Postoperative hypothermia and patient outcomes after major elective non‐cardiac surgery

Using a multicentre adult patient database from Australia and New Zealand, we obtained the lowest and highest temperature in the first 24 h after admission to the intensive care unit after elective non‐cardiac surgery. Hypothermia was defined as core temperature < 36 °C; transient hypothermia as a temperature < 36 °C that was corrected within 24 h, and persistent hypothermia as hypothermia not corrected within 24 h. We studied 50 689 patients. Hypothermia occurred in 23 165 (46%) patients, was transient in 22 810 (45%), and was persistent in 608 (1.2%) patients. On multivariate analysis, neither transient (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.96–1.20) nor persistent (OR = 1.50. 95% CI 0.96–2.33) hypothermia was independently associated with increased hospital mortality.     

Plasma fibrinogen levels and restenosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Plasma fibrinogen levels influence restenosis following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable angina. It is unknown whether the same is true in the setting of primary PCI. The aim of the study was therefore to assess whether fibrinogen levels were associated to 6-month in-stent restenosis (ISR) in STEMI patients undergoing successful primary PCI. From January 2003 to October 2004, 267 patients were admitted to our Institution for STEMI and treated by primary PCI. Of these, 171 patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in our study. Fibrinogen levels were assessed at admission, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h following PCI and at discharge. Six-month angiographic follow-up was 100% complete. Subjects with 6-month ISR showed higher fibrinogen levels than patients without ISR. Patients in the upper fibrinogen tertile showed a higher 6-month incidence of symptoms and/or inducible myocardial ischemia (27.1% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.006) and a larger late lumen loss (1.3 ± 0.8 vs. 1.0 ± 0.9 mm, P = 0.049). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant and independent association between fibrinogen levels and ISR. Our study suggests that increased plasma fibrinogen levels are related to ISR in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Larger studies are warranted to assess the prognostic value of fibrinogen over harder end-points.     

Alpha and Beta Synucleins: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Application as Biomarkers

The synuclein family includes three neuronal proteins, named α-synuclein, β-synuclein, and γ-synuclein, that have peculiar structural features. α-synuclein is largely known for being a key protein in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, namely, dementia with Lewy bodies and multisystem atrophy. The role of β-synuclein and γ-synuclein is less well understood in terms of physiological functions and potential contribution to human diseases. α-synuclein has been investigated extensively in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood as a potential biomarker for synucleinopathies. Recently, great attention has been also paid to β-synuclein, whose CSF and blood levels seem to reflect synaptic damage and neurodegeneration independent of the presence of synucleinopathy. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the pathophysiological roles of the synucleins. Because γ-synuclein has been poorly investigated in the field of synucleinopathy and its pathophysiological roles are far from being clear, we focus on the interactions between α-synuclein and β-synuclein in PD. We also discuss the role of α-synuclein and β-synuclein as potential biomarkers to improve the diagnostic characterization of synucleinopathies, thus highlighting their potential application in clinical trials for disease-modifying therapies. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society     

Short- and long-term motor outcome of STN-DBS in Parkinson’s Disease: focus on sex differences

Neurological Sciences - Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an established treatment for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with motor complications; the contribution...