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81.
Current models of leukaemogenesis tend to visualize this process as consisting of several discrete steps. Since myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are, almost by definition, pre-leukaemic disorders, we expect that bone marrow from patients with MDS must contain cells which are one step short of full leukaemic transformation: we designate these cells, for convenience, as "n-1". It should be possible therefore to obtain leukaemic transformation in vitro by introducing into n-1 cells a gene with an appropriate leukaemogenic mutation. We have found, by using as a model system the retrovirus VSN-2 (which carries the neomycin-phosphotransferase gene, neo, which confers resistance to the antibiotic G418), that human bone marrow cells can be successfully transfected in microcultures. Indeed, G418-resistant CFU-CM have been recovered from these cultures for a period of several weeks. 相似文献
82.
EEGs carried out in 202 patients with melanoma were abnormal in 33%. In the absence of systemic or brain metastasis 14% of the patients had abnormal records. If systemic metastases without brain metastasis were present 45% of the patients had abnormal records and with brain metastasis 88% had abnormal EEGs. Only a third of the patients with abnormal records had brain metastasis but metastatic spread to some organ system was present in 76% of those with EEG abnormalities. The diffuse abnormality was less likely to be a "false positive." Ninety-seven percent of the patients with diffuse EEG abnormality had systemic metastasis but 43% of the patients with focal EEG changes had no detected metastasis. 相似文献
83.
Health consequences of obesity. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
J J Reilly E Methven Z C McDowell B Hacking D Alexander L Stewart C J H Kelnar 《Archives of disease in childhood》2003,88(9):748-752
The recent epidemic of childhood obesity(1) has raised concern because of the possible clinical and public health consequences.(2,)(3) However, there remains a widespread perception among health professionals that childhood obesity is a largely cosmetic problem, with minor clinical effects. No systematic review has yet focused on the diverse array of possible consequences of childhood obesity, though older non-systematic reviews are available.(4,)(5) In addition, no review to date has considered the vast body of evidence on the health impact of childhood obesity which has been published recently. The aim of the present review was therefore to provide a critically appraised, evidence based, summary of the consequences of childhood obesity in the short term (for the child) and longer term (in adulthood). 相似文献
84.
E Georgiades J J Reilly E Stathopoulou A M Livingston Y P Pitsiladis 《Archives of disease in childhood》2003,88(11):978-979
Body mass index (BMI) distribution changes were assessed in 2547 relatively affluent English girls, aged 12-16 years, during the UK childhood obesity epidemic (1986-96). An increase in BMI variability was observed only in 12-14 year olds, suggesting that BMI changes for population subgroups were complex, and inconsistent with a generalised increase in BMI. 相似文献
85.
86.
MJ Stevens PD Stricker J Saalfeld PC Brenner R Kooner GFA O'Neill PJ Duval RS Jagavkar P Cross J Martland 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2003,47(2):152-160
Combination high dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) and external beam radiation therapy is technically and clinically feasible as definitive treatment for localized prostate cancer. We report the first large Australian experience using this technique of radiation dose escalation in 82 patients with intermediate‐ and high‐risk disease. With a median follow up of 3 years (156 weeks), complications were low and overall prostate‐specific antigen progression‐free survival was 91% using the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition. The delivery of hypofractionated radiation through the HDRB component shortens overall treatment time and is both biologically and logistically advantageous. As a radiation boost strategy, HDRB is easy to learn and could be introduced into most facilities with brachytherapy capability. 相似文献
87.
Mary S. Davey J. M. Zerin Clarence Reilly Walter T. Ambrosius 《Pediatric radiology》1997,27(12):908-911
Objective. To determine if mild renal pelvic dilatation at renal ultrasound (RUS) is a reliable sign of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
at voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) in children. Materials and methods. All patients less than 10 years of age who had RUS and VCUG on the same day during a 2-year period were identified in a computerized
database. The appearance of the collecting system of each kidney was classified into two groups: group 0 – no dilatation (≤
2-mm anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis) and group 1 – 3 to 10-mm AP diameter of the renal pelvis without caliectasis.
VUR at VCUG was graded using the International Reflux Study Committee system. Results. Four hundred fifty-five patients (76 boys; 379 girls) with 910 kidneys were included. VUR occurred in 268 kidneys in 174
patients. There were 820 group 0 kidneys and 90 group 1 kidneys. Kidneys classified as group 1 (25.0 % had reflux) were no
more likely to have reflux than were kidneys with nondistended (group 0) collecting systems (31.2 % had reflux). There was
no statistical difference in the rate of reflux in patients with group 1 renal pelvic distention (39.2 % refluxed) and a normal
collecting system (33.3 % refluxed) (P = 0.365). Conclusion. The frequency of vesicoureteral reflux in children with mild renal pelvic distention is not significantly different than
in children with no distention. Therefore, mild dilatation of the renal pelvis should not be considered an indication for
voiding cystourethrography.
Received: 14 April 1997 Accepted: 24 July 1997 相似文献
88.
89.
Abril N; Luque-Romero FL; Prieto-Alamo MJ; Rafferty JA; Margison GP; Pueyo C 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(10):1883-1888
Here we confirm and extend our previous studies demonstrating that the
mutagenic potency of 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE) and dibromomethane (DBM) is
markedly enhanced (not prevented) in bacteria expressing the O6-
alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) encoded by the Escherichia coli
ogt gene. We demonstrate that, in close parallel with mutagenesis, the Ogt
ATase sensitizes the bacteria to the lethal effects of these carcinogens,
suggesting that one or more of the potentially mutagenic lesions induced by
DBE and DBM in the presence of Ogt has additional lethal capacity. We
further demonstrate that the sensitization to both lethality and
mutagenesis by DBE and DBM is a property shared by other DNA
alkyltransferases. This objective was accomplished by quantifying the
induction of mutations and lethal events in ogt- ada- E. coli expressing an
exogenous bacterial or mammalian ATase from a multicopy plasmid. Mammalian
recombinant ATases enhanced the lethal and mutagenic actions of DBE and
suppressed the lack of sensitivity of the vector- transformed bacteria to
DBM. In most cases the order of effectiveness of the ATases ranked: murine
> human > Ogt > rat. Further comparisons included the full-length
Ada ATase from E. coli and a truncated Ada version (T-ada) that retains the
O6-methylguanine binding domain of the protein. The full-length Ada ATase
was effective in enhancing the lethality but not the mutagenicity induced
by DBE and DBM. The T-ada ATase provided less sensitization than Ada to
lethality by DBE, but of the three bacterial ATases T-ada yielded the
highest sensitization to mutagenesis by this compound. T-ada and Ada ATases
were in general less effective than the mammalian versions, with the
exception of the rat recombinant ATase. The effectiveness of the different
mammalian and bacterial ATases in promoting the deleterious actions of
dibromoalkanes was compared with the effectiveness of these proteins in
suppressing the lethal and mutagenic effects induced by
N-nitroso-N-methylurea. The ability to sensitize E. coli to the lethal and
mutagenic effects of DBE and DBM seems restricted to DNA alkyltransferase,
since overexpression of thioredoxin (Trx) or glutaredoxin (Grx1) in ogt-
ada- cells showed no effect, in spite of the reported potential of
bioactive dihaloethane- derived species to alkylate Trx.
相似文献
90.
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene-induced DNA adduction, tumorigenicity, and Ki-ras oncogene mutations in strain A/J mouse lung 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Prahalad AK; Ross JA; Nelson GB; Roop BC; King LC; Nesnow S; Mass MJ 《Carcinogenesis》1997,18(10):1955-1963
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]P), an environmental polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon, is the most potent carcinogen ever tested in mouse skin and
rat mammary gland. In this study, DB[a,l]P was examined for DNA adduction,
tumorigenicity, and induction of Ki-ras oncogene mutations in tumor DNA in
strain A/J mouse lung. Groups of mice received a single i.p. injection of
0.3, 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg DB[a,l]P in tricaprylin. Following treatment,
DNA adducts were measured at times between 1 and 28 days, while tumors were
counted at 250 days and analyzed for the occurrence of point mutations in
codons 12 and 61 of the Ki-ras oncogene. DB[a,l]P in strain A/J mouse lung
induced six major and four minor DNA adducts. Maximal levels of adduction
occurred between 5 and 10 days after injection followed by a gradual
decrease. DB[a,l]P-DNA adducts in lung tissue were derived from both anti-
and syn-11,12- dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-
11,12,13,14-tetrahydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DB[a,l]PDE) and both
deoxyadenosine (dAdo) and deoxyguanosine (dGuo) residues in DNA as revealed
by cochromatography. The major adduct was identified as a product of the
reaction of an anti-DB[a,l]PDE with dAdo in DNA. DB[a,l]P induced
significant numbers of lung adenomas in a dose- dependent manner, with the
highest dose (6.0 mg/kg) yielding 16.1 adenomas/mouse. In
tricaprylin-treated control animals, there were 0.67 adenomas/mouse. Based
on the administered dose, DB[a,l]P was more active than other environmental
carcinogens including benzo[a]pyrene. As a function of time-integrated DNA
adduct levels, DB[a,l]P induced lung adenomas with about the same potency
as other PAHs, suggesting that the adducts formed by DB[a,l]P are similar
in carcinogenic potency to other PAHs in the strain A/J mouse lung model.
Analysis of the Ki- ras mutation spectrum in DB[a,l]P-induced lung tumors
revealed the predominant mutations to be G-->T transversions in the
first base of codon 12, A-->G transitions in the second base of codon
12, and A-->T transversions in the second or third base of codon 61,
concordant with the DNA adduct profile.
相似文献