B超诊断脾破裂57例分析

目的 探讨超声诊断脾破裂的诊断价值、超声特点。方法 应用B型超声对57例脾破裂诊断并分型。结果本组57例脾破裂,有腹部外伤史56例,无腹部外伤史1例。脾包膜下破裂15例(26％),脾实质挫裂伤31例(54％),脾粉碎性破裂9例(15％),漏诊2例(3％),诊断符合率(93％)。结论 B超检查脾破裂具有方便、快捷、准确、无痛苦、无损伤等优点。还可对破裂分型,必要时动态观察,为临床提供可靠的诊断依据,是影像学检查的首选方法。     

Hydrogen peroxide induces programmed necrosis in rat nucleus pulposus cells through the RIP1/RIP3‐PARP‐AIF pathway

This study aimed to systematically investigate whether programmed necrosis contributes to H₂O₂‐induced nucleus pulposus (NP) cells death and to further explore the underlying mechanism involved. Rat NP cells were subjected to different concentrations of H₂O₂ for various time periods. The cell viability was measured using a cell counting kit‐8, and the death rate was detected by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The programmed necrosis‐related molecules receptor‐interacting protein 1 (RIP1), receptor‐interacting protein 3 (RIP3), poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP), and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. The morphologic and ultrastructural changes were examined by phasecontrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, the necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1), the PARP inhibitor diphenyl‐benzoquinone (DPQ) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology were used to indirectly evaluate programmed necrosis. Our results indicated that H₂O₂ induced necrotic morphologic and ultrastructural changes and an elevated PI positive rate in NP cells; these effects were mediated by the upregulation of RIP1 and RIP3, hyperactivation of PARP, and translocation of AIF from mitochondria to nucleus. Additionally, NP cells necrosis was significantly attenuated by Nec‐1, DPQ pretreatment and knockdown of RIP3 and AIF, while knockdown of RIP1 produced the opposite effects. In conclusion, these results suggested that under oxidative stress, RIP1/RIP3‐mediated programmed necrosis, executed through the PARP‐AIF pathway, played an important role in NP cell death. Protective strategies aiming to regulate programmed necrosis may exert a beneficial effect for NP cells survival, and ultimately retard intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1269–1282, 2018.

     

抑癌基因P16在肾脏肿癌中的表达及意义

为探讨抑癌基因P16与肾脏肿瘤临床病理及预后的关系，采用免疫组织化学SP法对53例肾癌组织中P16基因进行检测。结果显示，53例肾肿瘤P16基因表达的阳性率为37．73％，其阳性表达与肿瘤的病理分级、临床分期及预后均密切相关，有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。提示P16基因在抑制肾脏肿瘤的发生、发展中起重要作用，是判定肾脏肿瘤恶性程度及预后的客观指标。     

Astragalosides IV inhibits high glucose-induced cell apoptosis through HGF activation in cultured human tubular epithelial cells

Astragaloside IV (ASI) in Radix Astragali is believed to be the active component. The study aims to investigate whether ASI inhibits tubular epithelial cells apoptosis induced by high glucose and its mechanisms. Tubular epithelial cells in this paper were isolated from human kidney. The cells apoptosis was detected by TUNEL and caspase 3 assay. The protein levels of HGF and TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA. The phospho-p38 production, ERK and JNK were determined by Western blot. ASI could inhibit cells apoptosis induced by high glucose (25?mmol/L) in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. ASI also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of TGF-β1 and activation of p38 MAPK pathway at the protein level. Furthermore, ASI increased HGF production in human tubular epithelial cells. The ASI inhibition of tubular epithelial cells apoptosis and reduction of TGF-β1 expression induced by high glucose may represent a new treatment for diabetic kidney injury. The mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect may be related to the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling pathway activation and HGF overproduction.     

Rodent Osteoblastic Cells Express Voltage-Sensitive Calcium Channels Lacking a γ Subunit

Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) open in response to external stimuli, including calcitropic hormones, that alter plasma membrane calcium (Ca²⁺) permeability. Ca²⁺ that enters the cell through these channels serves a second messenger function, eliciting cellular responses that include secretion and changes in gene expression. In osteoblasts, VSCCs serve as key regulators of Ca²⁺ permeability and are a major class of calcitropic hormone-sensitive Ca²⁺ channels present in the plasma membrane. The members of the VSCC family exist as a complex of polypeptide subunits that are comprised of a pore-forming ₁ subunit, an intracellular subunit, a dimer of disulfide-linked ₂ and subunits, and in some tissues, a subunit. Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that the major functional ₁ subunit present in osteoblasts is the _1C (Ca_V1.2). To determine the complement of auxiliary subunits present in rodent osteoblastic cells, we employed RT-PCR using a battery of subunit specific primers and appropriate tissue controls. Immunohistochemistry also was performed, using available subunit specific antibodies, to measure protein expression and localization. Cell types examined included MC3T3-E1 at various stages of differentiation, ROS 17/2.8 osteosarcoma, and primary cultures of rat calvarial osteoblasts. The results indicate that all cells expressed multiple subunit classes and ₂ dimers, but no subunits, regardless of differentiation state. We propose a structure for the functional osteoblast VSCC that consists of ₁, , ₂ subunits and is devoid of a subunit.     

Complicated hepatic vein reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation: Case report and literature review

Hepatic vein reconstruction is one of the crucial issues in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). In the present study, we report on a right liver LDLT excluding middle hepatic vein (MHV) using an MHV‐dominant graft. Two large‐sized inferior right hepatic veins were anastomosed to the recipient's inferior vena cava, respectively, in an end‐to‐side fashion. MHV tributaries were reconstructed using Y‐shaped cryopreserved iliac artery, but resulted in segment VIII congestion. A Fogarty catheter was then used to take out the thrombus and control the bleeding when anastomosis was being performed. The patient recovered uneventfully. Postoperative computed tomography showed patent interposition grafts and normal perfusion of the liver. The patient was doing well 13 months after transplantation.     

腹腔开放疗法治疗严重腹腔感染的临床疗效

目的 探讨腹腔开放疗法治疗严重腹腔感染的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年1月兰州军区兰州总医院收治的36例严重腹腔感染患者的临床资料.所有患者完善检查后,行早期复苏,遵循“损伤控制外科”原则开腹清创,一期手术行腹腔开放疗法,腹腔感染控制后于14 d内行二期关闭腹腔术.术中吸取腹腔内脓液行细菌培养.术后予以抗休克、抗感染、保护脏器功能、营养支持和对症治疗.采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,随访时间截至2014年3月.结果 所有患者顺利完成一期和二期手术,二期术后因感染性休克和MODS死亡6例,治愈出院30例,其中行2次手术8例.两期手术时间为（157±26） min,术中出血量为（230±64） mL,术后胃肠功能恢复时间为（44 ±7）h,术后住院时间为（16±5）d.所有患者成功行腹腔脓液细菌培养,共分离出菌株48株,其中革兰阴性菌31株,革兰阳性菌17株,根据药物敏感试验结果选用亚胺培南和头孢哌酮等抗生素.30例患者术后均获得随访,中位随访时间为6个月.随访期间,6例患者发生粘连性肠梗阻,2例患者发生腹壁切口疝,均经肠粘连松解术或切口疝修补术治疗后痊愈.其余22例患者无并发症发生.结论 对能够耐受手术的严重腹腔感染患者,采用腹腔开放疗法早期开腹清创疗效确切.     

三叠转盘卡的制作及在颈椎骨折脱位椎弓根内固定术中的应用

目的提高颈椎骨折脱位椎弓根内固定术患者手术技术参数计算准确性及效率,提高手术效果。方法基于国人解剖生理及颈椎影像学数据,自制三叠转盘卡,用于66例颈椎骨折伴2节段以上颈髓损伤患者的颈椎后路钉棒系统固定、后路全开门减压治疗。结果66例患者均手术顺利;术后颈椎脱位复位良好,JOA评分改善达62.0%,Frankel分级提高1级,无内固定螺钉松动、退出等发生;未发生护理并发症。结论三叠转盘卡用于颈椎骨折伴颈髓损伤患者手术的技术测算,数据准确,安全便捷,手术效果好。     

二甲双胍对异氟醚麻醉小鼠血糖的影响

目的 观察二甲双胍对异氟醚麻醉小鼠血糖的影响.方法 156只8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠分两部分进行实验.①血糖检测:这部分实验分两步进行.首先,28只小鼠按照按随机数字表法分为未禁食组(n组)和禁食12 h组(f组);各组再分为2个亚组,对照组(Cn组/Cf组),麻醉组(An组/Af组).进一步实验使用56只小鼠按随机数字表法分为n组和f组,每组28只.两组均再按随机数字表法分为4个亚组,Cn组/Cf组,An组/Af组,二甲双胍组(Mn组/Mf组)和二甲双胍麻醉组(MAn组/MAf组),每亚组均为7只.Mn组、Mf组、MAn组和MAf组于麻醉前1.5 h腹腔注射二甲双胍40 mg/kg,An组、Af组、MAn组和MAf组均行异氟醚6h麻醉.通过尾静脉取血检测围麻醉期各时间点血糖值.②荧光定量核酸扩增检测系统(quantitative polymerase chain reaction detecting system,Q-PCR)检测:共72只小鼠.各亚组分组方法同上,分别于麻醉1、4、6h取材下丘脑,每组每个时间点取3只.Q-PCR检测腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase,AMPK)两个亚型AMPKα1、AMPKα2的mRNA表达水平.结果 血糖水平变化:与n组比较,f组小鼠血糖显著降低[(8.25±1.02) mmol/L比(6.46±0.65) mmol/L,P＜0.05].在f组和n组中,麻醉组小鼠均出现血糖水平升高;与Cn组和Cf组比较,An组和Af组分别在麻醉0.5、1、2h和1、2、3h升高(P＜0.05);分别与Cn组和Cf组比较,Mn组和Mf组血糖水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);MAn组和MAf组均于麻醉2h开始出现低血糖并持续(P＜0.05),这种差异分别在麻醉结束4h和1h后消失.下丘脑AMPK mRNA表达:1h,与Cf组比较,MAf组AMPKα1和AMPKα2mRNA表达下调(P＜0.05);4h,与Cn组和Cf组比较,An组、MAn组和Af组AMPKα1表达下调(P＜0.05),AMPKα2 mRNA表达在MAf组降低(P＜0.05);6h,与Cn组和Cf组比较,AMPKα1和AMPKα2在An组和MAn组、Af组和MAf组mRNA表达都降低(P＜0.05).结论 长时程异氟醚麻醉可使小鼠血糖呈“先高后低”改变,二甲双胍预处理后麻醉小鼠可出现持续低血糖,这一过程与下丘脑AMPK转录活性无明显关联.     

7.5%高渗盐水对择期腹部大手术后液体平衡的影响

目的　探讨 7 5 %高渗盐水对择期腹部大手术后液体平衡的影响。方法　 2 2例择期腹部大手术患者 ,配对分为两组。术毕进入外科ICU后 ,研究组 11例应用 7 5 %高渗盐水 4ml kg ,后续平衡液 ;对照组 11例仅用平衡液。比较两组患者的输液量、尿量、液体平衡和体重变化。结果　与对照组相比 ,研究组手术日和术后第 1天尿量较多 [(2 6 5 0± 5 31)mlvs (2 0 4 6± 5 72 )ml,t=2 5 5 17,P <0 0 5 ;(2 716± 6 4 0 )mlvs (2 2 32± 4 89)ml,t=2 2 878,P <0 0 5 ];术日和术后 4 8h的液体正平衡量较少[(40 5 8± 115 9)mlvs (5 92 2± 14 93)ml,t=2 870 1,P <0 0 5 ];(492 6± 2 6 98)mlvs (76 5 6± 2 5 4 3)ml,t=2 2 2 94 ,P <0 0 5 ];术后体重增加幅度低于对照组 [(5 0± 1 9)kgvs (7 2± 1 3)kg ;t=2 80 98,P <0 0 5 ];术后体重下降时间早于对照组 [(2 4 4± 3 4 )hvs (31± 5 )h ;t =3 382 6 ,P <0 0 1]。结论　7 5 %高渗盐水有明显的利尿作用 ,可动员、排出体内扣押的过多液体 ,减少择期腹部大手术后液体正平衡 ,促进液体负平衡提前出现。