错误相关负电位在精神科临床上推广——附50例正常成人分析

目的:应用引进的德国仪器及新技术探讨并建立健康成人错误相关负电位(ERN)的正常值。方法:应用德国Brain Products公司的ERP记录与分析系统,对50例21~55岁健康成人右利手受试者,作了ERN检测。结果:(1)32个头皮记录点皆在约100~150ms处出现了一个负波,健康成人ERN波形较稳定。(2)在Cz、Fz、Pz、C3、C4 5个脑区,建立了健康成人ERN潜伏期和波幅均值。(3)左右侧比较及男女性别比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健康成人ERN较稳定和可靠。ERN可作为一个有临床推广应用价值的ERP而用于神经精神科临床。     

Inhibitory effect of midkine-binding peptide on tumor proliferation and migration

Background: To investigate the inhibitory effect of midkine-binding peptides on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation and angiogenesis of xenograft tumor. Methods: The midkine-binding peptides were panned by Ph.D.-7^™ Phage Display Peptide Library Kit, and the specific binding activities of positive clones to target protein were examined by phage ELISA. The effect of midkine-binding peptides on proliferation of HUVECs was confirmed by MTT test. The xenograft tumor model was formed in BALB/c mice with the murine hepatocarcinoma cells H22 (H22). Microvessel density (MVD) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry of factor VIII staining. Results: Midkine-binding peptides have the inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis, a proliferation assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) indicated that particular midkine-binding peptides significantly inhibited the proliferation of the HUVECs. Midkine-binding peptides were also observed to efficiently suppress angiogenesis induced by murine hepatocarcinoma H22 cells in BALB/c nude mice. Conclusion: The midkine-binding peptides can inhibit solid tumor growth by retarding the formation of new blood vessels. The results indicate that midkine-binding peptides may represent potent anti-angiogenesis agents in vivo.     

Expression of cancer stem cell markers and their correlation with pathogenesis in vascular tumors

Objective: Vascular tumor, which belongs to a kind of complicated lesion in soft tissue tumor, is derived from mesenchymal tissue. Although many studies have been focused on the pathogenesis of vascular tumors in human, the specific mechanism of the vascular tumors was currently unclear. Previous studies have reported an association of cancer stem cells with the development of tumor in many solid tumors. Thus the purpose of this study was to explore whether different expression level of cancer stem cell markers including CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1 in vascular tumor may help to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of vascular tumor. In present study, tissues of 9 cases of hemangioma, 22 cases of hemangiosarcoma, 3 cases of Kaposi’s sarcoma, and 5 cases of hemangioendothelioma were immunostained for CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1. Of the 39 vascular tumor cases included in the current study, CD29, CD133 and nestin were positive in most vascular tumor cases. Although CD44 and ALDH1 were observed in vascular tumor cases, the percentage of cells staining for the two markers was less than 2% in all cases of vascular tumor. Capillary hemangiomas exhibited significantly higher expression rate of CD29 and nestin compared with malignant vascular tumors and hemangioendotheliomas (P<0.05, Fisher’s exact test), while CD44, CD133 and ALDH1 exhibited no statistically significant difference between these two groups. Pearson correlation analysis exhibited that CD29 expression and nestin expression in vascular tumor were no statistically significant relationship (C=0.288, P=0.063>0.05). Our findings confirmed that the five cancer stem cells markers, including CD29, CD44, CD133, nestin and ALDH1, exhibited different expression levels in vascular tumors and demonstrated that immonhistochemical analysis for cancer stem cells markers may provide useful information for studying the pathogenesis of vascular tumors.     

微笑美学基础知识教育对大学生主观感知变化的影响

目的 了解大学生对微笑美学基础知识的了解程度以及需求现状.方法 随机选取120名在读大学生进行问卷调查.在120受试者中随机抽选男女各20位,进行微笑基础知识教育,1周后随访调查.取受试者干预前后2次正面微笑照片被男女各10名大众参与者进行主观评价.结果 从各个问题答案构成比中看出,男女各占比例相差小,但微笑美学基础知识在大学生中迫切需要学习.卡方检验显示受检者主观感知变化结果:对微笑美学基础知识了解改变,干预具有一定效果;专业指导与训练后会变得更好,男性改变明显,女性选择“可能性”的非常多;估计自己微笑理想程度以0～10分的中点5分处分界,对评分数据分析,显示出尚不能认为女性变化明显但整体主观变化明显.大众评价结果显示,尚不能认为女性评价者认为授课后的相片更好看;而男性评价者认为授课后的相片更好看;男女共20名评价结果显示,更倾向于授课后的相片好看.结论 当今大学生迫切需要微笑美学知识这方面的教育,需要进一步发挥正畸医师的社会性作用,即将微笑美学知识面向社会推广.     

不同分娩时间产妇的一般情况及母婴并发症发生情况的调查

目的调查不同分娩时间产妇的一般情况及母婴并发症发生情况,以期为制定针对性措施提供临床依据。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至12月在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院妊娠28周以上、单胎头位、阴道分娩的产妇8931例的病史资料。根据分娩时间分为白班组(8:00-17:00)和中夜班组(17:00至次日8:00),比较两组产妇的一般情况、母婴分娩并发症的发生情况等。结果白班组与中夜班组分娩量以及产妇的一般情况的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。中夜班时,急产的发生率为6.43%,明显高于白班;白班组,人工破膜、镇痛分娩、产钳助产、阴道切开、宫腔探查等助产操作比例明显高于中夜班组。两组产妇阴道血肿以及产后出血发生率的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但中夜班分娩产妇产后2h发生产后出血比率明显高于白班(P0.05)。两组新生儿娩出5min Apgar评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论产房白班与中夜班的工作量相当,白班时产科助产操作比例更高,中夜班存在母婴安全的潜在危险因素。     

强化实践教学 培养药学应用型人才

为了培养高素质应用型药学人才,解决药学实践教学存在的问题、提高药学实践教学质量,进行了教学改革:包括以社会需求为导向修订培养方案、构建实践教学新体系、开展药学综合实验、建立多层次实践环节、扩大校企合作、提高学生的动手能力和工程实践能力等,以适应医药企业对人才的需求。     

浙江省丽水地区中老年居民吸烟行为及人群特征分析

目的通过了解丽水地区中老年居民的吸烟行为和相应的人群特点,为开展控烟工作提供理论证据。 方法选定丽水地区3个街道（乡镇）中年龄50～80岁的常住户籍人口,按照10%的比例进行整群抽样调查。调查问卷包含基线资料、吸烟（包括主动吸烟和被动吸烟）情况、吸烟健康知识等内容。汇总吸烟人群的调查资料,分析吸烟人群的分布特征。多组间计量资料的比较采用方差分析,计数资料的比较采用χ²检验。 结果共发放问卷5 627份,回收完整有效问卷3 090份。现在吸烟者共631名,现在非吸烟者共2 459名,标化后的吸烟率为21.6%,男性吸烟率为43.4%,女性吸烟率为0.12%。男性调查者中的现在吸烟人群主要表现为不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地的分布差异（χ²=37.984、25.445、7.249、25.593,P<0.05）。被动吸烟者789名（其中男性208例,女性551例）,主要表现为不同年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地的人群分布差异（χ²=54.922、151.962、15.039、19.365、16.316,P<0.05）。健康知识得分总体表现出不同年龄、文化程度、职业、居住地的人群分布差异（F=8.352、24.905、4.598、82.934,P<0.05）。 结论本地区吸烟人群具有明显的分布特征,男性吸烟率和女性被动吸烟率高,应针对吸烟的人群分布特点精准实施控烟宣传推广工作。     

Effectiveness of near-peer simulation for managing the acutely deteriorating patient among residents of an internal medicine junior residency programme

INTRODUCTIONNear-peer teaching is gaining popularity as a teaching modality, as it improves the learner’s understanding, is targeted at an appropriate level and promotes familiarisation. This study was initiated to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating near-peer instruction into simulation-based training within a junior residency programme.METHODS42 first-year residents from an internal medicine junior residency programme were recruited. Participants underwent a simulation-based training programme conducted over five weeks. Each week involved either an emergency or acute clinical scenario. A structured questionnaire was administered prior to and after the course to compare participants’ perceived knowledge, experience and confidence in managing the clinical scenarios.RESULTSIn our study, 83% of participants agreed/strongly agreed that the scenarios were realistic. There were improvements in perceived knowledge, experience and confidence after the course. The greatest improvement was seen for experience (post-simulation: median 7.00 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.00‒8.00] vs. pre-simulation: median 5.00 [IQR 3.00–6.25]). 65% of participants were keen to help with future training.CONCLUSIONNear-peer simulation training was found to be a viable and valuable method of instruction for first-year residents for increasing experience, instilling confidence and improving perceived knowledge. Integration of such programmes within medical education curricula shows good promise of continuity, with many first-year residents inspired to organise subsequent sessions.     

Clinical outcomes of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in Shanghai,China

Background:Numerous studies have focused on lymphoma among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, little is known about the treatment options and survival rate of lymphoma in the Chinese people living with HIV (PLHIV). Our study aimed to investigate the prognosis and compare outcome of dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (DA-EPOCH-R) with standard cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and rituximab(R-CHOP) as front line therapy for PLHIV with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) receiving modern combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).Methods:A retrospective analysis evaluating PLHIV with DLBCL was performed in Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from July 2012 to September 2019. The demographic and clinical data were collected, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) analyses of patients receiving R-CHOP or DA-EPOCH-R therapy were performed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Additionally, a Cox multiple regression model was constructed to identify related factors for OS.Results:A total of 54 eligible patients were included in the final analysis with a median follow-up of 14 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 8–29 months). The proportion of high international prognostic index (IPI) patients was much larger in the DA-EPOCH-R group (n = 29) than that in the R-CHOP group (n = 25). The CD4 cell counts and HIV RNA levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The 2-year OS for all patients was 73%. However, OS was not significantly different between the two groups, with a 2-year OS rate of 78% for the DA-EPOCH-R group and 66% for the R-CHOP group. Only an IPI greater than 3 was associated with a decrease in OS, with a hazard ratio of 5.0. The occurrence of grade 3 and 4 adverse events of chemotherapy was not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions:Outcomes of R-CHOP therapy do not differ from those of DA-EPOCH-R therapy. No HIV-related factors were found to be associated with the OS of PLHIV in the modern cART era.