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991.
992.
993.
Mark Swerdlow MD MSc FFARCS Consultant J.G. Cundill MB ChB BSc Registrar 《Anaesthesia》1981,36(12):1129-1132
The value of anticonvulsant drugs in the treatment of some cases of lancinating pain is now established. The results in 170 consecutive cases in an ongoing series are reported with special reference to the efficacy of four anticonvulsants--carbamazepine, clonazepam, phenytoin and valproate. The findings are discussed. 相似文献
994.
995.
R. D. SUCKLING FRACO FRACS FRCS K. F. MASLIN MB ChB 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1988,16(4):353-359
The treatment of 26 cases of cystoid macular oedema following cataract extraction is reviewed. Cases treated early and more aggressively with betamethazone drops and subtenons injection of methyl-prednisolone, responded well to treatment. Those given later and fess aggressive treatment had a less satisfactory outcome. Our results would suggest that local steroids are effective in the treatment of pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema. 相似文献
996.
Assessment of gross motor skills of at-risk infants: predictive validity of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Johanna Darrah PhD PT Martha Piper PhD Man-Joe Watt MB BS FRCP FAAEM 《Developmental medicine and child neurology》1998,40(7):485-491
The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) is a norm-referenced measure of infant gross motor development. The objectives of this study were: (1) to establish the best cut-off scores on the AIMS for predictive purposes, and (2) to compare the predictive abilities of the AIMS with those of the Movement Assessment of Infants (MAI) and the Peabody Developmental'Gross Motor Scale (PDGMS). One hundred and sixty-four infants were assessed at 4 and 8 months adjusted ages on the three measures. A pediatrician assessed each infant's gross motor development at 18 months as normal, suspicious, or abnormal. For the AIMS, two different cut-off points were identified: the 10th centile at 4 months and the 5th centile at 8 months. The MAI provided the best specificity rates at 4 months while the AIMS was superior in specificity at 8 months. Sensitivity rates were comparable between the two tests. The PDGMS in general demonstrated poor predictive abilities. 相似文献
997.
The effects of aging on layer 1 in area 46 of prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
The effect of age on layer 1 of area 46 of prefrontal cortex was determined
in the cerebral cortices of 15 rhesus monkeys, 13 of which had been
behaviorally tested. Five of the monkeys were young (5-7 years of age),
three were middle-aged (9-12 years) and seven were old (24-32 years). It
was found that with age, layer 1 becomes significantly thinner and the
glial limiting membrane becomes thicker. Counts of synapses in layer 1 of
seven of these monkeys using the physical disector method on thin sections
revealed that compared to young monkeys, there is a 30-60% reduction in the
density of synapses per unit volume in old monkeys. This loss of synapses
is accompanied by a reduction in the frequency of profiles of postsynaptic
dendrites and their spines from the neuropil of layer 1, indicating that
some spiny dendrites that belong to the apical dendritic tufts of pyramidal
cells are degenerating and being lost with age. Correlation of these
morphological changes with the behavioral data shows that there is a
significant correlation between the thickness of layer 1 and memory
function, as measured by the 2 min delay condition of the delayed non-
matching to sample task. Also, there is significant correlation between the
numerical density of synapses in layer 1 and three of the behavioral
measures used, as well as the Cognitive Impairment Index. Thus, the changes
that occur with age in layer 1 provide one possible basis for the
age-related cognitive impairment evidenced in monkeys and humans alike.
相似文献
998.
999.
Gwenneth L Roberts PhD Brian I O'Toole PhD Beverley Raphael MD Joan M Lawrence MB BS Richard Ashby MB BS 《Annals of emergency medicine》1996,27(6):747-753
Study objective: In 1992, a study of the prevalence and predictors of domestic violence victims among individuals who presented to a major public hospital emergency department was conducted to replicate a study conducted by the authors in the same setting 12 months previously. The second study aimed to investigate more accurately the presentation of current victims of domestic violence to the ED. Methods: In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, a screening questionnaire was administered to participants to establish the prevalence of a history and current presentation of domestic violence problems among patients who presented to the ED of a major public hospital. The study group comprised a representative sample of 670 male and 553 female adults (older than 16 years) who presented to all sections of a public hospital ED during 53 randomly selected 8-hour nursing shifts over an 8-week period in 1992. Results: The results of the second prevalence study confirmed those of the first study. Of the 1,223 respondents in the study, 15.5% disclosed a history of adult domestic violence (8.5% of men, 23.9% of women). Women were at greater risk than men for abuse as adults (raw relative risk [RR], 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.23 to 4.79; RR adjusted for age, history of child abuse, and country of birth, 4.13; CI, 2.86 to 5.95). Women were at greater risk than men for being doubly abused (as a child and as an adult) (raw RR, 2.17; CI, 1.33 to 3.53). The second prevalence study confirmed what had been indicated in the first study: that 2.0% of women who presented to the ED (11.6% of all women with a history of adult domestic violence) were current victims of domestic violence and that these women presented mainly between the hours of 5 pm and 8 am, when no social work services were available for referral of victims. Conclusion: These Australian studies support the findings of prevalence studies of domestic violence victims in ED in the United States. The prevalence and risk factors indicate the need for training of physicians and nurses in the ED about domestic violence and for provision of appropriate backup referral services such as after-hours social work services. [Roberts GL, O'Toole BI, Raphael B, Lawrence JM, Ashby R: Prevalence study of domestic violence victims in an emergency department. Ann Emerg Med June 1996;27:747-753.] 相似文献
1000.
Changes in Esophageal Function after Vertical Banded Gastroplasty as Demonstrated by Esophageal Scintigraphy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Keith Seymour MB FRCS Alison Mackie PhD Elizabeth McCauley MSc John G Stephen MB MChir FRCS 《Obesity surgery》1998,8(4):429-433
Background: The effects of surgery for morbid obesity on the function of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract are of interest
to bariatric surgeons. This study was undertaken to determine any changes in esophageal function, following vertical banded
gastroplasty (VBG) in morbidly obese patients, as detected by esophageal scintigraphy. Methods: Ten consecutive morbidly obese
patients (six female and four male) underwent preoperative esophageal scintigraphy and upper GI endoscopy. These investigations
were repeated 12 months after VBG to coincide with expected appreciable weight reduction. The results were tabulated together
with body mass indices, crude weights and percentage excess weight lost. Results: Before VBG one patient gave a history of
mild heartburn, one had mild dyspepsia and the remaining eight patients had no GI symptoms. No patient had a hiatus hernia
or endoscopic evidence of reflux esophagitis. Preoperatively all patients had abnormal scintiscans. The abnormalities were
esophageal retention (all) and intraesophageal reflux (five out of 10 patients). Gastroesophageal reflux was not identified
in any patient. Postoperatively scintiscans were normal or improved in six out of 10 patients and unchanged in four out of
10 patients. In three patients the scans were normal and three showed overall improvement in esophageal function, although
in one of these latter patients gastroesophageal reflux was observed. Conclusions: In this series of morbidly obese patients,
esophageal function as assessed by scintigraphy was abnormal. Following VBG it improved in six out of 10 patients and was
unchanged in four out of 10. However, in one patient, who had shown an overall improvement in esophageal function, gastroesophageal
reflux was demonstrated when it had not been seen preoperatively. This was asymptomatic. Thus, adverse changes in esophageal
function after VBG were uncommon. 相似文献