Outcomes of Project Wall Talk: an HIV/AIDS peer education program implemented within the Texas State Prison system.

We report select outcomes from an evaluation of Project Wall Talk, a community-based, peer-led HIV prevention education program implemented in 36 Texas State prison units. Peer educators completed questionnaires prior to receipt of a 40-hour intensive training (N = 590) and at 9-month follow-up (N = 257). Students (N = 2506) completed questionnaires pre- and post-receipt of peer educator-led HIV education sessions. Peer educators and their students showed significant increases in HIV-related knowledge. Peer educators showed significant increases in assessment of their skills as educators. For both peer educators and students, significant differences in HIV-related knowledge were indicated across categories of prior educational level attained and race/ethnicity; no such differences were indicated at follow-up. Compared with baseline, a significantly greater proportion of peer educators reported ever having had an HIV test. After receiving peer-led education, a significantly smaller proportion of students reported they knew their HIV status and more indicated plans to take an HIV test. Additionally, in months 12 and 18 following program implementation, the numbers of HIV tests at the five units that implemented the peer education program were roughly twice that of five, matched comparison units without the peer education program. Based on peer educator reports, we projected that peer educators (N = 257) may have as many as 84,000 or more annual opportunities to share HIV-related knowledge with other prisoners outside the classroom.     

Intentional mis-reporting of food consumption and its relationship with body mass index and psychological scores in women

BACKGROUND: The reasons for mis-reporting food consumption warrant investigation. OBJECTIVE: To document intention to mis-report food consumption and its associations with psychological measures in women. DESIGN: A total of 184 female volunteers aged 18-65 years, comprising 50 seeking help in primary care to lose weight with a body mass index (BMI) >/=30 kg m(-2) (obese-clinical group) and 134 nurses (nonclinical groups) (BMI <25 kg m(-2), n = 52; BMI 25-29.9 kg m(-2), n = 45; BMI >/=30 kg m(-2), n = 37) were studied. A questionnaire was administered containing three psychological tests (self-esteem, psychological well-being and Stunkard's three-factor eating questionnaire) and new items to address food intake mis-reporting. RESULTS: Overall, 68% of participants declared an inclination to mis-report (64% nonclinical, 78% clinical). Inclination to under-report was 29, 33 and 51% in the three nonclinical groups; and 46% among the obese clinical patients. Among the same groups, inclination to over-report were 39, 29, 11 and 32%. After adjusting for social deprivation and BMI, women inclined to mis-report had higher hunger (P = 0.008) and disinhibition (P = 0.005) scores than those intending to report accurately. These variables were associated with current dieting, frequency of dieting, self-reported bingeing and dissatisfaction with body weight. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that intentional under-reporting and over-reporting of food consumption are common in women of all BMI categories and are associated with eating behaviour. Current dieting, frequency of dieting in the past, self-reported bingeing and dissatisfaction with body weight seem to mediate this relationship.     

An imaging routine for assessing the efficacy of instruments used for scaling and root planning

Deposits of dental plaque or calculus are typically quantified using planimetric techniques. However, error is introduced into a quantitative analysis of plaque deposits using these methods, since they require a significant amount of human intervention. The purpose of this study is to describe and validate a computerized imaging routine which has the potential to objectively identify material on dental roots and measure the area covered by these deposits. Dentiform teeth with simulated plaque were videorecorded. A computer routine was developed based on a flood-fill algorithm which analyzed images of the dentiform teeth and determined the amount of simulated plaque on their root surfaces. Results showed that the dentiform teeth and their simulated plaque patterns are duplicated by the imaging routine in a rapid and reliable fashion. The system shows a high degree of accuracy with an average error factor of only 0.58%. As well, the system enables precise reproducibility with an average error factor of only 0.71%.     

Influenza A pneumonia presenting as progressive focal infiltrates in a stem cell transplant recipient.

BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplant recipients are susceptible to pulmonary infections, including influenza A. Typically, isolated influenza pneumonia has a diffuse, interstitial infiltrate pattern. OBJECTIVES: To describe the unusual clinical and radiographic course of influenza A pneumonia in a stem cell transplant recipient. STUDY DESIGN: Case report in which microbiologic assays, bronchoscopic and pathologic specimens are obtained. RESULTS: We describe a patient with influenza A pneumonia 8 months following a peripheral blood stem cell transplant who presented with minimal respiratory symptoms and rapidly progressing, focal pulmonary infiltrates. The large size and appearance of the masses have not been reported before in a patient with isolated influenza. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the differences of presentation and importance of early diagnosis and treatment of immunocompromised patients infected with influenza.     

High-resolution imaging of progressive articular cartilage degeneration.

The objective of this study was to develop and verify a new technique for monitoring the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) by combining a rat model with the imaging modality optical coherence tomography (OCT). Time-sequential, in vivo, OCT imaging was performed on the left femoral condyles of 12 Wistar rats following sodium-iodoacetic acid-induced OA progression. The right femoral condyles (untreated) were also imaged and served as controls. Imaging was performed on days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 60 with an OCT system capable of acquiring images at four frames per second and an axial resolution of 5 microm. Progressive changes were analyzed using an OA scoring system. OCT successfully identified progressive cartilage degeneration as well as alteration of the cartilage/bone interface. Significant changes to both of these structures were observed in the sodium-iodoacetic acid-injected condyles. Structural changes detected with OCT were confirmed histologically. OCT in combination with a well-known model used in arthritis research represents a powerful tool for following degenerative joint disease progression in a given animal by detecting changes to the cartilage/bone interface and articular cartilage.     

A Randomized Pilot Study of Behavioral Treatment to Increase Calorie Intake in Toddlers With Cystic Fibrosis

This pilot study examined a behavioral treatment to increase calorie intake in toddlers with cystic fibrosis. Eight toddlers were randomly assigned to behavioral plus nutrition (BEH) or nutrition intervention (NTR) conditions. Calorie intake and weight were measured at pre- and posttreatment. The BEH group showed a trend for changes in calorie intake pre- to posttreatment (p = .07; 40% increase). Results for the BEH and NTR groups did not differ significantly. Most participants achieved weight gains consistent with normal growth. Seventy-five percent had not shown this pattern during the year prior to intervention. These results support the feasibility and potential for behavioral interventions in this age group.     

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy directlythrough an angiomyolipoma

We present a patient with tuberous sclerosis and bilateral angiomyolipomaswith a right partial staghorn calculi in which the calculi was managed with a percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Despite the inherent risk of hemorrhage with a percutaneous approach compounded by the fact that this was done directly through a tumor, we were able to render the patient stone free with no intraoperative bleeding, complications, or the need for postoperative blood transfusion. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of percutaneous nephrolithotomy directly through a renal angiomyolipoma.