Relationship between calcitonin gene-related peptide and endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

在糖尿病大鼠，检测血浆降钙素基因相关肽（ＣＧＲＰ）含量的变化，并探讨其与血管内皮舒张功能的关系．糖尿病大鼠血浆ＣＧＲＰ的含量显著低于对照组（０．２２±０．０８ｖｓ０．３７±０．１３μｇ·Ｌ－１，Ｐ＜０．０１），但丙二醛含量显著增加；糖尿病大鼠胸主动脉对乙酰胆碱诱导内皮依赖性舒张反应显著降低．结果提示：糖尿病大鼠血管内皮舒张功能的削弱与血浆ＣＧＲＰ含量的下降有关．     

Anisomycin induces glioma cell death via down-regulation of PP2A catalytic subunit in vitro

Aim:

To examine the effects of anisomycin on glioma cells and the related mechanisms in vitro.

Methods:

The U251 and U87 human glioblastoma cell lines were tested. The growth of the cells was analyzed using a CCK-8 cell viability assay. Apoptosis was detected using a flow cytometry assay. The expression of proteins and phosphorylated kinases was detected using Western blotting.

Results:

Treatment of U251 and U87 cells with anisomycin (0.01–8 μmol/L) inhibited the cell growth in time- and concentration-dependent manners (the IC₅₀ values at 48 h were 0.233±0.021 and 0.192±0.018 μmol/L, respectively). Anisomycin (4 μmol/L) caused 21.5%±2.2% and 25.3%±3.1% of apoptosis proportion, respectively, in U251 and U87 cells. In the two cell lines, anisomycin (4 μmol/L) activated p38 MAPK and JNK, and inactivated ERK1/2. However, neither the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (10 μmol/L) nor the JNK inhibitor SP600125 (10 μmol/L) prevented anisomycin-induced cell death. On the other hand, anisomycin (4 μmol/L) reduced the level of PP2A/C subunit (catalytic subunit) in a time-dependent manner in the two cell lines. Treatment of the two cell lines with the PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (100 nmol/L) caused marked cell death.

Conclusion:

Anisomycin induces glioma cell death via down-regulation of PP2A catalytic subunit. The regulation of PP2A/C exression by anisomycin provides a clue to further study on its role in glioma therapy.     

GLP-1及其衍生物在心血管系统中的生理功能

心血管疾病是2型糖尿病患者的主要死亡原因之一。越来越多的动物实验和临床研究显示胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）及GLP-1受体激动剂能通过激活细胞生存信号产生心血管保护效应,大幅度减少心肌缺血和再灌注损伤从而改善心功能障碍,降低心血管事件的发生率。本文总结了GLP-1在心血管事件（如高血压,心衰,餐后脂蛋白分泌）中起到的作用,讨论了其中的分子机理,并阐述了其作为糖尿病或非糖尿病患者一种新的减少心血管事件发生率的治疗方案的可能性。     

Chemical comparison and classification of Radix Astragali by determination of isoflavonoids and astragalosides

Eleven major isoflavonoids and three major astragalosides in the xylem and bark of cultivated Radix Astragali (RA) from different cultivated regions of China were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the contents of astragalosides in the bark are up to 74-fold higher than in the xylem, and that thin roots contained more astragalosides than thick roots. Although the contents of isoflavonoids varied between samples, no significant difference was observed between the isoflavonoids content of xylem and bark, or between that of thin and thick roots. It was also found that the chemical profile of isoflavonoids in the xylem and bark are related to their cultivated regions. Constituents in either xylem or bark were divided into five groups according to their chemical structures: (1) Group 1 (G1), contained calycosin and related constituents; (2) Group 2 (G2), contained ononin and related constituents; (3) Group 3 (G3), contained (6aR,11aR)-3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpan and related constituents; (4) Group 4 (G4), contained (3R)-7,2′-dihydroxy-3′,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan and related constituents; and (5) Group 5 (G5), contained astragalosides, compounds AG I, AG II, and AG IV. Based on the integrated contents of constituents in each group, the cultivated region of RA was successfully distinguished by principal components analysis (PCA). Chemical constituents in RA cultivated from different regions of China were compared and it was concluded that the quality of thin RA roots is better than thick RA roots.     

内蒙古赤芍化学成分的HPLC—DAD／ESI—MS分析

目的:利用液-质联用技术定性分析内蒙古赤芍药材中的化学成分。方法:以甲醇回流提取内蒙古赤芍药材。高效液相色谱条件:色谱柱为 Zorbax sB-C~(18)柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相0.2%的醋酸水溶液(A)-0.2%醋酸乙腈溶液(B),梯度洗脱,流速0.5 mL·min~(-1),柱温30℃,二极管阵列检测器(DAD),检测波长230 nm。质谱条件:负离子模式扫描,扫描范围100～2000 amu;氮气流速10 L·min~(-1),雾化温度350 ℃,毛细管电压3500 V,裂解电压100 V。结果:通过高效液相色谱将赤芍化学成分较好地分离,根据紫外光谱可大致判断其化合物类型,由电喷雾质谱得到各成分的相对分子质量,进而推测出其中13个主要成分的可能结构。结论:液-质联用技术能快速定性研究赤芍药材中的化学成分,为赤芍指纹图谱的优化和质量标准的制定提供依据。     

五味子中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂对小鼠的降血糖作用

目的探讨五味子所含α 葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的体内活性。方法以 1 0 0mg/(kg·d)剂量灌胃 ,观察其对小鼠血糖含量以及糖耐量的影响。结果该抑制剂能明显降低正常及四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的血糖 ,降低肾上腺素引起的高血糖 ,提高正常小鼠的糖耐量。结论从中药五味子中分离得到的α 葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂可能具有良好的降糖作用。     

丁基苯酞对慢性脑缺血老龄大鼠海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究丁基苯酞对老龄大鼠慢性脑缺血后大脑海马中胆碱乙酰基转移酶(Chat)mRNA表达的影响.方法:50只大鼠随机分为5组,每组10只.其中4组永久性结扎双侧颈总动脉(2VO)制作慢性脑缺血模型.对照组除不结扎2VO外,其他操作同前.预防用药组于术前1个月按80 mg/kg给予丁基苯酞每d灌胃,高、低剂量药物组术后2个月分别按120 mg/kg、60 mg/kg给予丁基苯酞每d灌胃,丁基苯酞用花生油稀释至2 mL.模型组和对照组术后每d给予花生油2 mL.3个月后,应用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠大脑海马组织中Chat mRNA的表达.结果:对照组海马Chat mRNA的表达水平为(0.75±0.09),模型组为(0.31±0.11),高、低剂量药物组分别为(0.61±0.16)和(0.48±0.11),预防用药组为(0.44±0.16).与对照组比较,其他4组Chat mRNA的表达水平均低(P均＜0.05);高剂量药物组Chat mRNA的表达高于低剂量药物组和预防用药组(P均＜0.05),但该3组均高于模型组(P均＜0.05).结论:慢性脑缺血后大鼠海马Chat基因表达水平下降,丁基苯酞可使海马Chat mRNA表达水平提高.     

阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂的制备和评价

目的：制备并评价阿昔洛韦眼用pH敏感原位凝胶剂。方法：用旋转粘度计测定不同pH值、不同温度下制剂 的粘度,考察制剂的流变学特征;用荧光示踪法测定凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间;采用同体自身对照法考察凝胶剂的眼部刺 激性;采用Franz扩散池法考察了制剂的离体角膜渗透性能,采用HPLC法测定渗透药量。结果：所制备的阿昔洛韦原位 凝胶剂为假塑性流体,对兔眼无刺激;该原位凝胶剂的眼部滞留时间为（22.4±1.4）min,比阿昔洛韦滴眼液增加4.6 倍;兔离体角膜渗透实验结果表明,该原位凝胶剂在给药0.25 h以后各时间点的累积透过量均高于阿昔洛韦滴眼液,角 膜有一定的贮库作用。 结论：阿昔洛韦原位凝胶剂的刺激性低,眼部滞留时间长,具有一定的缓释效果。     

头孢噻吩在腹膜透析和血液透析病人中的药物动力学

本实验测定了4例腹膜透析和3例血液透析病人,在静注头孢噻吩后的药物动力学过程,并观察了7例腹膜透析病人,从腹腔途径给药后的吸收情况.资料提示;腹膜约能吸收50-60％的头孢噻吩;血液透析可有效地清除之,透析半衰期约2h,但腹膜透析对该药从血浆中的清除并无显著影响,8h透析仅排出给药量的10％左右.     

非小细胞肺癌患者EGFR检测的临床意义分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者外周血EGFR检测的临床意义。方法回顾性分析49例经病理证实为非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料,患者均通过高通量测序法行外周血EGFR检测,分析有无EGFR突变与性别、年龄、吸烟史、病理分型和分期以及药物治疗后病情的关系。结果不同性别、年龄组的EGFR突变率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;吸烟组的EGFR突变率高于不吸烟组（P〈0.05）。不同病理分型及分期肺癌的EGFR突变率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。EGFR无突变组服药后进展率高于EGFR突变组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 EGFR突变与患者的性别、年龄无关,与吸烟、病理分型及分期有关,EGFR突变者服药后疗效高于无突变者。