电离辐射多房棘球蚴病理组织学观察

目的重离子对肿瘤放疗比常规放疗更具优势,因为重离子放疗具有极佳的生物效应和剂量一致性。多房棘球蚴病具有肿瘤特性,本研究主要目的是用重离子放疗作为多房棘球蚴病的一种非手术治疗方法。方法通过LD50来评价原头蚴的死亡情况,应用光镜和投射电镜研究多房棘球蚴经X射线和碳离子电离辐射照射后形态结构变化。结果电离辐射使多房棘球蚴细胞质减少,生发层细胞深入到角质层内的绒毛消失。细胞器混乱并聚集,线粒体、高尔基复合体等细胞器大量消失,生发层细胞内出现大液泡。与X线相比,碳离子辐射对多房棘球蚴的抑制作用更为明显。结论多房棘球蚴经电离辐射后细胞结构和超微结构发生巨大变化,提示电离辐射可抑制多房棘球蚴生长。碳离子电离辐射对多房棘球蚴的抑制作用比X线辐射照射更为明显。     

Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. The Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP)

The aim of this paper is to provide an account of the history, current status and vision of the Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP). In the context of increasing alcohol consumption, rising second‐hand effects and industry‐friendly government policy, the Korean College Alcohol Study (KCAS) was established in the Republic of Korea in 1999, and changed its name to the Korean Institute on Alcohol Problems (KIAP) in 2005. KIAP's mission is to decrease alcohol consumption and its related harms by promoting research, advocating policy, developing intervention programmes and preparing media communications. Since 1999, KIAP has published scientific papers and books in alcohol research and used the internet and other media for dissemination of specialized information to the general population. In the last decade, KIAP has trained front‐line alcohol researchers, and advanced domestic and international networks to promote evidence‐based alcohol control policy in Korea. The light of hope shines brightly as KIAP grows and establishes critical linkages to move forward in its mission.     

美国儿科药品审批政策概述

简要介绍美国儿科药品审批政策并进行深入分析,总结其成功经验,为建立适合我国的儿科药品审批政策提供参考.     

The Vitamin D Receptor, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, and Colon Cancer

The nuclear receptor is an emerging therapeutic target in various human diseases. Vitamin D receptor (VDR), a nuclear receptor, mediates the biological functions of vitamin D. Classically, vitamin D is recognized as an essential contributor to mineral and bone homeostasis. Increasing evidence demonstrates that vitamin D is involved in inflammatory responses. Persistent intestinal inflammation is associated with colon cancer. This review focuses on vitamin D and VDR in inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. We place emphasis on the regulatory roles of vitamin D/VDR in inflammation, enteric bacteria, and tumorigenesis. We summarize the signaling pathways regulated by VDR in intestinal homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the potential application of the insights gleaned from these findings to personalized therapies in chronic inflammation and colon cancer.     

黄芪桂枝五物汤通过调节内质网应激对MKR小鼠糖尿病周围神经病变的作用

目的 探讨黄芪桂枝五物汤通过调控内质网应激c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）信号通路相关蛋白治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的作用机制。方法 8周龄骨骼肌特异性胰岛素样生长因子-1受体功能缺失小鼠（MKR小鼠）32只，雌雄各半，予高脂饲料喂养4周后，1%链脲佐菌素（STZ）连续腹腔注射5 d；血糖稳定后，每天将小鼠放入铺满冰袋的喂养笼，使其在冰上活动1 h，持续4周。将空腹血糖值≥11.1 mmol·L^-1的小鼠随机分为模型组、黄芪桂枝五物汤原方剂量组（30 g·kg^-1·d^-1）、黄芪桂枝五物汤方剂学剂量组（6.25 g·kg^-1·d^-1）、阳性药物（甲钴胺）组（0.17 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）。另设同龄MKR鼠8只作为空白组；FVB鼠8只作为正常组。各组灌胃药物4周后，测定小鼠空腹血糖（FBG）的变化，苏木素-伊红（HE）染色和透射电镜对坐骨神经组织形态进行观察，免疫组化法、蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测坐骨神经组织内质网应激相关蛋白JNK、磷酸化c-Jun氨基末端激酶（p-JNK）与肌醇需求激酶1α蛋白（IRE1α）的表达变化。结果 小鼠行为学与功能学检测显示，与正常组和空白组比较，模型组小鼠缩足舔足、甩尾时间显著缩短（P<0.01），坐骨神经传导速度显著降低（P<0.01）；与模型组比较，黄芪桂枝五物汤处理后，能够明显改善小鼠行为学与功能学检测指标（P<0.05，P<0.01）。免疫组化结果显示，与正常组和空白组比较，模型组小鼠JNK的表达明显升高（P<0.05）；与模型组比较，黄芪桂枝五物汤处理后，JNK的表达明显降低（P<0.05），但给药组之间差异无统计学意义。Western blot结果显示，与正常组和空白组比较，模型组小鼠坐骨神经IRE1α、p-JNK蛋白表达有不同程度的明显升高（P<0.05，P<0.01）；与模型组比较，黄芪桂枝五物汤可以相应下调模型小鼠坐骨神经IRE1α、p-JNK蛋白表达含量（P<0.05，P<0.01）；原方剂量组与教材剂量组比较，差异无统计学意义。结论 黄芪桂枝五物汤可改善坐骨神经功能、减轻坐骨神经组织损伤，其机制可能与黄芪桂枝五物汤抑制坐骨神经的内质网应激反应水平有关。