全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2733篇 |
免费 | 116篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 26篇 |
儿科学 | 41篇 |
妇产科学 | 20篇 |
基础医学 | 269篇 |
口腔科学 | 57篇 |
临床医学 | 171篇 |
内科学 | 612篇 |
皮肤病学 | 105篇 |
神经病学 | 138篇 |
特种医学 | 103篇 |
外科学 | 660篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
预防医学 | 113篇 |
眼科学 | 17篇 |
药学 | 189篇 |
中国医学 | 7篇 |
肿瘤学 | 315篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 39篇 |
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 54篇 |
2017年 | 56篇 |
2016年 | 52篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 63篇 |
2013年 | 67篇 |
2012年 | 123篇 |
2011年 | 157篇 |
2010年 | 100篇 |
2009年 | 74篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 130篇 |
2006年 | 114篇 |
2005年 | 119篇 |
2004年 | 120篇 |
2003年 | 120篇 |
2002年 | 110篇 |
2001年 | 83篇 |
2000年 | 70篇 |
1999年 | 54篇 |
1998年 | 21篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 37篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 34篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 49篇 |
1987年 | 47篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 39篇 |
1984年 | 42篇 |
1983年 | 42篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 25篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 22篇 |
1973年 | 18篇 |
1972年 | 39篇 |
1971年 | 31篇 |
1970年 | 31篇 |
1969年 | 33篇 |
1968年 | 26篇 |
1967年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有2864条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
992.
Fukui S Fujita J Tsujimura M Sumikawa Y Hayashi Y 《International journal of nursing studies》2011,48(11):1393-1400
Objectives
To identify factors influencing the place of death among home palliative cancer care patients, focusing on the role of nurses in terms of pre- and post-discharge from hospital to home care settings.Design, settings and participants
A cross-sectional nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted at 1000 randomly selected homecare agencies in Japan. The questionnaires were completed by primary community nurses of home palliative patients just after their discharge. A total of 568 responses were analyzed (effective response rate, 69%).Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed the following independent factors of place of death among those patients: desire for home death at referral by both patient and family caregiver; caregiver relationship to patient as daughter or daughter-in-law; totally bedridden functional status of patient; patient not suffering from depression and/or anxiety at referral; patients and caregivers duly informed about the dying process/death in detail, as well as instructed by community nurses about pain management and how to treat/prevent bedsores in home care settings.Conclusions
This study demonstrated the importance of both the hospital and community nurses’ role in increasing the patients’ chance of dying at home. Hospital nurses should support early transfer to home palliative care according to their assessment of the desire of patient/family caregiver for home death, the patients’ clinical status, and caregivers’ ability to provide patient care at home. Community nurses should inform patients/family caregiver in detail about the dying process/death just after discharge, relieve patient pain, treat/prevent bedsores, and instruct family caregivers on their symptom control. 相似文献993.
Tews MC Wyte CM Coltman M Grekin PA Hiller K Oyama LC Pandit K Manthey DE 《Academic emergency medicine》2011,18(Z2):S36-S40
Emergency medicine (EM) educators have published several curricular guides designed for medical student rotations and experiences. These guides primarily provided brief overviews of opportunities to incorporate EM into all 4 years of the medical student curriculum, with one specific to the fourth year. However, there are no published guidelines specific to third-year medical students rotating in EM. Given the differences between third-year and fourth-year students in terms of clinical experience, knowledge, and skills, the Clerkship Directors in Emergency Medicine (CDEM) established the Third-year EM Medical Student Curriculum Work Group to create a third-year curriculum. The work group began this process by developing consensus-based recommendations for the content of a third-year medical student EM rotation, which are presented in this syllabus. 相似文献
994.
Abe S Nagasaka K Hirayama Y Kozuka-Hata H Oyama M Aoyagi Y Obuse C Hirota T 《Genes & development》2011,25(8):863-874
The cell cycle transition from interphase into mitosis is best characterized by the appearance of condensed chromosomes that become microscopically visible as thread-like structures in nuclei. Biochemically, launching the mitotic program requires the activation of the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), but whether and how Cdk1 triggers chromosome assembly at mitotic entry are not well understood. Here we report that mitotic chromosome assembly in prophase depends on Cdk1-mediated phosphorylation of the condensin II complex. We identified Thr 1415 of the CAP-D3 subunit as a Cdk1 phosphorylation site, which proved crucial as it was required for the Polo kinase Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1) to localize to chromosome axes through binding to CAP-D3 and thereby hyperphosphorylate the condensin II complex. Live-cell imaging analysis of cells carrying nonphosphorylatable CAP-D3 mutants in place of endogenous protein suggested that phosphorylation of Thr 1415 is required for timely chromosome condensation during prophase, and that the Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of condensin II facilitates its ability to assemble chromosomes properly. These observations provide an explanation for how Cdk1 induces chromosome assembly in cells entering mitosis, and underscore the significance of the cooperative action of Plk1 with Cdk1. 相似文献
995.
Hematopoietic stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes: induction of tolerance and islet cell neogenesis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Diabetes is a chronic disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Pancreas or islet cell transplantation is limited by a shortage of donors and chronic immune suppression to prevent allograft rejection. Consequently, interest exists in islet cell neogenesis from embryonic or mesenchymal stem cell as a possible cure for diabetes. However, unless tolerance to islet cells is re-established, diabetes treated by islet cell transplantation would remain a chronic disease secondary to immune suppression related morbidity. If islet cell tolerance could be re-induced, a major clinical hurdle to curing diabetes by islet cell neogenesis may be overcome. Recent studies suggest that adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) can reintroduce tolerance to auto-antigens. It is possible that HSC may also be able to switch lineage and, therefore, be a convenient source of stem cells for both inducing tolerance and islet cell regeneration. 相似文献
996.
Satoshi Igawa Masashi Kasajima Mikiko Ishihara Michiko Kimura Yasuhiro Hiyoshi Hideyuki Niwa Seiichiro Kusuhara Shinya Harada Maiko Asakuma Sakiko Otani Ken Katono Jiichiro Sasaki Noriyuki Masuda 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》2014,74(5):939-946
Background
Exon 19 deletions and L858R point mutation are the most commonly encountered active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and they predict greater efficacy of gefitinib therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether body surface area (BSA) affects the efficacy of gefitinib in patients with NSCLC harboring an active EGFR mutation.Methods
We reviewed the medical records of consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC harboring an active EGFR mutation who received gefitinib monotherapy. The median BSA value was used as the cutoff value to evaluate the impact of BSA on the efficacy of gefitinib.Results
The median BSA of the 103 NSCLC patients harboring an active EGFR mutation was 1.45 m2. The overall response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and median survival time (MST) were 65.0 %, 11.3 months, and 26.2 months, respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the high-BSA group (BSA ≥ 1.45 m2) and low-BSA group (BSA < 1.45 m2), i.e., the response rates was 60.0 % and 69.8 %, respectively (P = 0.20), and their MST was 24.7 and 26.2 months, respectively (P = 0.78). Although BSA was predictive of PFS between high-BSA group and low-BSA group in the univariate analysis (9.0 and 12.2 months, P = 0.04), the multivariate analysis identified only performance status and smoking status as independent predictors of PFS.Conclusions
The efficacy of gefitinib in patients with NSCLC harboring an EGFR mutation does not differ according to their BSA. 相似文献997.
Yoshiyuki Yukawa Shinya Ohashi Yusuke Amanuma Yukie Nakai Mihoko Tsurumaki Osamu Kikuchi Shin’ichi Miyamoto Tsunehiro Oyama Toshihiro Kawamoto Tsutomu Chiba Tomonari Matsuda Manabu Muto 《American journal of cancer research》2014,4(3):279-284
Ethanol and its metabolite, acetaldehyde, are the definite carcinogens for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and reduced catalytic activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which detoxifies acetaldehyde, increases the risk for ESCC. However, it remains unknown whether the ALDH2 genotype influences the level of acetaldehyde-derived DNA damage in the esophagus after ethanol ingestion. In the present study, we administered ethanol orally or intraperitoneally to Aldh2-knockout and control mice, and we quantified the level of acetaldehyde-derived DNA damage, especially N2-ethylidene-2’-deoxyguanosine (N2-ethylidene-dG), in the esophagus. In the model of oral ethanol administration, the esophageal N2-ethylidene-dG level was significantly higher in Aldh2-knockout mice compared with control mice. Similarly, in the model of intraperitoneal ethanol administration, in which the esophagus is not exposed directly to the alcohol solution, the esophageal N2-ethylidene-dG level was also elevated in Aldh2-knockout mice. This result indicates that circulating ethanol-derived acetaldehyde causes esophageal DNA damage, and that the extent of damage is influenced by knockout of Aldh2. Taken together, our findings strongly suggest the importance of acetaldehyde-derived DNA damage which is induced in the esophagus of individuals with ALDH2 gene impairment. This provides a physiological basis for understanding alcohol-related esophageal carcinogenesis. 相似文献
998.
Atsushi Isoda Kyoichi Kaira Masanori Iwashina Noboru Oriuchi Hideyuki Tominaga Shushi Nagamori Yoshikatsu Kanai Tetsunari Oyama Takayuki Asao Morio Matsumoto Morio Sawamura 《Cancer science》2014,105(11):1496-1502
L‐type amino‐acid transporter 1 (LAT1) plays a key role in cell growth and survival. To determine the prognostic significance of LAT1 in multiple myeloma (MM), we investigated the expression of LAT1 and its functional subunit, 4Fc heavy chain (CD98), on myeloma cells by immunohistochemistry in 100 newly diagnosed MM patients. High expression (moderate or strong staining intensity) of LAT1 and CD98 was detected in 56% and 45% of patients, respectively. The LAT1 expression score was positively correlated with Ki‐67 index (r = 0.631, P < 0.001), and there was a statistically significant difference in Durie–Salmon stage between patients with high and low LAT1 expression (P = 0.03). In 43 patients treated with melphalan and prednisolone, the overall response rate was significantly higher in the high LAT1 expression group (60.0%) than in the low LAT1 expression group (17.6%) (P = 0.03). Multivariate analysis confirmed that high expression of LAT1 was a significant prognostic factor for predicting poor overall survival independently from the International Staging System (both P = 0.01). Here, we show that the overexpression of LAT1 is significantly associated with high proliferation and poor prognosis in newly diagnosed MM patients. Thus, LAT1 may be a promising pathological marker for identifying high‐risk MM. 相似文献
999.
M Toyoda K Kaira Y Ohshima N S Ishioka M Shino K Sakakura Y Takayasu K Takahashi H Tominaga N Oriuchi S Nagamori Y Kanai T Oyama K Chikamatsu 《British journal of cancer》2014,110(10):2506-2513
Background:
Amino-acid transporters are necessary for the tumour cell growth and survival, and have a crucial role in the development and invasiveness of cancer cells. But, it remains unclear about the prognostic significance of L-type amino-acid transporter 1 (LAT1), system ASC amino-acid transporter-2 (ASCT2), and xCT expression in patients with tongue cancer. We conducted the clinicopathological study to investigate the protein expression of these amino-acid transporters in tongue cancer.Methods:
Eighty-five patients with surgically resected tongue cancer were evaluated. Tumour sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for LAT1, ASCT2, xCT, 4F2hc/CD98hc (4F2hc), Ki-67, and microvessel density (MVD) determined by CD34, and p53.Results:
L-type amino-acid transporter 1 and 4F2hc were highly expressed in 61% (52 out of 85) and 45% (38 out of 47), respectively. ASC amino-acid transporter-2 and xCT were positively expressed in 59% (50 out of 85) and 21% (18 out of 85), respectively. The expression of both LAT1 and ASCT2 was significantly associated with disease staging, lymph-node metastasis, lymphatic permeation, 4F2hc expression and cell proliferation (Ki-67). xCT expression indicated a significant association with advanced stage and tumour factor. By univariate analysis, disease staging, lymphatic permeation, vascular invasion, LAT1, ASCT2, 4F2hc, and Ki-67 had a significant relationship with overall survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed that LAT1 was an independent prognostic factor for predicting poor prognosis.Conclusions:
L-type amino-acid transporter 1 and ASCT2 can serve as a significant prognostic factor for predicting worse outcome after surgical treatment and may have an important role in the development and aggressiveness of tongue cancer. 相似文献1000.
Oyama G Foote KD Jacobson CE Velez-Lago F Go C Limotai N Zeilman PR Romrell J Wu SS Neal D Okun MS 《Parkinsonism & related disorders》2012,18(7):814-818
ObjectivesTo compare subthalamic nucleus (STN) to globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) for control of motor fluctuations and for potential dyskinesia-suppressing qualities.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective database review of all patients who underwent GPi or STN DBS for idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Direct dyskinesia suppression (dDS) was defined as improvement in dyskinesia subscore of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV (items 32–34), despite lack of reduction in dopaminergic medication dosage. We analyzed the data using methods appropriate for a case–control study.ResultsA total of 133 patients were evaluated. At the last evaluation Dyskinesia scores and motor fluctuations significantly improved in both the GPi (p < 0.0001) and STN groups (p < 0.0001). The GPi group was more likely than the STN group to experience dDS (odds ratio = 1.95, 95% CI = 0.556, 3.21). However, the association between DBS target and dDS was not statistically significant (Pearson chi-square = 2.286, p = 0.131).ConclusionsThe overall clinical outcome of STN and GPi DBS for control of dyskinesia and motor fluctuations was similar. STN and GPi DBS both had some direct dyskinesia suppression effects. 相似文献