Evaluation and clinical significance of the stomach age model for evaluating aging of the stomach-a multicenter study in China

Background

A higher prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) occurs in younger adults in Asia. We used Stomach Age to examine the different mechanisms of CAG between younger adults and elderly individuals, and established a simple model of cancer risk that can be applied to CAG surveillance.

Methods

Stomach Age was determined by FISH examination of telomere length in stomach biopsies. Δψm was also determined by flow cytometry. Sixty volunteers were used to confirm the linear relationship between telomere length and age while 120 subjects were used to build a mathematical model by a multivariate analysis. Overall, 146 subjects were used to evaluate the validity of the model, and 1,007 subjects were used to evaluate the relationship between prognosis and Δage (calculated from the mathematical model). ROC curves were used to evaluate the relationship between prognosis and Δage and to determine the cut-off point for Δage.

Results

We established that a tight linear relationship between the telomere length and the age. The telomere length was obvious different between patients with and without CAG even in the same age. Δψm decreased in individuals whose Stomach Age was greater than real age, especially in younger adults. A mathematical model of Stomach Age (real age?+?Δage) was successfully constructed which was easy to apply in clinical work. A higher Δage was correlated with a worse outcome. The criterion of Δage >3.11 should be considered as the cut-off to select the subgroup of patients who require endoscopic surveillance.

Conclusion

Variation in Stomach Age between individuals of the same biological age was confirmed. Attention should be paid to those with a greater Stomach Age, especially in younger adults. The Δage in the Simple Model can be used as a criterion to select CAG patients for gastric cancer surveillance.

     

Arkadia在TGF-β/Smad信号转导通路中的作用

转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）是一种多功能蛋白,具有调节细胞增殖、分化、迁移及凋亡等多种细胞生物学效应.已有研究证实,TGF-β是重要的促纤维化细胞因子之一,且与肿瘤的发展密切相关.Smad信号是其发挥作用的主要通路.而近年研究发现,E3泛素连接酶Arkadia通过Smad信号能起到增强TGF-β信号通路生物学效应的作用,因而日益引起人们的关注.拟对TGF-β信号转导通路中Arkadia的作用作一综述.     

Key role of hydrochar in heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of sulfamethoxazole using Ag3PO4-based photocatalysts

To overcome the practical application limitations of Ag₃PO₄ such as photocorrosion and relatively low efficiency of photogenerated carrier seperation, Ag₃PO₄ particles were loaded onto hydrochar. The particles in the composite had a smaller crystallite size and different phase structure with more edges than pure Ag₃PO₄ particles. The as-prepared composite catalyst exhibited a different photocatalytic performance for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation when varying the mass ratio of hydrochar and Ag₃PO₄. In addition to higher SMX degradation efficiency, the composite exhibited much higher TOC degradation efficiency, recycling stability, and less-toxic intermediate production. The composites enhanced visible light response, and accelerated electron transfer and photogenerated carrier separation as well. The addition of H₂O₂ to the photocatalytic system enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalyst. According to a mechanistic examination, the hole (h⁺) is the dominant reactive species for SMX degradation. This study provides new insight into high-efficiency, low cost, and easily prepared photocatalysts for pollution removal from water.

To overcome the practical application limitations of Ag₃PO₄ such as photocorrosion and relatively low efficiency of photogenerated carrier seperation, Ag₃PO₄ particles were loaded onto hydrochar.     

Transesophageal Echocardiography of Intracardiac Thrombus in Congenital Heart Disease and Atrial Flutter: The Importance of Thorough Examination of the Fontan

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is used in atrial flutter or fibrillation (AFF) before electric cardioversion to detect intracardiac thrombi. Previous studies have described the use of TEE to diagnose intracardiac thrombi in the left atrium and left atrial appendage, which has an incidence of 8 % among patients without congenital heart disease (CHD). In their practice the authors have noted a significant incidence of intracardiac thrombi in other structures of patients with CHD and AFF. This study aimed to determine the incidence and location of intracardiac thrombi using TEE in patients with CHD requiring electric cardioversion of AFF and to compare the use of TEE and transthoracic echo (TTE) to detect intracardiac thrombus in this population. A retrospective chart review of TEE and TTE findings for all patients with CHD who had electric cardioversion of AFF at our institution from 2005 to 2013 was conducted. The diagnosis, presence, and location of intracardiac thrombus were determined. The TEE and TTE results were compared. The study identified 27 patients with CHD who met the study entry criteria at our institution between 2005 and 2013. Seven of these patients had a single ventricle with Fontan palliation. All the patients presented with AFF and had TEE before electric cardioversion. No patients were excluded from the study. The patients ranged in age from 2 to 72 years (median, 21 years) and weighed 17–100 kg (median, 65 kg). The duration of AFF before TEE and attempted cardioversion ranged from 1 day to 3 weeks (median, 3.5 days). Intracardiac thrombus was present in 18 % (5/27) of the patients and in 57 % (4/7) of the Fontan patients with AFF. No embolic events were reported acutely or during a 6-month follow-up period. Among patients with CHD who present with AFF, a particularly high incidence of intracardiac thrombi is present in the Fontan patients that may be difficult to detect by TTE. Thorough TEE examination of the Fontan and related structures is indicated before electric cardioversion of AFF. The incidence of intracardiac thrombus in CHD patients is more than double that reported in non-CHD patients.     

影像尿动力学评估先天性膀胱输尿管返流患儿的膀胱功能障碍

目的 采用影像尿动力学评估小儿先天性膀胱输尿管返流(VUR)与膀胱功能障碍的关系.方法 选取2011年4月至2013年7月在郑州大学第一附属医院就诊的67例VUR患儿为研究对象.患儿经影像尿动力学、尿常规、排泄性尿路造影等检查,记录患儿尿路感染、逼尿肌过度活动、逼尿肌括约肌协同失调及VUR程度等情况,根据尿动力学表现的不同分为正常组、单纯逼尿肌过度活动组和逼尿肌括约肌协同失调组(伴或不伴逼尿肌过度活动的逼尿肌括约肌协同失调),另外按照返流级别将患儿分为低级别返流(Ⅰ～Ⅱ度)和高级别返流(Ⅲ～Ⅴ度),分析膀胱功能与VUR侧别、返流程度以及尿路感染的关系.结果 VUR患儿合并膀胱功能异常占73.1％(49/67例),其中膀胱过度活动症占49.3％(33/49例),逼尿肌括约肌协同失调占23.8％(16/49例).单纯膀胱过度活动患儿多为单侧,Ⅰ～Ⅱ度返流,且较少合并尿路感染.而逼尿肌括约肌协同失调的患儿多为双侧,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度返流,且较多见尿路感染.结论 影像尿动力学可以准确诊断VUR,同时对患儿膀胱功能的评估,及临床制定治疗方案提供重要参考.     

危重症患儿血清上皮来源中性粒细胞活化肽-78的变化及意义

目的 探讨危重症患儿血清上皮来源中性粒细胞活化肽-78(ENA-78)的变化,及其与儿童危重症病情严重程度和预后的关系.方法 采用前瞻性病例对照研究,选取2013年9月至11月上海交通大学附属儿童医院重症医学科收治的42例危重症患儿(危重症组),入院后24h内(急性期)和第7天(恢复期)留取血标本;选取本院同期42例儿童体检残血样本作为对照.采用儿童危重病例评分标准(PCIS)和儿童死亡危险因素评分(PRISMⅢ)评估病情的危重程度;双抗体夹心酶联免疫法测定血清中ENA-78水平.结果 1.对照组血液ENA-78水平为(0.44 ±0.28) ng/L;危重症组急性期ENA-78为(2.85±0.89) ng/L,恢复期为(1.00±0.64) ng/L,危重症组与对照组、急性期与恢复期ENA-78水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P均=0.000).2.ENA-78水平与PCIS评分呈负相关(r=-0.724,P=0.000);PRISMⅢ≥10分组血清ENA-78水平明显高于PRISMⅢ＜10分组(P =0.000).危重症患儿中,存活组ENA-78水平与死亡组比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).3.严重感染患儿血清ENA-78水平与非感染性疾病组比较差异有统计学意义(P =0.000).4.随着器官功能障碍损伤范围扩大ENA-78水平相应上升,差异有统计学意义(P =0.000).结论 危重症患儿存在血液ENA-78水平的变化,测定血液中ENA-78水平,能对评估疾病严重程度及判断预后提供参考.     

胆道闭锁与婴儿肝炎综合征的诊断和鉴别指标的分析

目的 回顾性分析梗阻性黄疸患儿的实验室指标、肝胆超声与磁共振胰胆管造影在胆道闭锁与婴儿肝炎综合征的诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 收集2010年1月至2012年12月间在我院住院治疗的梗阻性黄疸患儿70例,胆道闭锁患儿50例,婴儿肝炎综合征患儿20例,均行肝胆超声及磁共振胰胆管造影检查;比较两者敏感度、特异性、准确性及预测值等,并对实验室相关指标进行统计分析及组间比较.结果 胆道闭锁组和婴儿肝炎综合征组谷氨酰转肽酶分别为(743.5±564.0) IU/L、(198.8±197.8)IU/L,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).若以谷氨酰转肽酶＞300IU/L作为胆道闭锁诊断标准,谷氨酰转肽酶诊断胆道闭锁灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为89.58％、68.18％、82.85％).肝胆超声诊断胆道闭锁灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为84.0％、100.0％、88.6％;磁共振胰胆管造影检查诊断胆道闭锁灵敏度、特异性、准确性分别为82.0％、80.0％、81.4％;差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 目前,肝胆超声是诊断胆道闭锁并与鉴别婴儿肝炎综合征的可靠方法,其敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测价值、阴性预测价值均高于磁共振胰胆管造影检查.     

The Effect of SIRT6 on the Odontoblastic Potential of Human Dental Pulp Cells

Introduction

The aim of this study was to investigate whether SIRT6 is expressed in human dental pulp as well as the effect of SIRT6 on proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs).

Methods

Immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical assays were used to detect the expression of SIRT6 in human dental pulp tissue and HDPCs. To determine the effect of SIRT6 on odontoblast differentiation, HDPCs with loss (HDPCs SIRT6 knockdown) and gain (HDPCs SIRT6 overexpression) of SIRT6 function were developed, and their proliferation ability was examined. Odontogenic differentiation of HDPCs was determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP-positive cell staining, alizarin red staining, and von Kossa staining. Mineralization-related genes, including ALP, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1, were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of DSPP protein.

Results

SIRT6 was found in the dental pulp tissue and HDPCs. SIRT6 knockdown decreased ALP activity in HDPCs; calcium nodule formation ability; and the expression of mineralization-related genes such as ALP, DSPP, and DMP1, whereas these were increased with the overexpression of SIRT6.

Conclusions

SIRT6 is expressed in human dental pulp and participates in the odontoblast differentiation of HDPCs.