Lichen planus of the nail presenting as a tumor: diagnosis by longitudinal nail bed biopsy

Our patient presented with a keratotic tumor of the nail bed that simulated a neoplasm. Longitudinal nail bed biopsy showed lichen planus, sparing the patient excisional surgery. We review the differential diagnosis of nail bed tumors, nail biopsy techniques, and the findings of lichen planus of the nail.     

The use of iohexol in patients with previous reactions to ionic contrast material. A multicenter clinical trial

Patients who have had prior reactions to iodinated contrast material have increased risk for repeat reactions. Nonionic contrast agents have been reported to reduce the risk of contrast reactions. A multicenter study was undertaken to determine the repeat reaction rate using iohexol. Two hundred ninety-one repeat reactors were included in the study, of whom one-third received premedication. Sixteen patients (5.5%) experienced repeat reactions; none was severe, and only one was more serious than the prior reaction. This is in contrast to the reported 16% to 44% repeated reaction rate for ionic agents. We conclude that iohexol is effective in reducing the occurrence of repeat reactions from the level observed with ionic agents without premedication. Iohexol appears to be as effective as ionic agents plus premedication in this high-risk group of patients.     

268. Die Anwendung des Fibrinklesbesystems zur Auffüllung von Kieferknochendefekten — Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen

Zusammenfassung Das Präparat wird nach einem neu entwickelten Verfahren aus der Haut von Rinderfeten bzw. Ziegen gewonnen und ist durch folgende Eigenschaften gekennzeichnet: hautähnliche Stabilität, Verwendungsmöglichkeit in jeder Form und Größe, gebrauchsfertig steril ohne medikamentösen Zusatz, bei Raumtemperatur lagerungsfähig, Kontaktfläche offen, Oberfläche dicht (vermindert Plasmaverlust). Immunologisch inaktiv, schmerzlindernd, blutstillend, keimhemmend, granulationsfördernd. Bisher im Tierexperiment gewonnene Erfahrungen sind gleichbleibend gut.     

291. Craniofaciale Chirurgie

Zusammenfassung Eine internationale, interdisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppe für Craniofaciale Chirurgie aus München, Innsbruck und Paris zeigt neuere Möglichkeiten der operativen Korrektur schwerer Gesichts-Schädel-Mißbildungen. Operationsindikation, -planung, -techniken und Ergebnisse anhand typischer Mißbildungen wie otomandibuläre Dysostose, Craniostenosen, Apert-Syndrom, M. Crouzon und Hypertelorismus werden dargestellt.     

Neurobehavioral Therapies in the 21st Century: Summary of an Emerging Field and an Extended Example of Cognitive Control Training for Depression

The promise of a new generation of therapies targeted to address neurobiological mechanisms thought to underlie psychological disorders, particularly depression, using cognitive and behavioral techniques is discussed. Relationships between such neurobehaviorally focused therapies and other psychological and rehabilitative interventions are also discussed. Their potential utility as adjuncts to conventional treatment, and the importance of multi-method assessment in their evaluation are emphasized. Finally, initial data from a neurobehavioral “cognitive control training” (CCT) adjunctive intervention for severe unipolar depression is presented as an extended example. These data suggest that CCT aids in reducing both physiological mechanisms underlying depression as well as depressive symptomatology.     

Sleep deprivation alters pupillary reactivity to emotional stimuli in healthy young adults

The aim of this pilot study was to quantify the impact of sleep deprivation on psychophysiological reactivity to emotional stimuli. Following an adaptation night of sleep in the lab, healthy young adults were randomly assigned to either one night of total sleep deprivation or to a normal sleep control condition. The next afternoon, responses to positive, negative, and neutral picture stimuli were examined with pupillography, an indicator of cognitive and affective information processing. Only the sleep-deprived group displayed significantly larger pupil diameter while viewing negative pictures compared to positive or neutral pictures. The sleep-deprived group also showed anticipatory pupillary reactivity during blocks of negative pictures. These data suggest that sleep deprivation is associated with increased reactions to negative emotional information. Such responses may have important implications for psychiatric disorders, which may be triggered or characterized by sleep disturbances.     

Selective optical drive of thalamic reticular nucleus generates thalamic bursts and cortical spindles

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is hypothesized to regulate neocortical rhythms and behavioral states. Using optogenetics and multi-electrode recording in behaving mice, we found that brief selective drive of TRN switched the thalamocortical firing mode from tonic to bursting and generated state-dependent neocortical spindles. These findings provide causal support for the involvement of the TRN in state regulation in vivo and introduce a new model for addressing the role of this structure in behavior.