分别为54例和21例,两组病人比较,差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.165,P>0.05)。(4)影响低位直肠癌病人预后因素分析:COX逐步回归分析结果为性别、肿瘤pT分期是影响低位直肠癌病人无病生存率的独立影响因素(风险比=2.883,1.963,95%可信区间为1.090~7.622,1.129~3.413,P<0.05);性别、肿瘤pT分期是影响低位直肠癌病人总体生存率的独立影响因素(风险比=10.963,3.187,95%可信区间为1.292~93.063,1.240~8.188,P<0.05)。(5)影响低位直肠癌病人肛门满意度因素分析:单因素分析结果显示手术方式和肿瘤分化程度是影响低位直肠癌病人肛门满意度的影响因素(偏回归系数=1.464,-1.580,95%可信区间为0.323~2.605,-2.950~-0.209,P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:手术方式、肿瘤分化程度、术前放疗是影响低位直肠癌病人肛门满意度的独立影响因素(偏回归系数=1.637,-1.456,-1.668,95%可信区间为0.485~2.788,-2.796~-0.116,-2.888~-0.447,P<0.05)。结论与ISR比较,低位直肠癌施行CSPO同样可实现超低位保肛,不增加术后并发症发生率,保障肿瘤学安全性,改善肛门功能,提升病人术后肛门功能满意度。     

Cr Migration Potential and Species Properties in the Soil Profile from a Chromate Production Site in the Groundwater Depression Cone Area

The relationship between the migration process and speciation distribution of Cr is important for the risk assessment in the underground environment. In this work, soil columns were collected from the chromate production site, with a 40-year operation, in the groundwater depression cone area of North China plain. The relationship between chromium pollution features and the geochemical properties of soil was established, and the migration risk of Cr(VI) was assessed based on the Nemerow composite index and Hydrus-1D model. The maximum total Cr concentration in the chromium slag dumping site reached 907 mg/kg, and that in the chromate production workshop was more than 200 mg/kg across the depth. The migration of Cr might be accelerated in the soil with abundant Mn (236–1461 mg/kg) but scarce organic matters (<?0.45%). The Hydrus simulation indicated that Cr(VI) would reach a cumulative flux of 300–729 mg/cm² after 50 years.

     

基于人群的身体活动水平与脑卒中发病风险的队列研究

目的 探讨≥40岁成年人身体活动水平对脑卒中发病的影响。方法 通过宁波市2015年具有人群代表性的成年人慢性病监测调查获得身体活动和人口特征基线数据,利用2015-2019年宁波市慢性病监测信息协同管理系统获得脑卒中发病数据,将数据库进行匹配形成队列。身体活动按照每周身体活动量（METs）分为低、中等和高强度身体活动。采用Cox回归分析计算不同身体活动分类脑卒中的发病风险。结果 2015年基线调查共纳入3 353名研究对象,截至2019年12月31日,随访时间（50.28±2.54）个月,共发生脑卒中事件31人,累积发病率为242/10万。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,在控制性别、年龄、文化程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、BMI、是否高血压等因素后,身体活动强度越高,脑卒中发病风险越低,平均降低37.9%（HR=0.621,95%CI：0.393~0.983）。与低强度身体活动者相比,高强度身体活动者脑卒中发病风险降低了63.1%（HR=0.369,95%CI：0.139~0.976）,而中等强度身体活动者与低强度身体活动者的脑卒中发病风险差异无统计学意义（HR=0.712,95%CI：0.323~1.569）。结论 身体活动强度越高,脑卒中发病风险越低,应加强社区支持性环境建设,提高人群身体活动水平。     

大学生手机成瘾与心理健康的关系:注意偏向的中介作用

目的 探讨大学本科生手机成瘾与心理健康、注意偏向的关系以及注意偏向在手机成瘾和心理健康间的中介作用。方法 选取安徽某高校本科生479名,采用自行设计的一般情况调查表、手机成瘾指数量表、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表、中文版积极/消极注意偏向量表进行问卷调查。结果 共发放问卷500份,其中有效问卷479份,有效回收率为95.8%。大学生手机成瘾总分为(41.18±12.20)分,心理健康总分为(13.88±11.43)分,正性注意偏向总分(42.81±8.69)分,负性注意偏向总分为(29.81±8.22)分。Pearson相关分析表明,手机成瘾与心理健康、负性注意偏向均呈正相关(r=0.453,P<0.01;r=0.404,P<0.01);心理健康与正性注意偏向呈负相关(r=-0.318,P<0.01),与负性注意偏向呈正相关(r=0.567,P<0.01)。结论 大学生注意偏向在手机成瘾与心理健康中起到中介作用,应高度重视大学生手机成瘾对心理健康的危害,以提升其心理健康水平。     

Characterisation of the IgE-binding immunodominant epitopes on Ara h1

Peanut allergy is one of the most severe food allergies due to its persistency and life-threatening character. Serum IgE from patients with documented peanut hypersensitivity reactions and synthetic peptides were used to screen the linear IgE-binding epitopes on the major peanut allergen, Ara h 1. Five major epitopes that bound peanut-specific serum IgE from more than 60% of patients tested were identified. Mutational analysis of the immunodominant epitope showed that single amino acid changes had dramatic effects on IgE-binding characteristics. Mapping and characterisation of the IgE-binding epitopes on Ara h1 could be used in future immunotherapeutic approaches for peanut allergy disease.     

Overexpression of decoy receptor 3 in precancerous lesions and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Overexpression of decoy receptor (DcR) 3 protein, a recently discovered member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, was examined in 40 esophagogastrectomy specimens containing areas of Barrett esophagus (n = 27), low-grade dysplasia (n = 27), high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (n = 22), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC; n = 28) with immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed significantly more overexpression of DcR3 in high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and EAC than in benign esophageal mucosa (both P < .0001), Barrett esophagus (both P < .001), and low-grade dysplasia (P < .01 and P = .033, respectively). Low-grade dysplasia also showed significant overexpression of DcR3 compared with benign esophagus (P < .05) but not with Barrett esophagus (P > .05). DcR3 overexpression seems to negatively correlate with the grade of EAC. Our results suggest that overexpression of DcR3 protein might aid in the diagnosis of high-grade dysplasia or carcinoma in situ and EAC and also might serve as a potential therapeutic target.     

The expression of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and PLAP-like enzymes in normal and neoplastic human tissues. An immunohistological survey using monoclonal antibodies

The immunohistological expression of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) and PLAP-like enzyme was studied in frozen sections from a wide variety (n = 254) of normal and malignant tissues using monoclonal antibodies reactive with PLAP (H317) and PLAP/PLAP-like enzyme (H17E2; H315). PLAP/PLAP-like reactivity was seen in normal thymus, and foetal and neonatal testis, and in 21 out of 22 malignant germ cell tumours (GCTs), but was also found in normal endocervix, normal Fallopian tube and in 28 out of 167 non-GCTs (particularly in ovarian and proximal gastrointestinal tract tumours). Positivity for true PLAP (as demonstrated with H317) was seen in term placenta, in endocervix, and in Fallopian tube (but not in other normal tissues) and was commonly found in ovarian and proximal gastrointestinal tract tumours. Reactivity with H317 was unusual in malignant GCTs (2 out of 22 cases). These findings confirm that PLAP/PLAP-like positivity is a highly sensitive immunohistological marker for malignant GCTs, but one which by itself is of only moderate specificity. Furthermore, expression of true PLAP is rare in GCTs and favours instead an origin from the ovary or proximal gastrointestinal tract. The results also indicate that the predominant heat-stable alkaline phosphatase species in normal foetal and neonatal testis, and in thymus has a similar immunohistological profile to that found in malignant GCTs, and is a PLAP-like enzyme ("germ cell alkaline phosphatase") distinct from true PLAP. The occurrence of this marker in GCTs would appear to reflect increased eutopic production of an enzyme present in trace amount in corresponding normal tissues rather than a genuine example of ectopic expression.     

Direct protective effect of interleukin-10 on articular chondrocytes in vitro

Objective To assess whether interleukin-10 (IL-10) is chondroprotective in vitro.Methods Chondrocytes were isolated from femoral cartilage of rats (7-10 days) by digesti on with collagenase Ⅱ.The first passage cells were grown in 24- well plates with DMEM, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, for 2-4 days.The ce lls were then cultured in 0.1% fetal bovine serum DMEM medium, and given respec tively interleu kin-1 (IL-1) 100 μ/ml, IL-1 100 μ/ml+recombinant murine interleukin-10 ( rmIL-10) 20 ng/ml, rmIL-10 20 ng/ml, and cultured for 48 hours.Scanning el ectron morphology and immunohistochemical study of nitric oxide synthase 2 and matric metalloproteinase 3 mRNA in situ hybridization were performe d.Cell proliferation and morphology were observed under inverted microscope fr om the beginning of cell culture for three weeks.Results IL-1 stimulated granule production in the cytoplasma of chondrocytes, and the c ells died in the second and third weeks of culture.IL-10 antagonized IL-1, p rotected the cells from death and maintained chondrocyte proliferation.Scannin g electron morphology showed that IL-1 stimulated the formation of numerous mic rovilli on the cell surface, while thin and less numerous microvilli were found in cultures with IL-10.Immunohistochemical study and in situ hybridization sh owed that IL-10 inhibited NOS2 and MMP3 expression.Conclusion IL-10 not only inhibits the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines, but also direc tly protects chondrocytes by antagonizing IL-1.     

结核分枝杆菌异烟肝耐药基因突变的研究

目的：了解我国结核分枝杆菌耐异烟肼（INH）分离株katG基因突变情况,探讨快速检测结核分枝杆菌耐药基因型的分子药敏检测方法。方法：用PCR单链构象多态性（PCR－SSCP）和PCR直接测序法（PCR－DS）检测30株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的katG基因。结果：以结核分枝杆菌H37Rv标准株对照观察所有INH敏感株的PCR－SSCP和PCR－DS图谱,均未发现异常;而在12株INH耐药株中,有4株无PCR－SSCP和PCR－DS图谱异常,占INH耐药株的33．4％;有5株在94位发生核苷酸错义突变,占INH耐药株41．7％,有3株在96位发生核苷酸同义突变,占INH耐药株的25％。结论：多数结核分枝杆菌对INH是由于其katC基因突变所致,可先用PCR－SSCP筛选突变株,再用PCR－DS方法测定其突变位点,达到快速检测结核分枝杆菌INH耐药基因型的目的。     

醒脑静注射液对脑出血病人高热昏迷的疗效观察

目的：观察醒脑静注射液对脑出血病人高热与意识障碍的疗效。方法：按随机分组法将100例有高热与意识障碍的脑出血病人随机分为治疗组及对照组,治疗组在常规方法上加用醒脑静注射液,对照组采用常规方法。结果：治疗组恢复时间明显短于对照组。结论：醒脑静注射液对脑出血高热及意识障碍有明显治疗效果。