The Results of Questionnaire about Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in the Stomach

Isolated exfoliation method of gastric endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) as a new technique has not yet reached the popularity of the conventional EMR techniques. From the results of a questionnaire about EMR in the stomach, the isolated exfoliation method has the advantage of permitting en bloc and histologically complete resection regardless of lesion size. However, this method has the disadvantage of long performance time and high frequency of complication as well as the need for a high level of technical skill. New devices and ideas are needed for the development of the isolated exfoliation method.     

Contribution of perospirone and risperidone to reduce delirium in senile patients

Background: Serotonin–dopamine antagonists (SDAs) inhibit dopaminergic transmission in the mesolimbic system less than in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, which relates to the extrapyramidal side‐effects of these drugs. The SDAs seem to have an adequate receptor binding profile for the management of the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia. However, clinicians are discouraged from prescribing SDAs for elderly patients because of an advisory statement from the US Food and Drug Administration that warns about an increased mortality rate among elderly patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 16 elderly patients (mean age 84.9 years; range 67–94 years) with delirium who were treated with one of two SDAs, namely perospirone (4–12 mg/day) or risperidone (1–2 mg/day). The time‐course of their psychiatric symptoms was assessed using subcategories of the Delirium Rating Scale (DRS) before treatment and on Days 10 and 24 of treatment. Results: Total DRS scores were significantly decreased from baseline in both treatment groups. Both agents led to significant improvements from baseline in psychomotor behavior and lability of mood. Of interest, perospirone decreased hallucinations and delusions and improved sleep–awake cycle disturbances compared with baseline. No serious side‐effects were seen with either drug. Conclusions: Both perospirone and risperidone are effective in the management of delirium in elderly patients. The improvement in the sleep–awake cycle with perospirone may be derived from its short pharmacological half‐life.     

Inhibiting microbial adhesion to denture base acrylic resin by titanium dioxide coating

Summary Mechanical cleaning of dentures is effective in preventing infections such as aspiration pneumonia and denture stomatitis. For denture wearers with a physical handicap and the elderly, however, mechanical cleaning can present problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of coating denture base acrylic resin with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in the inhibition of oral microbial adhesion. We prepared uniformly sized acrylic resin plates (10 mm × 10 mm × 0·5 mm), which were divided into two groups (a non‐coated group and a TiO₂‐coated group). The plates were immersed in cultured Streptococcus sanguinis or Candida albicans and incubated for 24 h. After incubation, each plate was washed to remove loosely adherent microorganisms, and then incubated for a further 24 h. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content of the microorganisms was evaluated using a reagent containing benzalkonium, which extracts intra‐cellular ATP. In addition, to determine biofilm formation, we also observed each plate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We found that the ATP content of both S. sanguinis and C. albicans was reduced by the TiO₂ coating (P = 0·000). Observation by SEM confirmed that the TiO₂ coating inhibited biofilm formation. The results indicate that a TiO₂ coating on a denture base acrylic resin inhibits adhesion of S. sanguinis and C. albicans.     

Endoscopic Diagnosis of Early Malignant Lymphoma of the Stomach

Abstract: The findings and results obtained by endoscopies and direct vision biopsies carried out in 13 patients with early primary gastric lymphoma, were compared with those of 8 patients with RLH, 28 with depressed type of early gastric carcinoma, and 10 patients with benign gastric ulcers, to deal with problems inherent to endoscopic diagnosis of early primary gastric lymphoma The first endoscopy attained a correct diagnosis in only 1 patient (7.7%) but in 7 patients (53.8%) with the final endoscopy. Endoscopic features of early gastric lymphoma characteristically yielded a cobblestone appearance and reticulated erosion when they were compared with that of RLH, early carcinoma and benign ulcer. Furthermore, early gastric lymphoma presented ill demarcated margins associated with discoloration of the mucosa more frequently comparing with that of early gastric carcinoma. Also, hemorrhage, lustrous nodules, regulalr and white-coated ulcer were the findings more frequently seen in early gastric lymphoma but redness was less frequent in early gastric carcinoma. Dye endoscopies provided a more detailed appearance of the lesion and margins than conventional endoscopies. In addition, dye endoscopies made visible the lesions that were not visible by conventional endoscopies, in areas repelling dye solution. In this paper, the importance to pay an attention to the endoscopic findings described above and an application of dye endoscopy was emphasized for detection of an early gastric lymphoma.     

Evidence for the in Vivo Localization of Heterologous Anti-Leukocyte and Anti-Bone Marrow Antibodies in the Rat Bone Marrow

1. The intravenous injection of I¹³¹-labeled heterologous anti-leukocyte and anti-bone marrow antibodies into rats resulted in a high specific in vivolocalization in the bone marrow, indicating the presence of localizing anti-body.

2. No in vivo localization in lungs was demonstrated, in possible contrastto the earlier concept of pulmonary emboli of clumped leukocytes sensitizedwith antibodies in experimental immunoleukopenia.

3. Heterologous anti-leukocyte and anti-bone marrow antibodies injectedintravenously disappeared from plasma and fixed to peripheral leukocytesand bone marrow cells within 1 hour.

Submitted on June 25, 1962 Accepted on December 24, 1962     

Value of B-Scan Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Liver Cancer

Seventy-one patients with liver cancer were examined by B-scan ultrasonography. The presence of liver cancer was assumed through the irregularity and increased intensity of echos. The accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of liver cancer was 72%, while the diagnostic accuracy of scintigraphy was 85% and angiography 93%. No obvious correlation could be demonstrated between the ultrasonographic patterns and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Ultrasonography is a useful method of detecting liver cancer.