Effect of prolactin on tetracycline binding to human spermatozoa.

The effect of different concentrations of prolactin (0 to 60 ng) on the release of tetracycline from human spermatozoa labeled with 7-3H-tetracycline hydrochloride was studied. Prolactin significantly enhanced the release of bound tetracycline, indicating that prolactin may influence the processes associated with sperm capacitation.     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia: in vitro treatment with myeloid cell-specific monoclonal antibodies

Second or third chemotherapy-induced remissions in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) are limited by early relapse of the leukemia. We developed monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) that are cytotoxic to myeloid leukemia cells to treat bone marrow from these patients ex vivo for autologous transplantation. In this pilot study, bone marrow was harvested from ten patients with AML in remission, treated with one or two complement-fixing MoAbs, PM-81 and AML-2-23, which react with myeloid differentiation antigens, incubated with rabbit complement, and cryopreserved. These MoAbs were chosen because they have broad reactivity with AML cells but not with pluripotent progenitor cells. At the time of transplant, 6 patients were in second complete remission, 1 each was in third complete or partial remission, and 2 were in early first relapse. The patients were treated with cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg a day for 2 days) and total body irradiation (200 cGy twice a day for 3 days) and given infusions of MoAb-treated bone marrow. Full bone marrow reconstitution was observed in eight patients; two patients did not recover platelets. Seven of the ten patients are surviving and disease-free at 21.0, 15.0, 13.0, 10.0, 6.0, 3.0, and 2.0 months posttransplant. Treating bone marrow with MoAbs to myeloid differentiation antigens does not interfere with pluripotential stem cell engraftment. Longer follow-up and a controlled study are necessary to prove that the apparent efficacy of this therapeutic approach in some patients is attributable to MoAb-mediated killing of leukemia cells.     

Selective Internal Radiation Therapy with Yttrium-90 for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review on Post-Treatment Dosimetry and Concomitant Chemotherapy

Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) with yttrium-90 (⁹⁰Y)-loaded microspheres is increasingly used for the treatment of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Dosimetry verifications post-treatment are required for a valid assessment of any dose-response relationship. We performed a systematic review of the literature to determine how often clinics conducted post-treatment dosimetry verification to measure the actual radiation doses delivered to the tumor and to the normal liver in patients who underwent SIRT for ICC, and also to explore the corresponding dose-response relationship. We also investigated other factors that potentially affect treatment outcomes, including the type of microspheres used and concomitant chemotherapy. Out of the final 47 studies that entered our study, only four papers included post-treatment dosimetry studies after SIRT to quantitatively assess the radiation doses delivered. No study showed that one microsphere type provided a benefit over another, one study demonstrated better imaging-based response rates associated with the use of glass-based TheraSpheres, and two studies found similar toxicity profiles for different types of microspheres. Gemcitabine and cisplatin were the most common chemotherapeutic drugs for concomitant administration with SIRT. Future studies of SIRT for ICC should include dosimetry to optimize treatment planning and post-treatment radiation dosage measurements in order to reliably predict patient responses and liver toxicity.     

Iopamidol arteriography: discomfort and pain

A double-blind, randomized study was performed to compare discomfort and pain associated with the use of iopamidol and Hypaque (diatrizoate sodium and diatrizoate meglumine) during iliofemoral runoff arteriography in 33 patients. Iopamidol caused substantially less discomfort and pain. The evaluation was helped by audiotaping the study and comparing patients' vocal responses to injections of these materials.     

Cholecystectomy and Hysterectomy: A Least Invasive Approach

Objective

The study is to promote the least invasive approach that combines cholecystectomy and hysterectomy at the same operative sitting so as to provide maximum benefits to women.

Method

A series of 45 women between 40 and 75 years age from year 2001 to 2014 from the private practice of author and colleague surgeons in Mumbai were in need of hysterectomy as well as cholecystectomy for gynecological indication and symptomatic gallstones, respectively. Cholecystectomy was performed laparoscopically by general surgeon and was combined with hysterectomy with or without bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) via vaginal route by gynecologist.

Result

The average surgical time was 40 min for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 32 min for hysterectomy and 40 min for hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to 64 min when uteri needed heavy debulking. Total blood loss was approximately less than 50–100 ml for hysterectomy and up to 250 ml for hysterectomy needing fair amount of debulking. Blood loss for laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 10 ml to maximum of 80 ml.

Conclusion

Lesson for both, gynecologists and the surgeons, is to combine these two when required and possible. This provides maximum advantages through minimizing risk of anesthesia and time duration, hospital stay, cost-effectiveness.

     

Optimization of Novel Mucoadhesive In Situ Film Forming Periodontal Drug Delivery System for Chemotherapeutic Agents

Introduction

The objective of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate mucoadhesive in situ film forming periodontal drug delivery system (MIFPDDS) for local delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Ethyl cellulose, a film forming release retardant, was used in combination with Eudragit RL100, a mucoadhesive polymer, and polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30 to develop MIFPDDS.

Materials and methods

A simplex lattice design was employed to achieve an optimum solvent blend (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol-200, and propylene glycol) which has rapid film formation capacity and low viscosity. The prepared MIFPDDS was evaluated for various parameters such as in vitro film forming capacity, viscosity, in vitro diffusion study, ex vivo mucoadhesion study, stability study, and compatibility. A 32 full-factorial design was used to investigate the influence of formulation variables.

Results and discussion

Drug release data from all formulations were fitted to different kinetic models, and the Korsmeyer–Peppas model was found the best fit model. Increasing the concentration of each polymeric component increases viscosity, and time for 50, 70, and 90 % drug release was observed and graphically represented by the surface response and contour plots. The formulation of batches MIF1—PCM4, MIF6, and MIF7 failed to give the desired results for the first hour drug release and MIF8 and MIF9 failed to show viscosity below 70 cPs.

Conclusion

The formulation of batch MIF5 containing 3 % (w/v) of ethyl cellulose and 8 % (w/v) of Eudragit RL100 was considered as optimum formulation.     

CT在骨科中的应用

目的 :探讨 CT在骨骼肌肉系统疾病的应用价值。方法 :回顾性分析经病理证实或临床随访证实的 15 89例骨骼肌肉系统病变的 CT资料 ,并与临床进行对照。结果 :创伤性病变 15 6例 ,涉及颅面骨、脊柱、四肢、骨盆等部位 ,CT可显示复杂部位的细小骨折 ,以及邻近组织的伴随改变。骨关节病 13 79例 ,包括骨关节退行性变 ,无菌性坏死和骨纤维异常增殖症 ,CT可显示椎间盘病变的程度和部位 ,对无菌性坏死及骨纤维异常增殖症亦有独特的诊断价值。骨关节感染性病变 6例 ,肿瘤性病变 13例 ,软组织病变 3 5例 ,对上述 3类疾病 CT亦可提供明确的诊断信息。结论 :CT在骨关节系统具有十分明确的诊断价值 ,可发现常规 X线不能发现的早期表现和微小改变 ,有利于临床制订治疗方案 ,并可用于临床治疗的疗效观察     

64排螺旋CT对腰椎间盘病变的诊断价值

目的:探讨腰椎间盘病变在64排螺旋CT三维及多平面重建的影像学特征,提高腰椎间盘病变的诊断率。方法:对79例腰椎间盘病变部位行64排CT螺旋扫描(其中14例先行椎管造影),并进行三维重建、矢状重建及轴位重建。结果:对腰椎、骶椎共79例病变部位行矢状重建,其中腰间盘膨出31例,腰间盘突出44例,正常4例。64排螺旋CT三维重建的影像学特征为立体显示腰椎的整体形态;矢状重建的影像学特征为类似MR的图像,纵向显示脊椎的排列情况及椎管的整体形态,造影后矢状图像可以清晰地显示脊髓情况。结论:64排螺旋CT能提供三维立体图像及类似MR的腰椎图像,对腰椎间盘病变的诊断具有重要价值。     

Mefloquine, sulfadoxine, and pyrimethamine in the treatment of symptomatic falciparum malaria: a double-blind trial for determining the most effective dose

A total of 89 adult male Thai patients who had acute, uncomplicated falciparum malaria were treated in a double-blind randomized trial with a single oral dose of two or three tablets, each consisting of 250 mg mefloquine, 500 mg sulfadoxine, and 25 mg pyrimethamine (MSP). The two-tablet regimen produced a cure rate (S response) of 93%, the three-tablet regimen a cure rate of 98%. The mean duration of parasitaemia for the two- and three-tablet groups was 50 and 29 hours, respectively, while the mean duration of fever was 43 and 40 hours, respectively. Differences between the groups were not statistically significant. Tolerance was good at both dose levels. The main side-effects were abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and diarrhoea, but these were mild, transient, and required no specific treatment. The results of haematological and biochemical investigations and of urinalysis revealed no drug-related changes following administration of MSP. The electrocardiograms of some patients revealed sinus bradycardia or sinus arrythmia, but these conditions were transient, symptomless, and clinically not significant.