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21.
Thyroid autoimmunity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antigenic structure remains a major focus in thyroid immunology. The genes for three major thyroid antigens--thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase and the thyrotropin receptor--were sequenced in the late 1980's, and epitopes for antibody and T cells have been reported within the last year. In addition, new evidence for selective use of T-cell receptor V gene segments in human thyroid infiltrates may point the way to specific immunotherapy. 相似文献
22.
Local bioactive tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in corneal allotransplantation 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5 下载免费PDF全文
Rayner SA King WJ Comer RM Isaacs JD Hale G George AJ Larkin DF 《Clinical and experimental immunology》2000,122(1):109-116
The aim of this study was to examine the kinetic profile of bioactive TNF levels in aqueous humour of rabbit eyes undergoing corneal allograft rejection and to investigate the effect of locally blocking TNF activity after corneal transplantation. In a rabbit corneal transplantation, endothelial allograft rejection was identified and correlated with increase in central graft thickness. Samples of aqueous humour obtained on alternate days following transplantation were tested for TNF mRNA and bioactive TNF protein. To investigate the effect of locally blocking TNF activity in allograft recipients, the fusion protein TNFR-Ig was administered by injections into the anterior chamber after transplantation. Pulsatile increases in levels of this cytokine were found in 14 of 15 allograft recipients. Peaks of TNF bioactivity preceded by varying intervals the observed onset of rejection in allograft recipients. TNF levels were not elevated in aqueous humour from corneal autograft recipient controls or in serum of allografted animals. mRNA levels were elevated before onset of and during clinically observed allograft rejection. In three of seven animals receiving TNFR-Ig injections on alternate days from day 8 to day 16 post-transplant, clear prolongation of corneal allograft survival was demonstrated. Bioactive TNF is present in aqueous humour following rabbit corneal allotransplantation. Rather than correlating directly with endothelial rejection onset, pulsatile peak levels of TNF precede and follow the observed onset of endothelial rejection. Blockade of TNF activity prolongs corneal allograft survival in some animals, indicating that this cytokine may be a suitable target in local therapy of corneal allograft rejection. 相似文献
23.
Andrea Fleig Peter C. Ruben Martin D. Rayner 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1994,427(5-6):399-405
Na currents recorded from inside-out macropatches excised from Xenopus oocytes expressing the subunit of the rat brain Na channel IIA show at least two distinguishable components in their inactivation time course, with time constants differing about tenfold (
h1 = approx. 150 s and
h2 = approx. 2 ms). In excised patches, the inactivation properties of Na currents changed with time, favoring the faster inactivation kinetics. Analysis of the fast and slow current kinetics shows that only the relative magnitudes of
h1 and
h2 components are altered without significant changes in the time constants of activation or inactivation. In addition, voltage dependence of both activation and steady-state inactivation of Na currents are shifted to more negative potentials in patches with predominantly fast inactivation, although reversal potentials and valences remained unaltered. We conclude that the two inactivation modes discerned in this study are conferred by two states of Na channel the interconversion of which are regulated by an as yet unknown mechanism that seems to involve cytosolic factors. 相似文献
24.
25.
Rayner G 《Health and social service journal》1984,94(4894):502-503
26.
The palpation and enucleation of occult insulinomas (less than 15 mm) can be a difficult surgical problem even with good arteriographic localization. In the authors' limited experience, confirmation of arteriographic findings by pancreatic venous sampling provided little additional localizing information. However, if arteriography is negative or equivocal, venous sampling can indicate the segment of pancreas to be "blindly" resected if the adenoma is not palpable. Venous sampling may be misleading in polyendocrine syndromes because of the frequency of multiple adenomas and variable hormone production. 相似文献
27.
Rayner G 《Health and social service journal》1982,92(4826):1466-1468
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29.
P F Smith M C Birmingham G A Noskin A K Meagher A Forrest C R Rayner J J Schentag 《Annals of oncology》2003,14(5):795-801
BACKGROUND: Linezolid is a recently approved oxazalidinone with extended activity against Gram-positive bacteria. We evaluated the results of linezolid therapy in neutropenic cancer patients with Gram-positive bacterial infections from a compassionate-use program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, non-comparative, non-randomized compassionate-use treatment program in patients with serious Gram-positive infections. To qualify for enrollment patients were required to have an infection resistant to available antimicrobial agents, or in whom available agents had failed or to which they were intolerant. Patients with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) <500 cells/mm(3) or <1000 cells/mm(3) and expected to decrease to <500 cells/mm(3), and who received linezolid 600 mg twice daily were included. Plasma samples for population pharmacokinetic analysis were collected. Clinical and microbiological assessments of outcomes were made at the end of therapy and at short-term follow-up. RESULTS: Of the patients in the compassionate-use trial, 103 were neutropenic. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age was 50.1 (17.5) years, 47% were female, and 47.6% had a baseline ANC =100 cells/mm(3). The mean (SD) duration of linezolid therapy was 14.6 (11.4) days. The most common site of infection was the bloodstream (90.3%), and the most commonly identified pathogen was vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (83%). A total of 83 (80.5%) and 52 (50.4%) patients were evaluable for clinical and microbiological outcomes at the end of therapy, respectively. Clinical and microbiological cure rates in the evaluable patients were 79% and 86%, respectively. Linezolid was well-tolerated in this patient population, with an overall adverse event rate of 17.5%; 5% of patients required discontinuation of the drug due to side-effects. The pharmacokinetics of linezolid in patients with neutropenia did not differ from the overall compassionate-use population. CONCLUSIONS: Linezolid was safe and effective in treating resistant Gram-positive infections in neutropenic cancer patients. Comparative clinical trials to evaluate further the effectiveness and safety of linezolid in this patient population are warranted. 相似文献
30.
0 引言 1 992 - 0 5~ 1 999- 0 5我科收治慢性硬膜下血肿 (CS-DH) 1 6 8例 ,其中 1 6 4例经颅骨钻孔冲洗引流术治疗 ,4例保守治疗 ,结果 1 6 5例治愈 ,3例死亡 .结论 :CSDH的诊断主要依靠 CT检查 ,手术简单 ,防止并发症可改善预后 .1 临床资料 男 1 6 3例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 32~ 79岁 ,平均 5 4岁 .有明确的外伤史 1 4 5例 (86 .3% ) ,原因不明 2 3例(1 3.7% ) ,病程 3wk~ 6 a.头昏、头痛、呕吐 1 1 6例 ,肢体运动障碍 6 8例 ,智力及精神障碍 46例 ,语言障碍 1 0例 ,感觉障碍2 1例 ,排尿障碍 5例 ,癫痫 3例 ,视乳头水肿 92例 ,锥体… 相似文献