Parent-rated behavior problems associated with overweight before and after controlling for sleep disordered breathing

Background  

Researchers and clinicians are seeking to develop efficacious behavioral interventions to treat overweight children; however, few studies have documented the behavioral correlates of overweight children in community samples. The goal of this study was to determine the nature and prevalence of behavior problems for overweight school-aged children versus normal weight peers before and after controlling for the effect of sleep disordered breathing.     

高危妊娠产前联合监测的临床应用评价

目的比较和评价胎动计数、胎心监护、胎儿生物物理相评分、胎儿脐动脉血流速度比值及羊水监测5项监测技术在高危妊娠产前监护中对胎儿预后的监测效果和临床应用价值。方法对734例高危孕妇常规进行前4项胎儿监测技术联合监护，并定期复查，在自然破膜或人工破膜后观察羊水的量和性质，将分娩前1周内最后一次检查结果与新生儿娩出后1分钟和5分钟的Apgar计分作对照。结果上述5项监测技术中，胎动计数的监测效果比较可靠（P〈0．05）；羊水监测效果与其相似，但使用范围受限；其余3项技术的监测效果相对差于前者，联合监测效果最佳（P〈0．01）。结论为加强高危妊娠的监测效果，提高各项临测技术的临床使用价值，应采用多项监测技术对高危妊娠进行联合和动态监测。     

RP-HPLC法测定比沙可啶片剂含量及有关物质

目的建立RP-HPLC法测定比沙可啶片剂含量及有关物质。方法色谱柱为Hypersil ODS C18(300mm×4mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(45∶55)为流动相,流速为1.0mL/min,进样量为10μL,检测波长为265nm。结果比沙可啶浓度在0.115～1.150g/L范围内,色谱峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,r=0.9999;线性范围内3个浓度的平均回收率(n=3)分别为99.2%(RSD=0.68%)、99.3%(RSD=0.21%)和99.1%(RSD=0.87%)。样品中有关物质检查符合质量要求。结论该方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好,可用于比沙可啶片剂的含量测定和有关物质检查。     

Insights into oxazaphosphorine resistance and possible approaches to its circumvention.

The oxazaphosphorines cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and trofosfamide remain a clinically useful class of anticancer drugs with substantial antitumour activity against a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A major limitation to their use is tumour resistance, which is due to multiple mechanisms that include increased DNA repair, increased cellular thiol levels, glutathione S-transferase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, and altered cell-death response to DNA damage. These mechanisms have been recently re-examined with the aid of sensitive analytical techniques, high-throughput proteomic and genomic approaches, and powerful pharmacogenetic tools. Oxazaphosphorine resistance, together with dose-limiting toxicity (mainly neutropenia and neurotoxicity), significantly hinders chemotherapy in patients, and hence, there is compelling need to find ways to overcome it. Four major approaches are currently being explored in preclinical models, some also in patients: combination with agents that modulate cellular response and disposition of oxazaphosphorines; antisense oligonucleotides directed against specific target genes; introduction of an activating gene (CYP3A4) into tumor tissue; and modification of dosing regimens. Of these approaches, antisense oligonucleotides and gene therapy are perhaps more speculative, requiring detailed safety and efficacy studies in preclinical models and in patients. A fifth approach is the design of novel oxazaphosphorines that have favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and are less vulnerable to resistance. Oxazaphosphorines not requiring hepatic CYP-mediated activation (for example, NSC 613060 and mafosfamide) or having additional targets (for example, glufosfamide that also targets glucose transport) have been synthesized and are being evaluated for safety and efficacy. Characterization of the molecular targets associated with oxazaphosphorine resistance may lead to a deeper understanding of the factors critical to the optimal use of these agents in chemotherapy and may allow the development of strategies to overcome resistance.     

激光捕获显微切割结合RNA线性扩增技术在膀胱移行细胞癌相关基因研究中的应用

目的当对有间质细胞混杂的膀胱移行上皮细胞与膀胱移行细胞癌进行基因差异表达分析时,激光捕获显微切割技术(lasercap-turemicrodissection,LCM)是不可缺少的,然而从LCM所得的细胞中获取足够RNA量相当困难。本文首次将LCM与RNA线性扩增结合用于膀胱癌相关基因研究,目的是确定一条切实可行的技术路线,将膀胱移行上皮细胞从膀胱粘膜中分离出来,将膀胱癌细胞从肿瘤间质细胞中分离出来,并对其进行RNA体外线性扩增,以备进一步研究。方法采用LCM技术分别从正常膀胱粘膜及膀胱癌组织冰冻切片中获取膀胱移行上皮细胞及膀胱癌细胞,提取RNA,并对微量RNA进行体外线性扩增。然后用RT-PCR验证扩增前、后RNA中β-actin基因表达水平。结果对照实验I证实经LCM后RNA完整性较好;经对照实验Ⅱ初步确定设定条件下LCMshooting次数与可获得RNA量间对应关系。从膀胱粘膜种捕获膀胱移行上皮细胞25万shootings;从膀胱癌组织中获取癌细胞20万shootings。产物RNA扩增后获得片段大小为0.5-2.5kh的aRNA,且β-actin基因表达表达完整。结论LCM结合RNA体外线性扩增技术能成功地获取较为单一的研究目的细胞,扩增后RNA完整性较好,能用于进一步研究中。     

中医论治不寐

不寐，是指经常不能获得正常睡眠为特征的一种病症。表现为入睡困难，时常觉醒，睡而不稳或醒后不能再睡：晨醒过早，夜不能睡；睡眠时间不足5小时。临床常伴有心悸、多梦、健忘、记忆力下降、遗精、月经不调等证候群。近年来，对失眠的报道较多，但大多数各自为政，所用的治疗方法和用药是个人经验。现将近年来所报道的进行综述，以供临床用药参考。     

乙酸奥曲肽中有机溶剂残留量的毛细管GC测定

建立了毛细管气相色谱法测定乙酸奥曲肽中有机溶剂乙醚、甲醇、二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的含量.用HP-Innowax毛细管柱,程序升温的方法.各组分的线性范围分别为25～300、25～300、15～180和25～300μg/ml(r均大于0.999).平均回收率分别为99.7%、99.5%、99.3%和99.2%.检测限分别为1、1、0.6和1ng.     

血清中异丙酚的HPLC测定

建立了检测血清中异丙酚的反相高效液相色谱-荧光法.血清样品经含内标百里酚的丙酮溶液直接沉淀后,采用KR100-5 C18柱,甲醇-0.1%三氟醋酸溶液(80:20)为流动相,荧光激发波长为276nm,发射波长为307nm.异丙酚在0.05～12.8μg/ml范围内与峰面积比线性关系良好.检测限为150pg,异丙酚和百里酚的提取回收率均大于90%,批内、批间精密度为1.11%～6.88%.     

中医药治疗血尿的临床体会

针对肾脏疾病血尿病程长、症情复杂、兼症多和易反复等特点，结合医案介绍了沈庆法教授运用中医药治疗血尿的临床经验和用药体会。     

基于化学成分与肠道菌群探讨消癌解毒方中黄连-乌梅药对的配伍机制

目的 探讨黄连-乌梅药对与消癌解毒方水煎液中部分生物碱类成分的含量差异,并比较药对与全方对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 采用Extend-C₁₈(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm)色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水（A）-乙腈（B）进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温35 ℃,进样量2 μL;离子化模式为电喷雾离子化（ESI）,以正离子模式检测,开展方法学验证和含量测定研究。按照给药不同将小鼠分为正常组、全方高浓度组、全方低浓度组、药对高浓度组和药对低浓度组,连续灌胃给药7 d,每组分别收集粪便样本,进行16S rRNA基因测序。结果 建立的含量测定方法在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法学验证结果均符合相关要求,木兰花碱与非洲防己碱在黄连、药对以及全方中的含量分别为:(4.433±0.133)(8.905±0.154) mg/g,（3.545±0.033）（9.170±0.051） mg/g,（5.287±0.038）（13.861±0.690） mg/g。全方组和药对组中拟杆菌门Bacteroides的丰度均高于正常组,而全方组和药对组中厚壁菌门Firmicutes的丰度均低于正常组。药对高浓度组中的疣微菌门Verrucomicrobia和变形菌门Proteobacteria的丰度高于其他组。结论 液质联用方法和相关参数简便、可靠,可用于有关成分的含量检测。与单味药中含量相比,经过药对配伍后,非洲防己碱含量增加,而木兰花碱含量则略有降低;经过全方配伍后,2种成分的含量均增加。此外,肠道菌群实验表明无论是药对还是全方在给药后,会不同程度地影响肠道菌群内部占比改变,其可能对调节肠道系统平衡,具有一定帮助作用,从而为进一步阐释黄连-乌梅在消癌解毒方中配伍机制提供了参考和依据。