江苏省扬中市2017—2019年江滩野鼠感染血吸虫监测

目的 开展江滩野鼠感染血吸虫监测,探索敏感、有效的监测方法,为精准防控血吸虫病提供依据。方法 在江滩有螺环境中采用布设鼠夹的方法捕捉野鼠, 对捕获的野鼠进行解剖,观察有无血吸虫感染,分别计算有效鼠夹率、野鼠捕获率和感染率。结果 2017—2019年,累计在13个江滩有螺环境中布设鼠夹2 800只次,其中2017年4个环境800只次,2018年5个环境1 200只次,2019年4个环境800只次。共捕获野鼠132只,有效鼠夹率96.89%,野鼠捕获率4.87%,2017—2019年野鼠捕获率分别为10.82%、2.55%、2.38%,均未发现野鼠感染血吸虫,感染率为0%。结论 通过连续三年的监测,未发现野鼠感染血吸虫,但应进一步持续开展,建议在血吸虫病传播阻断地区可将野鼠感染血吸虫监测列为常规监测手段之一。     

肠易激综合征与功能性消化不良重叠的治疗进展

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)与功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)重叠的治疗,以益生菌和胃肠动力剂为主;精神心理和行为疗法具有协同作用,能增加胃肠动力,改善患者症状;中药治疗强调整体观念和辩证论治;针刺和物理疗法是有效的非药物疗法,综合治疗能提高临床疗效。     

小金胶囊联合注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿的临床研究

目的 探讨小金胶囊联合注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿的临床效果。方法 选取2015年5月—2017年1月咸阳市第一人民医院收治的116例卵巢巧克力囊肿腹腔镜手术后患者作为研究对象,前瞻性随机分为治疗组及对照组,每组58例。对照组在术后首次月经来潮第1天皮下注射给予注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球。治疗组则在对照组的基础上另口服给予小金胶囊,5粒/次,2次/d。两组均连续治疗6个月,并随访1年。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组性激素指标［雌激素（E2）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）及黄体生成素（LH）］,子宫动脉血流参数［搏动指数（PI）、收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速比值（S/D）及阻力指数（RI）］,卵巢巧克力囊肿标记物水平［抗子宫内膜抗体（EMAb）、基质金属蛋白酶-3（MMP-3）,前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）及核因子κB（NF-κB）］,生活质量指标（生理领域、环境领域、社会关系领域及生活领域评分）和1年复发率。结果 治疗后,治疗组总有效率明显高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组性激素指标（E2、FSH及LH）,子宫动脉血流参数（PI、S/D及RI）,卵巢巧克力囊肿标记物水平（EMAb、MMP-3,PGF2α及NF-κB）,生活质量指标（生理领域、环境领域、社会关系领域及生活领域评分）均显著得到改善,且治疗组上述指标的改善程度均明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。随访1年,治疗组复发率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 小金胶囊联合注射用醋酸亮丙瑞林微球治疗卵巢巧克力囊肿具有较好的临床疗效,值得进行深入研究。     

胰腺肉瘤样癌2例报道

收集苏北人民医院收治的2例胰腺肉瘤样癌患者临床资料并随访6~12个月,同时检索相关文献。结果显示1例未能切除,术后未行放化疗,3个月后死亡。1例行手术切除,术后辅以静脉化疗,8个月后因多脏器转移死亡。胰腺肉瘤样癌少见,无特异性临床表现,恶性程度高,浸润性强,预后差,早期诊断和积极综合治疗可望获得较好的治疗效果、延长患者生存期。     

Antibiogram and plasmid profiling of carbapenemase and extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Abeokuta,South western,Nigeria

Background

The increased reports of ESBL dissemination from various centres in south western, Nigeria and the recent emergence of carbapenem resistant bacteria prompted the conception of this study.

Objectives

To demonstrate the relationship between high molecular weight plasmids and the expression of antibiotic multi-resistance including ESBL and carbapenemase.

Methods

We investigated 97 isolates of selected organisms consisting of 67 E. coli and 30 Klebseilla spp for the presence of plasmids expressing ESBL including carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes. Beta-lactamase was determined using acidometric method, while ESBL and carbapenemase activity was determined using the double-disk diffusion test as well as the Modified Hodge test (MHT). Plasmid profiles of ESBL and carbapenemase positive isolates were determined according to standard protocols.

Results

An ESBL prevalence rate of 21.6% and carbapenem- resistance rate of 9.3% was recorded. Antibiotic susceptibility profile of ESBL isolates showed 100.0% resistance against Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole and Erythromycin. Moderate susceptibility was recorded against the Quinolone class of antibiotics; Meropenem remained the most active antibiotic against ESBL isolates with 62.5% against E. coli and 60% against K. pneumoniae. The plasmid profiles of our study isolates ranged from 11.8kbp to 35.5kbp.

Conclusion

Due to the relationship between high molecular weight plasmids and multi-drug resistance, we hereby recommend regular molecular surveillance of this form in our study setting.     

Synergistic effect of aqueous extract of Telfaria occidentalis on the biological activities of artesunate in Plasmodium berghei infected mice

Background

Resistance to most antimalarial drugs has encouraged the use of herbal preparations along with prescribed orthodox drugs.

Objective

To investigate effect of co-administration of aqueous extract of T. occidentalis leaves; commonly used as antimalarial and haematinic agent in Nigeria and artesunate using P. berghei animal model.

Methods

In vivo curative antiplasmodial effect of T. occidentalis (200mg/kg) alone and combination with artesunate (2mg/kg) were evaluated using albino mice infected with 10⁶ parasitized erythrocytes of P. berghei intraperitoneally. The haematological parameters: haemoglobin level, red blood cells and white blood cells and packed cell volume were monitored using standard methods.

Results

Aqueous extract of T. occidentalis, artesunate and the combination gave 72.17±4.07%, 70.43± 4.27% and 85.43±3.65% reduction in parasitaemia after 48hours respectively. A significant enhancement of the PCV was obtained with the coadministration of artesunate and aqueous extract (p< 0.01). Similar trends were also observed with heamatological parameters at 72hours of administration.

Conclusion

This study revealed a synergistic effect of the co-administration on parasite clearance rate of P. berghei infection in mice, with a significant enhancement of haematological parameters within 48 hours of administration. This indicates a rapid rate of recovery from plasmodial infections with the co-administration.     

河北省张家口市规模奶牛养殖场粪污处理现状调研及对策分析

为了解河北省张家口市奶牛规模养殖场粪污处理现状,采用实地调研方式,对30家奶牛养殖场的养殖,粪污的收集、处理等情况进行分析。针对张家口市奶牛规模养殖场粪污处理方式单一、程度低、积极性低,种植土地配套低等问题,提出粪污处理改进的建议和对策,为张家口市奶牛养殖业粪污的治理提供有益的参考。     

Follow-up after focal therapy in renal masses: an international multidisciplinary Delphi consensus project

Purpose

To establish consensus on follow-up (FU) after focal therapy (FT) in renal masses. To formulate recommendations to aid in clinical practice and research.

Methods

Key topics and questions for consensus were identified from a systematic literature research. A Web-based questionnaire was distributed among participants selected based on their contribution to the literature and/or known expertise. Three rounds according to the Delphi method were performed online. Final discussion was conducted during the “8th International Symposium on Focal Therapy and Imaging in Prostate and Kidney Cancer” among an international multidisciplinary expert panel.

Results

Sixty-two participants completed all three rounds of the online questionnaire. The panel recommended a minimum follow-up of 5 years, preferably extended to 10 years. The first FU was recommended at 3 months, with at least two imaging studies in the first year. Imaging was recommended biannually during the second year and annually thereafter. The panel recommended FU by means of CT scan with slice thickness ≤3 mm (at least three phases with excretory phase if suspicion of collecting system involvement) or mpMRI. Annual checkup for pulmonary metastasis by CT thorax was advised. Outside study protocols, biopsy during follow-up should only be performed in case of suspicion of residual/persistent disease or radiological recurrence.

Conclusions

The consensus led to clear FU recommendations after FT of renal masses supported by a multidisciplinary expert panel. In spite of the low level of evidence, these recommendations can guide clinicians and create uniformity in the follow-up practice and for clinical research purposes.

     

基于文献计量学和内容分析法的腹针研究现状与趋势分析

目的 分析目前已发表的腹针文献,了解腹针研究的现状、存在问题及未来趋势,为该领域的研究和治疗工作提供参考.方法 对国内外数据库进行全面检索,采用文献计量法和内容分析法了解文献内、外部特征.结果 最终获得目标文献1 356篇.腹针疗法已成为热点,但我国不同地区发展不均衡;相关研究涉及医、教、研等多个领域,可治疗疾病143种,颈椎病、腰椎间盘突出症等的研究尤为突出;研究类型以RCT/CCT居多(669篇);已发布腹针国家标准1项、出版专著4部.结论 腹针在临床、科研、教学等方面有非常好的发展,应进一步加强高质量循证研究、建立实践指南等工作,更好地为医疗保健服务.