Spinal entry route for ventral root afferent fibers in the cat

Twelve anesthetized and paralyzed cats were used to study the spinal entry routes of ventral root afferent fibers. In all animals, the spinal cord was transected at two different levels, L5 and S2. The L5 through S2 dorsal roots were cut bilaterally, making spinal cord segments L5-S2 neurally isolated from the body except for the L5-S2 ventral roots. From this preparation, a powerful excitation of the discharge rate of motor neurons and dorsal horn cells within the isolated spinal segments was observed after intraarterial injection of bradykinin (50 micrograms in 0.5 ml saline). This excitation of the spinal neurons can be considered the most convincing evidence of the potential physiologic role of the ventral root afferent fibers entering the spinal cord directly through the ventral root, because the apparent route of neuronal input from the periphery is through the ventral roots. However, additional control experiments conducted in the present study showed that the excitation persisted even after cutting all ventral roots within the isolated spinal segments, indicating that excitation was not mediated by the ventral roots. Furthermore, direct application of bradykinin on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord also increased the motoneuronal discharge rate, suggesting that excitation of spinal neurons produced by intraarterial injection of bradykinin is due to a direct action of bradykinin on the spinal cord. Thus, we provided an alternate explanation for the most convincing evidence indicating that physiologically important ventral root afferent fibers enter the spinal cord directly through the ventral root. Based on existing experimental evidence, it is likely that the majority of physiologically active ventral root afferent fibers travel distally toward the dorsal root ganglion and then enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root.     

不同雾化吸入方式对婴幼儿支气管肺炎治疗效果的影响

分析病区库房物资管理中存在的问题，主要有管理意识缺乏，物资领取与临床需求脱节，医疗物资分配和使用不合理，物资的保管、维护不当。应对措施：加强医疗成本管理意识；物资领取时注意计划性和灵活性相结合；库房物资使用时注意原则性和节约性相结合；库房物资规范存放，做好各类固定资产的维护、保养管理；健全病区库房管理规章制度；树立科学发展观。     

超长方案促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节对子宫内膜异位症体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

本中心对129例经腹腔镜证实为美国生殖医学会(ASRM)II-IV期子宫内膜异位症(内异症)合并其他不育因素而行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的病例,进行了回顾性统计和分析。一、资料和方法1.临床资料:从2005年4月至2007年3月,在本中心接受IVF-ET治疗经腹腔镜证实为ASRMII-IV期内异症合并其他不育因素的129个周期病例;对照组为输卵管性不育的1,543个周期。内异症组根据有无促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)药物降调节分为A、B两组进行分析,A组:中重度内异症在手术后接受长效GnRH-a(3.75 mg/支,每28 d一支,共2~6支)抑制治疗的39个…     

应用生理性成骨力值概念治疗骨折与骨不连——兼论MO现象与有效固定

治疗骨折与术后合并的骨不连,至今仍是骨创伤领域的难题之一。研究分析当前的学术思想,探索更接近骨愈合规律的理念与技术,是必然的学术趋势。1当前骨创伤理论与技术1.1AO从20世纪50年代起,AO组织提出解剖复位与骨块间坚强固定与加压的概念。50年间,由于伴随生物材料学的发展和内固定形式的进步,业已成为治疗骨折与骨不连的主要理论与方法,并取得了瞩目的成就,但同时也发现了存在并需继续探讨的若干问题。(1)偏心类的固定模式,如加压钢板,其疗效超越一般非加压性钢板。但同时也发现:①内固定期间,骨质萎缩,骨痂纹理凌乱或难觅骨痂;②钢板…     

Preeclampsia and Chlamydia pneumoniae: is there a link?

Several parallels exist between preeclampsia and atherosclerosis. Both are multifactorial diseases that share risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, and elevated serum homocysteine. There are also similarities in the biochemical changes seen in both diseases, including elevated serum triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol and enhanced formation of small, dense LDL particles as well as vascular atherosclerotic lesions. Chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae has been linked to coronary artery disease. This study evaluated a possible link between the incidence of preeclampsia and infection with C. pneumoniae by examining the rate of seropositivity in 81 women with preeclampsia, and 206 women with normal pregnancies. Although our data confirmed well-known risk factors for preeclampsia such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, we found no difference in the rate of seropositivity between preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. On the contrary, the presence of chlamydial antibodies was lower in preeclampsia. Multiparous women with preeclampsia showed a significantly lower rate of seropositivity than multiparous normal women and nulliparous preeclamptics. In addition, women with a history of preeclampsia who developed preeclampsia in the current pregnancy also had a significantly lower rate of seropositivity.     

咽旁间隙原发性肿块流行病学分析

目的：对咽旁间隙原发性肿块进行流行病学分析。方法：对咽旁间隙原发性239例肿块进行统计分析。结果：原发良性肿瘤患病比为61．09％，其中上皮源性肿瘤患病比最高，占19.25％；神经源性肿瘤第二位，占17．57％。原发性恶性肿瘤的患病比为35．15％，其中上皮源性恶性肿瘤的患病比最高，占21.76％；恶性淋巴瘤第2位，占7．95％。炎症的患病比为3．77％，其中淋巴结反应性增生最高。结论：咽旁间隙原发性肿块良性肿瘤的患病比最高，恶性肿瘤次之，炎症居第3位，比例约为17：9：1。     

唇腭裂患者上颌骨牵引成骨术后发音方式的变化

目的:通过对行颅外支架式上颌骨牵引成骨术(rigidexternaldistraction,RED)唇腭裂患者治疗前后的错误发音数量变化、不同发音部位、不同发音方法以及不同类型错误发音发生特点及其变化评价,分析上颌骨RED对患者发音方式的影响。方法:1999年至2001年行上颌骨RED的唇腭裂术后上颌发育不足患者21例,其中男性13例,女性8例,平均年龄15.05岁。所有患者RED前后进行语音测听并分类。治疗前后错误发音的差异性用非参数检验。结果:RED术后42.9%患者错误发音数较RED前增加,19.0%减少,38.1%无变化。从发音部位,舌尖前音错误发音发生率最高,其次为舌面音。从发音方法,错误发音多发于塞擦音。错误发音类型以咽喉摩擦/爆破音为主,其次为腭化构音和声门爆破音。上颌骨RED后腭化构音累及音节数减少,但咽喉摩擦/爆破音和声门爆破音反而增加,尤其是咽喉摩擦/爆破音。结论:唇腭裂患者经RED前移上颌骨后,会对患者发音方式产生影响,在行语音治疗前需考虑全面。     

胫骨平台骨折合并内侧副韧带损伤的诊治体会

[目的]探讨胫骨平台骨折伴膝内侧副韧带损伤的诊断及治疗方法。[方法]回顾性分析本院1996年1月~2005年12月期间收治的52例胫骨平台骨折合并重度内侧副韧带损伤病例,并对有随访的49例(保守治疗21例,手术治疗28例)进行分析。[结果]随访10个月~9年(平均1.7年),按照Schatzker分型:Ⅱ型39例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅵ型4例。骨折均切开复位内固定,对韧带损伤的治疗分为2组,保守治疗组21例,膝关节功能:优11例,良9例,差1例。手术治疗组28例,Ⅰ期修复19例:优17例,良2例。Ⅱ期修复9例:优5例,良3例,差1例。[结论]胫骨平台骨折合并内侧副韧带损伤Ⅰ期修复效果理想。