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71.
Cloning and characterization of a gene encoding an immunoglobulin-binding receptor on the cell surface of some members of the family Trypanosomatidae
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Campos-Neto A Suffia I Cavassani KA Jen S Greeson K Ovendale P Silva JS Reed SG Skeiky YA 《Infection and immunity》2003,71(9):5065-5076
Several members of the Trypanosomatidae family, when freshly isolated from their mammalian hosts, have immunoglobulins adsorbed to their cell surfaces. However, a significant portion of these antibody molecules is not parasite specific, i.e., the immunoglobulins are bound to the parasite's cell surface molecules via noncognitive interactions. It has been proposed that this noncognitive adsorption of immunoglobulins to the parasite is mediated by an Fc-like receptor present in several members of the Trypanosomatidae family. However, the molecular identification of this receptor has never been defined. Here, we describe the cloning of a gene encoding a protein that might represent this molecule. The gene, named Lmsp1, was cloned by screening a Leishmania major cDNA expression library using a rabbit antiserum. Lmsp1 is present in both Leishmania and Trypanosoma and is expressed in all developmental stages of these parasites. The predicted protein has a molecular mass of 16.6 kDa and contains an RGD sequence starting at residue 104 and three cysteine residues at positions 55, 74, and 116. The purified recombinant protein strongly binds to normal immunoglobulins of various animal species (humans, rabbits, sheep, goats, guinea pigs, donkeys, rats, and mice) and the binding to human immunoglobulins appears to be immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM isotype specific. Moreover, Lmsp1 binds to both purified Fc and Fab fragments of IgG from both humans and rabbits. The mapping of the Lmsp1 epitopes that bind human IgG revealed that different sequences of the molecule bind to Fc or Fab. In addition, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses with a specific rabbit anti-Lmsp1 antiserum showed that Lmsp1 is associated with the parasite's cell surface. Finally, inhibition experiments point to an active role of this molecule in the immunoglobulin-mediated attachment and penetration of Trypanosoma cruzi in its macrophage host cells, thus suggesting that Lmsp1 is a putative Trypanosomatidae immunoglobulin receptor. 相似文献
72.
Kado N Kitawaki J Koshiba H Ishihara H Kitaoka Y Teramoto M Honjo H 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》2003,18(4):715-720
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between the serum levels of soluble leptin receptor (SLEPR), and total, free and bound leptin, and the change in the serum SLEPR level during an IVF cycle. METHODS: Serum concentrations of leptin and SLEPR were measured in 50 Japanese women of reproductive age, and 20 patients participating in an IVF programme. The total leptin was fractionated into free and bound portions by gel filtration chromatography. RESULTS: The SLEPR level was negatively correlated with the body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.548, P < 0.0001), total leptin (r = -0.433, P < 0.0001), the percentage of free leptin (r = -0.732, P < 0.0001) and the absolute free leptin concentration (r = -0.506, P < 0.0001). The SLEPR level was positively correlated with the percentage of bound leptin (r = 0.730, P < 0.0001), whereas there was little variation in the absolute bound leptin concentration, regardless of the BMI or SLEPR concentration. During the IVF cycle, total and free leptin elevated during maximal ovarian stimulation, whereas there was no significant difference in the SLEPR concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate a skillful mechanism where a change in the serum SLEPR level regulates, in part, the biological activity of leptin in the circulation. 相似文献
73.
Integrating complementary and alternative medicine instruction into health professions education: organizational and instructional strategies. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mary Y Lee Rita Benn Leslie Wimsatt Jane Cornman Joan Hedgecock Susan Gerik Janice Zeller Mary Jo Kreitzer Pamela Allweiss Claudia Finklestein Aviad Haramati 《Academic medicine》2007,82(10):939-945
A few years ago, the National Institutes of Health National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine funded a program called the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Education Project. Grantees were 14 medical and nursing schools and the American Medical Student Association, which funded six additional medical schools. Grants were awarded in cohorts of five per year in 2000, 2001, and 2002-2003.The R25 grant recipients identified several major themes as crucial to the success of integrating CAM into health professions curricula. The rationale for integrating CAM curricula was in part to enable future health professionals to provide informed advice as patients dramatically increase the use of CAM. Success of new CAM education programs relied on leadership, including top-down support from institutions' highest administrators. Formal and informal engagement of key faculty and opinion leaders raised awareness, interest, and participation in programs. A range of faculty development efforts increased CAM-teaching capacity. The most effective strategies for integration addressed a key curriculum need and used some form of evidence-based practice framework. Most programs used a combination of instructional delivery strategies, including experiential components and online resources, to address the needs of learners while promoting a high level of ongoing interest in CAM topics. Institutions noted several benefits, including increased faculty development activities, the creation of new programs, and increased cross- and inter-university collaborations. Common challenges included the need for qualified faculty, crowded and changing curricula, a lack of defined best practices in CAM, and post-grant sustainability of programs. 相似文献
74.
Z. Oláh S. Komoly N. Nagashima F. Joó U. R. Rapp W. B. Anderson 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1991,83(2):403-410
Summary In this report we describe changes in the intracellular redistribution of raf serine/threonine protein kinase (product of the raf proto-oncogene family) in hippocampal neurons following cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. For immunohistochemical localization studies polyclonal antisera specific for each of the A, B, and Raf-1 isotypes of raf, as well as a pan-raf antisera, were employed. Of these, only sera recognizing B-raf, as well as the general v-raf (raised against the conserved C-terminal region) were positive, indicating that B-raf is the major isotype in this neuronal region. Three different ischemie models were used (repeated 3 times for two min and single 5 or 15 min occlusions, of the common carotid arteries) to demonstrate that ischemie insult causes redistribution of raf protein kinase into the cell nucleus of hippocampal neurons. Increased amounts of raf protein in the nuclei of pyramidal cells following ischemia was confirmed by Western blot analysis of isolated nuclear fractionations. Moreover, an elevation in the level of nuclear raf protein also was detected in the contralateral (i.e. non-occluded hemisphere) neurons of CA1 and CA3 subfields 4 days after the ischemie insult indicating a possible transsynaptic increase in the amount of raf protein along with redistribution. The intranuclear translocation of the immunoreactive material started from the perinucleolar rim and with time extended throughout the nucleus. Enhanced levels and altered redistribution of the raf polypeptide in the nuclei of pyramidal cells of the CA3 subfleld appears to be reversible and returns to the normal level 12 days following the ischemic insult. In addition to triggering the above changes in the intracellular redistribution of raf, ischemie insult also caused an increase in the level of B-raf protein in reactive astrocytes. 相似文献
75.
Distinct Leishmania braziliensis isolates induce different paces of chemokine expression patterns 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Teixeira MJ Fernandes JD Teixeira CR Andrade BB Pompeu ML Santana da Silva J Brodskyn CI Barral-Netto M Barral A 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(2):1191-1195
Inflammatory events during Leishmania braziliensis infection in mice were investigated. Large lesions were directly correlated with the inflammatory reaction but not with parasite burden. Different L. braziliensis strains induce different paces of chemokine expression patterns, leading to diverse cell recruitment and differential inflammatory responses. 相似文献
76.
Analysis of the immune response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in experimentally infected calves
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Koo HC Park YH Hamilton MJ Barrington GM Davies CJ Kim JB Dahl JL Waters WR Davis WC 《Infection and immunity》2004,72(12):6870-6883
Johne's disease of cattle is widespread and causes significant economic loss to producers. Control has been hindered by limited understanding of the immune response to the causative agent, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, and lack of an effective vaccine and sensitive specific diagnostic assays. The present study was conducted to gain insight into factors affecting the immune response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. A persistent proliferative response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis purified protein derivative and soluble M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens was detected in orally infected neonatal calves 6 months postinfection (p.i.) by flow cytometry (FC). CD4(+) T cells with a memory phenotype (CD45R0(+)) expressing CD25 and CD26 were the predominant cell type responding to antigens. Few CD8(+) T cells proliferated in response to antigens until 18 months p.i. gammadelta T cells did not appear to respond to antigen until 18 months p.i. The majority of WC1(+) CD2(-) and a few WC1(-) CD2(+) gammadelta T cells expressed CD25 at time zero. By 18 months, however, subsets of gammadelta T cells from both control and infected animals showed an increase in expression of CD25, ACT2, and CD26 in the presence of the antigens. Two populations of CD3(-) non-T non-B null cells, CD2(+) and CD2(-), proliferated in cell cultures from some control and infected animals during the study, with and without antigen. The studies clearly show multicolor FC offers a consistent reliable way to monitor the evolution and changes in the immune response to M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis that occur during disease progression. 相似文献
77.
Kazuto Yamada Takaaki Tanaka Masahiko Mori Airo Tsubura Sotokichi Morii Mikio Tsubone Chiaki Ando Jo Hilgers 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1989,415(6):509-521
Summary MAM-3 and MAM-6 antigens of human milk fat globule membrane were detected immunohistochemically in 93 cases of salivary gland tumours as well as in normal glands. The antigens were visualized in 10% formalin-fixed paraffin sections. MAM-3 (MoAbs 115G3, 67D11) antigen was distributed in intercalated and striated duct cells of the normal salivary glands, and in luminal tumour cells and squamous metaplastic cells of pleomorphic adenomas. In pleomorphic adenomas the frequency of positive staining with MoAb 67D11 (54/67; 80.6%) was higher than that with MoAb 115G3 (36/67; 53.7%). MAM-6 (MoAbs 115D8, 115F5) antigen was expressed in luminal and lateral borders of serous acinar cells and ductal of the normal glands, and also in luminal borders of tubulo-ductal and glandular structures of salivary gland tumours. Ductal basal cells were characterized by existence of positive staining for MAM-6 antigen, in adenolymphomas MAM-6 antigen was restricted to the basal tumour cells. Some mucous cells of mucoepidermoid tumours were stained specifically with MoAb 115G3, and epidermoid cells of mucoepidermoid carcinomas manifested MAM-6 antigen staining. Immunohistochemical localization of MAM-6 antigen resembled that of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) detected with MoAb. 相似文献
78.
Jo EK Wang Y Kanegane H Futatani T Song CH Park JK Kim JS Kim DS Ahn KM Lee SI Park HJ Hahn YS Lee JH Miyawaki T 《Journal of human genetics》2003,48(6):322-326
Mutations in the Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) gene are responsible for X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). We identified BTK mutations in six patients with presumed XLA from unrelated Korean families. Four out of six mutations were novel: two missense
mutations (P565T, C154Y), a point mutation in a splicing donor site (IVS11+1G>A), and a large deletion (a 6.1-kb deletion
including BTK exons 11–18). The large deletion, identified by long-distance PCR, revealed Alu-Alu mediated recombination extended from an Alu sequence in intron 10 to another Alu sequence in intron 18, spanning a distance of 6.1 kb. The two known mutations consisted of one missense (G462D) mutation,
and a point mutation in a splicing acceptor site (IVS7−9A>G). This study suggests that large genomic rearrangements involving Alu repeats are few but an important component of the spectrum of BTK mutations. 相似文献
79.
In the present study, serotonin (5-HT) responses of hippocampal pyramidal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) neurons were studied in rats subjected twice daily for 21 days to unpredictable stressors. In hippocampal tissue from thus stressed rats mRNA expression of the 5-HT(1A) receptor and mineralo- as well as glucocorticoid receptors were examined with in situ hybridization. On average, stressed rats displayed increased adrenal weight and attenuated body weight gain compared with controls, supporting that the animals had experienced increased corticosterone levels due to the stress exposure. One day after the last stressor, under conditions that corticosterone levels were low (predominant mineralocorticoid receptor activation), the 5-HT(1A) receptor mediated hyperpolarization of CA1 neurons in response to 10 microM 5-HT was significantly reduced compared with controls. Basal membrane properties of CA1 cells in stressed rats were comparable to those of controls. The 5-HT(1A) receptor mRNA expression was not changed after chronic stress exposure, in any of the hippocampal areas. A small but significant increase in mineralocorticoid receptor mRNA expression was observed after stress in the dentate gyrus, while glucocorticoid receptor expression was unchanged. The data indicate that unpredictable stress exposure for 3 weeks results in suppression of 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated responses, possibly due to posttranslational modification of the receptor. 相似文献
80.
Genetic relationship between Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from nasopharyngeal and cerebrospinal fluid of two infants with Pneumococcal Meningitis
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de Andrade AL Pimenta FC Brandileone MC Laval CA Guerra ML de Andrade JG Di Fabio JL 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2003,41(8):3970-3972
The molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from carriage and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concurrently recovered from the same individual has not yet been reported. By using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we demonstrated the genetic linkage among strains from CSF and nasopharynges of two children with pneumococcal meningitis. 相似文献