Effect of Agroecosystems on Seroprevalence of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Birds,La Pampa,Argentina, 2017–2019

In Argentina, the Pampa ecoregion has been almost completely transformed into agroecosystems. To evaluate the environmental (agricultural area, tree coverage, distance to the nearest water body and urban site) and biological (dove, cowbird, and sparrow abundance) effects on free-ranging bird exposure to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), we used generalized linear mixed models. For 1,019 birds sampled during 2017–2019, neutralizing antibodies were found against SLEV in samples from 60 (5.8%) birds and against WNV for 21 (2.1%). The best variable for explaining SLEV seroprevalence was agricultural area, which had a positive effect; however, for WNV, no model was conclusive. Our results suggest that agroecosystems in the La Pampa ecoregion increase the exposure of avian hosts to SLEV, thus potentially increasing virus activity.     

内科住院老年患者衰弱现状及影响因素分析

目的 :调查内科住院老年患者衰弱发生情况并分析影响因素。方法 :便利抽样选取2019年3月至2021年4月在北京市某三级甲等医院内科住院的320例老年患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、衰弱影响因素调查表及Fried衰弱表型进行数据收集。采用Logistic回归分析衰弱的影响因素。结果 :内科住院患者衰弱发生率为53.5%,Logistic回归分析显示,ADL分级、存在营养风险、存在躯体功能异常及血清白蛋白含量是衰弱的独立风险因素(P<0.05)。结论 :内科住院老年患者衰弱发生率高,衰弱的发生受多种因素影响。     

Role of miR‐21‐5p/FilGAP axis in estradiol alleviating the progression of monocrotaline‐induced pulmonary hypertension

BackgroundAberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated with the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). It is, however, not clear whether miRNAs are involved in estrogen rescue of PH.MethodsFresh plasma samples were prepared from 12 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients and 12 healthy controls undergoing right heart catheterization in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital. From each sample, 5 μg of total RNA was tagged and hybridized on microRNA microarray chips. Monocrotaline‐induced PH (MCT‐PH) male rats were treated with 17β‐estradiol (E₂) or vehicle. Subgroups were cotreated with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist or with antagonist of miRNA.ResultsMany circulating miRNAs, including miR‐21‐5p and miR‐574‐5p, were markedly expressed in patients and of interest in predicting mean pulmonary arterial pressure elevation in patients. The expression of miR‐21‐5p in the lungs was significantly upregulated in MCT‐PH rats compared with the controls. However, miR‐574‐5p showed no difference in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats and controls. miR‐21‐5p was selected for further analysis in rats as E₂ strongly regulated it. E₂ decreased miR‐21‐5p expression in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats by ERβ. E₂ reversed miR‐21‐5p target gene FilGAP downregulation in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats. The abnormal expression of RhoA, ROCK2, Rac1 and c‐Jun in the lungs of MCT‐PH rats was inhibited by E₂ and miR‐21‐5p antagonist.ConclusionsmiR‐21‐5p level was remarkably associated with PH severity in patients. Moreover, the miR‐21‐5p/FilGAP signaling pathway modulated the protective effect of E₂ on MCT‐PH through ERβ.     

缬沙坦对过氧化氢损伤乳鼠心肌细胞的保护作用

目的探讨缬沙坦对过氧化氢（H2O2）致心肌细胞氧化损伤的保护作用及其机制。方法用H2O2作用于新生SD大鼠心肌细胞,建立心肌细胞H2O2损伤模型。用缬沙坦预处理后,观察心肌细胞结构,测定心肌细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、丙二醛（MDA）及一氧化氮（NO）水平。结果缬沙坦提高心肌细胞过氧化损伤的细胞存活率（P〈0.05）,减少损伤时LDH、MDA和NO的生成（P〈0.05）。结论缬沙坦通过抗氧化、抗脂质过氧化反应,对心肌细胞过氧化损伤起保护作用。     

局部晚期不可手术食管癌同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗的初步临床分析

目的:探讨局部晚期食管癌同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗的不良反应及疗效。方法:回顾性分析北京大学肿瘤医院2015—2020年间使用同步放化疗联合尼妥珠单抗治疗的30例患者资料,采用 Kaplan- Meier法生存分析。 结果:中位随访时间22.5个月,总客观有效率为93%。1、2、3年...     

上海市骨科康复护理现状调查研究

目的 了解上海市骨科康复护理开展的状况及目前存在的主要问题,为上海市骨科康复的实施提供依据.方法 采用自行设计的骨科康复护理现状调查问卷,对上海市区和郊区共15所医院的300名骨科护士进行调查,收回287份,有效问卷282份.调查数据用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计分析.结果 骨科护士很少开展康复护理评估、指导病人做功能锻炼和训练日常生活活动能力以及心理护理.99.6%的护士认为康复训练对骨科病人的功能恢复很重要,92.9%的骨科护士认为自己应该指导病人做功能锻炼.骨科护士康复护理总论知识得分(30.26±13.87)分;骨科临床康复护理知识得分(58.76±10.41)分.结论 上海市骨科护士康复护理知识水平亟待提高,应增强对护理人员康复护理知识的普及,加强骨科康复护理工作的管理.     

An approach for evaluating the effects of dietary fiber polysaccharides on the human gut microbiome and plasma proteome

Increases in snack consumption associated with Westernized lifestyles provide an opportunity to introduce nutritious foods into poor diets. We describe two 10-wk-long open label, single group assignment human studies that measured the effects of two snack prototypes containing fiber preparations from two sustainable and scalable sources; the byproducts remaining after isolation of protein from the endosperm of peas and the vesicular pulp remaining after processing oranges for the manufacture of juices. The normal diets of study participants were supplemented with either a pea- or orange fiber-containing snack. We focused our analysis on quantifying the abundances of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) (glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases) in the fecal microbiome, mass spectrometric measurements of glycan structures (glycosidic linkages) in feces, plus aptamer-based assessment of levels of 1,300 plasma proteins reflecting a broad range of physiological functions. Computational methods for feature selection identified treatment-discriminatory changes in CAZyme genes that correlated with alterations in levels of fiber-associated glycosidic linkages; these changes in turn correlated with levels of plasma proteins representing diverse biological functions, including transforming growth factor type β/bone morphogenetic protein-mediated fibrosis, vascular endothelial growth factor-related angiogenesis, P38/MAPK-associated immune cell signaling, and obesity-associated hormonal regulators. The approach used represents a way to connect changes in consumer microbiomes produced by specific fiber types with host responses in the context of varying background diets.

Advances in our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in regulating many aspects of human physiology hold the promise of evolving our view of human nutrition by establishing mechanistic connections between the foods we consume and how they affect health status. One manifestation of this effort is a series of studies, performed on well-phenotyped cohorts, that seek to relate features of gut microbial community composition (organisms, genes), dietary practices, and pre- and postprandial cardiometabolic responses to test meals (1–4). A key question raised by these initiatives relates to the nature of the “bioactive” components of foods. Specifically, what are the nutrients utilized by various gut community members or microbiome-encoded metabolic pathways? What products are produced by biotransformation of these nutrients? How are these products linked to specific host physiologic (or pathophysiologic) processes?Plant-derived dietary fibers represent a “poster child” for these efforts and illustrate the formidable challenges faced. The health benefits of dietary fibers are widely known, as is their inadequate representation in Western diets. However, natural fibers are structurally complex and highly diverse. They contain numerous, typically undefined polysaccharide structures and largely unspecified protein, lipid, and small molecule constituents. Their composition varies as a function of their origin (food staple and cultivar), the different methods employed to recover them from these sources, as well as the different techniques used to incorporate them into processed foods with acceptable organoleptic properties (5). Moreover, analyzing the host effects of metabolism of different fibers is confounded by the fact that there is substantial intra- and interpersonal variation in microbiome configuration (6, 7).Snacking is becoming an ever more dominant feature of daily life worldwide and thus provides an opportunity to introduce nutritious ingredients, such as fibers, into diets. However, obtaining structure-activity relationships for specific fiber types and their corresponding targets in the gut community is foundational for designing snack foods that evoke and/or reinforce microbiome responses that are beneficial to the host.Degradation of dietary polysaccharides is a function primarily performed by bacterial carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). The gut microbiome harbors tens of thousands of CAZyme genes belonging to at least 136 glycoside hydrolase (GH) and 29 polysaccharide lyase (PL) families [extrapolated and updated from El Kaoutari et al. (8)]. In contrast, the human genome only contains 98 GH and no PL genes (9), of which <20% contribute to the processing of dietary glycans.In the current study, we test the effects of dietary supplementation with two snack food prototypes, one containing pea fiber and the other orange fiber, in two pilot studies of overweight and obese individuals consuming their normal, unrestricted diets. Our strategy was to focus on fiber-associated changes in the abundances of microbial GH and PL genes to determine whether responses to the pea or orange fiber prototypes in the gut microbiome and host are decipherable against a background of varying dietary practices and starting microbiome configurations. Higher order singular value decomposition (10) was utilized as a feature selection tool to identify treatment-discriminating changes in GH and PL gene representation. Mass spectrometric assays of the levels of fecal glycan structures (glycosidic linkages) were subsequently performed and the results were correlated with changes in the abundances of treatment-discriminating GH and PL genes with known or predicted substrate specificities. Our analysis concluded by measuring changes in levels of 1,305 plasma proteins in each study participant as a function of fiber treatment and applying computational tools to identify links between these microbiome and plasma proteome changes in response to fiber consumption. Our results provide an approach, using pilot human studies, for selecting specific fiber preparations, plus informative microbiome and host biomarkers, that can be advanced to proof-of-concept clinical trials which assess their capacity for precise manipulation of microbiome and host features.     

超声引导下经皮肾造瘘对肾结核孤立肾输尿管梗阻的疗效观察

目的 总结超声引导经皮穿刺肾造瘘对肾结核孤立肾肾盂积水治疗的效果.方法 选取2011年1月至2019年7月在解放军总医院第八医学中心收治的27例肾结核孤立肾肾积水患者,行超声引导下经皮造瘘置管留置,统计置管及换管成功率、并发症,采用t检验比较置管前后血清肌酐变化差异,调查长期带管对患者生活的影响.结果 27例患者共行置...     

功能性单心室患儿的健康相关生存质量评估

目的 调查功能性单心室患儿的健康相关生存质量(HRQOL),比较其与健康人群之间的差异.方法 对2002-2018年在上海儿童医学中心诊断为功能性单心室的113名2～18岁患儿及其家长进行横断面分析.采用中文版儿童生存质量测定量表(PedsQL)4.0普适性量表和3.0心脏模块的自评表和家长报告表,通过独立样本t检验比...