大学生口腔保健意识和饮食习惯的调查研究

目的了解在校大学生的口腔保健意识和饮食习惯,为完善口腔健康教育提供原始数据,探讨更优化的教育模式。方法采用分层抽样的方法,对四川大学1 500名大学生以问卷调查的形式对其口腔保健意识和饮食习惯进行调查。结果大学生主要为保持口气清新而刷牙,甜食食用频率主要为每周1～2次,数量集中在100～400 g,女生食用甜食的频率显著高于男生,而男生饮用饮料的频率和量更高,食用甜食后多数学生不做清洁措施,大多数学生在牙疼或变色时不会及时就诊,仅当疼痛难忍时才就医。结论大学生的口腔保健行为缺乏,食用甜食频率数量较高,就诊意识淡薄,学校等机构应该加强口腔保健知识的宣传和教育来提高大学生自我口腔保健意识。     

Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab

Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF-A has proven to be effective in inhibiting angiogenesis and vascular leak associated with cancers and various eye diseases. However, little information is currently available on the binding kinetics and relative biological activity of various VEGF inhibitors. Therefore, we have evaluated the binding kinetics of two anti-VEGF antibodies, ranibizumab and bevacizumab, and VEGF Trap (also known as aflibercept), a novel type of soluble decoy receptor, with substantially higher affinity than conventional soluble VEGF receptors. VEGF Trap bound to all isoforms of human VEGF-A tested with subpicomolar affinity. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab also bound human VEGF-A, but with markedly lower affinity. The association rate for VEGF Trap binding to VEGF-A was orders of magnitude faster than that measured for bevacizumab and ranibizumab. Similarly, in cell-based bioassays, VEGF Trap inhibited the activation of VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, as well as VEGF-A induced calcium mobilization and migration in human endothelial cells more potently than ranibizumab or bevacizumab. Only VEGF Trap bound human PlGF and VEGF-B, and inhibited VEGFR1 activation and HUVEC migration induced by PlGF. These data differentiate VEGF Trap from ranibizumab and bevacizumab in terms of its markedly higher affinity for VEGF-A, as well as its ability to bind VEGF-B and PlGF.     

吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂经肝动脉化疗栓塞防治肝癌术后复发

目的:探讨吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂经肝动脉化疗栓塞(transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,TACE)在防治肝癌高危患者术后复发中的价值.方法:回顾性分析肝癌术后复发高危患者120例,88例术后3-6wk接受TACE治疗为TACE组,其中43例采用吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂组成的GEMOX方案(GEMOX组),45例使用传统化疗药物方案(对照组);32例因其他原因未接受TACE治疗作为为单纯手术组.通过6mo、12mo的随访,比较各组6mo、12mo术后复发率.结果:TACE组术后6mo、12mo肝内复发率(20.5%、43.8%)明显低于单纯手术组(37.5%、59.4%),两者均有统计学意义(χ2=6.512、4.573,P<0.05).在TACE组中,GEMOX组6mo术后复发率(11.6%)较对照组(28.9%)低,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.026,P<0.05),两组12mo术后复发率无明显差异(χ2=0.876,P>0.05);在TACE不良反应中,GEMOX组白细胞减少及恶心、呕吐发生率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.156、-2.295,P<0.05).结论:对肝癌术后复发高危患者进行预防性TACE有助于减少或延缓术后近期复发率,吉西他滨联合奥沙利铂方案疗效更佳.     

漱口液浓度递增对扁桃体手术患儿漱口依从性的影响

目的提高扁桃体手术患儿漱口依从性,促进伤口愈合。方法将111例扁桃体手术患儿随机分为实验组(54例)和对照组(57例)。均行常规护理和采用复方硼砂溶液漱口。对照组入院即用硼砂原液漱口至出院后2周;实验组采取浓度递增的方法即入院第1天用硼砂原液与蒸馏水按1∶3配制,第2天用1∶1比例配制,第3天用硼砂原液漱口至出院后2周。结果实验组住院期间及出院后1周漱口依从性显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),伤口愈合良好率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。擅自减药、停药及拒绝服药为主要不依从表现,家长忘记、担心药物不良反应及患儿不配合、不愿坚持为主要原因。结论对扁桃体手术患儿采取漱口液浓度递增的方法可提高患儿漱口的依从性,从而促进伤口愈合。     

DSM-IV personality disorders and associations with externalizing and internalizing disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Background

Although associations between personality disorders and psychiatric disorders are well established in general population studies, their association with liability dimensions for externalizing and internalizing disorders has not been fully assessed. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between personality disorders (PDs) and lifetime externalizing and internalizing Axis I disorders.

Methods

Data were obtained from the total sample of 34,653 respondents from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Drawing on the literature, a 3-factor exploratory structural equation model was selected to simultaneously assess the measurement relations among DSM-IV Axis I substance use and mood and anxiety disorders and the structural relations between the latent internalizing–externalizing dimensions and DSM-IV PDs, adjusting for gender, age, race/ethnicity, and marital status.

Results

Antisocial, histrionic, and borderline PDs were strong predictors for the externalizing factor, while schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PDs had significantly larger effects on the internalizing fear factor when compared to the internalizing misery factor. Paranoid, schizoid, narcissistic, and dependent PDs provided limited discrimination between and among the three factors. An overarching latent factor representing general personality dysfunction was significantly greater on the internalizing fear factor followed by the externalizing factor, and weakest for the internalizing misery factor.

Conclusion

Personality disorders offer important opportunities for studies on the externalizing–internalizing spectrum of common psychiatric disorders. Future studies based on panic, anxiety, and depressive symptoms may elucidate PD associations with the internalizing spectrum of disorders.     

Simvastatin Increases ADAMTS13 Expression in Podocytes

Introduction

ADAMTS13 is a specific von Willebrand factor–cleaving protease. Severe deficiency of ADAMTS13 is the main cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. ADAMTS13 is mainly synthesized and released from hepatic stellate cells and endothelial cells, but is also expressed in other cells, including kidney podocytes. Simvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, has a beneficial effect on atherosclerosis and also has anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. A recent study indicates that ADAMTS13 reduces inflammatory plaque formation during early atherosclerosis in mice. In our study, we investigated the effects of simvastatin on inflammatory cytokines–induced ADAMTS13 expression in podocytes.

Materials and Methods

A conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line was utilized to study the expression of ADAMTS13 in podocytes. The influence of TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and simvastatin on ADAMTS13 was investigated. ADAMTS13 mRNA levels in podocytes were measured by using real-time PCR and protein levels were detected by Western blotting.

Results

Simvastatin significantly up-regulated the expression levels of ADAMTS13 mRNA and protein in podocytes. IL-6 decreased ADAMTS13 expression, and TNF-α had no significant effects on ADAMTS13 expression in podocytes. IL-4 reduced ADAMTS13 mRNA expression but not its protein level. Simvastatin was able also reversed the inhibitory effect of IL-6.

Conclusions

We demonstrate that simvastatin increases the expression of ADAMTS13 in a dose-dependent manner in podocytes, which likely contributes to the antithrombotic property of statin. Different inflammatory cytokines have different effects on the levels of ADAMTS13 mRNA expression and protein within podocytes.     

Electrochemical performance of activated carbon fiber with hydrogen bond-induced high sulfur/nitrogen doping

The sulfur/nitrogen co-doped activated carbon fiber (S/N-ACF) is prepared by the thermal treatment of thiourea-bonded hydroxyl-rich carbon fiber, which can bond the decomposition products of thiourea through hydrogen bond interaction to avoid the significant loss of sulfur and nitrogen sources during the thermal treatment process. The sulfur/nitrogen co-doped carbon fiber (S/N-CF) is prepared by the thermal treatment of thiourea-adsorbed carbon fiber. The doping degree of the carbon fiber is improved by reasonable strategy. S/N-ACF shows a higher amount of S/N doping (4.56 at% N and 3.16 at% S) than S/N-CF (1.25 at% N and 0.61 at% S). S/N-ACF with high S/N doping level involves highly active sites to improve the capacitive performance, and high delocalization electron to improve the conductivity and rate capability when compared with the normal S/N co-doped carbon fiber (S/N-CF). Accordingly, the specific capacitance increases from 1196 mF cm⁻² for S/N-CF to 2704 mF cm⁻² for S/N-ACF at 1 mA cm⁻². The all-solid-state flexible S/N-ACF supercapacitor achieves 184.7 μW h cm⁻² at 350 μW cm⁻². The results suggest that S/N-ACF has potential application as a CF-based supercapacitor electrode material.

Sulfur/nitrogen co-doped activated carbon fiber is prepared by thermal treatment of thiourea-bonded hydroxyl-rich carbon fiber, which achieves high doping level and electrochemical performance.