Lipidhistochemical and microradiographic study of distribution of lipids in relation to mineral content in dentin caries

abstract – Fifteen human molars were investigated using lipidhistochemical and microradiographic methods. A peripheral neurotic and totally decalcified part of the carious lesion revealed a markedly positive staining reaction for sphingomyelin, sulfatides, cholesterol- and/or triglyceride-esters. The reaction was probably conditioned by the presence of debris and plaque within this area. Pulpally and immediately below the necrotic zone, an area of demineralization was found which on the microradiographs appeared as a radiolucent zone. The zone showed a mineral gradient with an increasing mineral content towards the pulp. In the zone of demineralization a positive reaction occurred for sphingomyelin decreasing in a pulpal direction with increasing mineral content. A weakly positive reaction for cholesterol- and/or triglyceride-esters, was also delected bat only in the most pulpal part of the zone of demineralization; the intensity of the staining reaction was comparable to that found in normal dentin, In chose areas which were represented by a sclerotized, radiopaque zone, only a very weak reaction for sphingomyelin, cholesterol- and/or triglyceride-esters could be observed of the same staining intensity as in normal dentin. The region between the lesion and the pulp showed the same staining intensity as normal dentin.     

Sodium Elimination Rate and Blood Pressure during Normal and High Salt Intake in Subjects with and without Familial Predisposition to Hypertension

Abstract We have assessed the elimination rate of ²²Na (ER-²²Na), total exchangeable sodium (Na^E), blood pressure, plasma volume (PV), haematocrit, urinary noradrenaline (U-NA) and urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (U-VMA) in normotensive men with (n=17) and without (n=15) familial predisposition to hypertension. All measurements were done during habitual salt intake and after four weeks of increased salt intake (ordinary intake + 12 g NaC1/daily). On ordinary salt intake, ER-²²Na, Na^E, blood pressure, PV, haematocrit, U-NA and U-VMA did not differ between the groups thus indicating a normal sodium turnover in both groups and a comparable activity of the sympathetic nervous system. After 10 days of high salt intake those without familial predisposition showed signs of volume expansion and decreased sympathetic activity and those with such predisposition showed insignificant changes in the same direction. After four weeks of increased salt intake, ER-²²Na had increased significantly and equally in both groups, while blood pressure and Na^E remained unchanged. This indicates that the predisposed individuals had a normal ability to cope with a prolonged increase in salt intake.     

Eruption of maxillary canines

Abstract – In 79 of 124 children with bilaterally located widened follicles around non-erupted canines one of the maxillary canines was chosen by lot for surgical exposure of the tooth crown. In seven cases both maxillary canines were exposed. The remaining 38 children were radiographically controlled at certain time intervals as were the 86 cases where surgery was perfomed. The follicles removed from 52 cases were tooth. The histologic examination showed that the histologic appearance of the extirpated follicle did not correspond to the radiolographically verified width of the pericoronal space. The specimens were composed of a losely arranged fibrous connective tissue with an epithelial lining occurring in 77% of the cases. The epithelial lining consisted of reduced enamel epithelium and showed in none of the cases squamous metaplasia or keratinization. Nor was there any clinical or histologic sign of a neoplastic or cystic change of the follicle.     

Heart and Kidney Involvement during Antihypertensive Treatment

ABSTRACT The prevalence of signs of heart (Minnesota-coded ECG, chest X-ray) and kidney involvement (proteinuria, abnormal serum creatinine) was studied before and after 5 years' antihypertensive treatment in 686 middle-aged, hypertensive men derived from a screening examination of a random population sample. The prevalences of heart enlargement (X-ray) and abnormally high serum creatinine increased. A pronounced regression of S-T and T wave changes in the ECG was achieved. In a subgroup of 375 patients without digitalis therapy and not having had myocardial infarction, ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy decreased.     

Effect of nutritional hyperparathyroidism on experimental periodontitis in the dog

abstract – The purpose of the present investigation was to induce osteopenia of the alveolar process by feeding dogs a calcium-deficient, phosphorus-rich diet, and to determine whether dogs suffering from nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) developed: (1) increased tooth mobility, (2) gingivitis and (3) periodontitis with marginal alveolar bone resorption in plaque-free areas and in areas where plaque and calculus were allowed to accumulate. The experiments were performed on six, 12-month-old Beagle dogs. During an experimental period of 18 months, four dogs (test group) were fed a low calcium, high phosphorus diet of a soft consistency. The controls were fed an adequate but soft diet. The teeth of the right jaws were regularly subjected to thorough cleaning. NSH and osteopenia of the alveolar bone were induced in the test dogs. Osteopenia, however, did not result in an increased tooth mobility or gingivitis in the absence of plaque. In areas where dental deposits were allowed to accumulate, pathologic pockets gradually developed in both test and control animals, but the degree of attachment loss was the same in both groups.     

VISUAL DISORDERS IN 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT PREVIOUS VISION SCREENING

ABSTRACT. An analysis of visual defects among 310 children referred from a vision screening of 2178 7-year-old children revealed a 50% frequency of significant eye defects among the referrals (7% of screened children). Of the screened children, one group (1530 children) had previous visual screening three years earlier. The other group (648 children) had no previous vision screening until the age of seven. A comparison between the two groups showed that the risk of finding a new significant eye disorder in a school entrant was more than 6 times greater for a child who was not examined in his preschool years, and the risk of finding an ambiyopic child was more than 10 times greater. The results do indicate the need for continuation of the present vision screening program of pre-school children.     

Fine Needle Aspiration Compared with Scintigraphy for Detection of Liver Neoplasia

ABSTRACT The diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration and scintigraphy was compared prospectively in a series of cases of suspected liver neoplasm. The results of both techniques showed a close correlation to final diagnosis. Biopsy, easily and rapidly performed with simple equipments, is a cost-saving procedure with as good a sensitivity as scintigraphy. Furthermore, the possible finding of specific cytological pictures of primary liver carcinoma or tumours of the amino precursor uptake decarboxylating cell series lend further weight to the biopsy technique.