The impacts of resilience on the association between illness uncertainty and sleep quality among Chinese women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Clinical Rheumatology - Our study aimed to investigate the effect of illness uncertainty on sleep quality among SLE women. Meanwhile, the role of resilience was explored in the association of...     

双尖钢板技术治疗髋臼后壁骨折

目的 探讨双尖钢板在治疗髋臼后壁骨折中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2008年7月-2012年7月应用双尖钢板技术治疗的11例髋臼后壁骨折,其中男8例,女3例,年龄22 ～ 53岁,平均35.3岁,受伤至手术时间为1～19d,平均7.8d.所有患者均采取Kocher-langenbeck入路,取AO1/3管型钢板制成双尖钢板,结合重建钢板固定后壁骨折块.术后采用Matta复位标准评价骨折复位情况,采用改良Merled'Aubigne和Postel标准评定髋关节功能.结果 本组11例患者获得平均25个月(12 ～33个月)门诊或电话随访.末次随访时骨折复位质量:优7例,良3例,可1例,差0例,优良率90.9％;根据Merled'Aubigne和Postel评分标准评定患者疗效:优6例,良3例,可2例,差0例,优良率81.8％.其中术后1例患者发生异位骨化;无感染、无股骨头缺血性坏死、无创伤性关节炎等并发症的发生.结论 对于髋臼后壁存在无法用螺钉固定的骨折块或存在臼缘小型骨折块时,双尖钢板结合重建钢板可以提供坚强、牢靠的固定,术后患者功能恢复好,是一项有效的固定方式.     

School‐Related Parental Involvement and Adolescent Academic Achievement: The Role of Community Poverty

Although most current studies have established the importance of school‐related parental involvement to adolescents' academic achievement, they are limited in that they do not address macrolevel community influences on such an association. This may be due in part to the lack of community‐level data or the use of inappropriate statistical strategies that cannot account for the influence of factors at the community level. To address this limitation, in this study, the authors examined the influence of community poverty on the association between school‐related parental involvement and adolescents' academic achievement. Using a large, nationally representative sample, results from a multilevel model suggested that, compared to adolescents living in more affluent communities, the positive effect of school‐related parental involvement on adolescents' academic achievement was significantly weaker for adolescents living in poor communities. Such findings suggested the importance of community poverty in influencing the effectiveness of school‐related parental involvement on adolescents' academic achievement.     

广西2007－2012 年结核分枝杆菌和艾滋病病毒联合感染患者死亡特征分析

目的 了解2007－2012 年广西结核分枝杆菌（MTB）/HIV 联合感染患者死亡特征,为有效控制联合感染提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2007－2012 年广西死因登记系统（VRS）中根本死因为HIV造成MTB感染死亡的个案及死因诊断为结核病（TB）的患者,核对病例在TB专报系统的实验室检测结果、诊断时间、发病时间等信息;用统计学方法统计分析病例的三间分布、死亡平均年龄、从发病到死亡时间间隔等特征。结果 2007－2012 年广西VRS登记的HIV 死亡患者中,203 例因感染MTB死亡,MTB/HIV联合感染死亡患者占同期AIDS、TB死亡患者的平均比例为8.24%（3.94%～13.27%）和9.90%（2.56%～26.88%）。2010－2012 年,MTB/HIV 死亡患者占同期AIDS、TB死亡患者的平均比例上升到10.66%和22.17%;MTB/HIV 联合感染死亡患者男女比例为4.21 ∶ 1;平均死亡年龄为44.65（44.65±15.52）岁;从TB发病到诊断时间M为37（94.31±206.07）d;从诊断到死亡平均间隔M为46（165.22±282.19）d;54.68%的MTB/HIV患者在诊断TB2 个月内死亡;从发病到死亡时间M为131（257.68±340.79）d;16.26%的联合感染死亡患者被细菌学确诊为TB病例。结论 细菌学确诊的MTB/HIV患者比例少于HIV阴性TB患者;而MTB导致的联合感染死亡患者占同期AIDS、TB死亡比例较大,且近3 年增加明显,需要增加抗病毒治疗覆盖面;大部分联合感染患者诊断TB后很快死亡,应尽早在HIV患者中发现TB患者。     

Pulmonary Mycosis Caused by Aspiration of Polluted Water after Near-Drowning： Case Reports and Literature Review

Pulmonary mycosis can be seen in previously healthy individuals after submersion or near-drowning. We present two cases of the disease confirmed with histological examination in immuno-competent patients after near-drowning incidents. The submersion event in contaminated water likely increases the risk of pulmonary mycosis .Monitoring in the intensive care unit, along with the use of corticosteroids and antibiotics could have rendered our patients more vulnerable to mycosis. The definite diagnosis relies on etiological identification by fungal culture and histopathological evidence, and it may be difficult because of the lack of etiological identification. Therefore, clinical diagnosis relies on the association of a host factor, clinical course, radiological findings and microbiological findings. While optimal treatment remains undefined, the empirical early use of voriconazole has been proposed in cases of suspected scedosporiosis after near-drowning or even prophylactically in all near-drowning patients. Application of broad spectrum antifungal drugs and close monitoring for side effects are the most important contributors to favorable outcome.     

Osteoporosis knowledge,self-efficacy,and health beliefs among Chinese individuals with HIV

Summary

The worldwide uptake of FRAX is described.

Introduction

The aim of this report was to determine the usage of FRAX worldwide over a 1-year period from 1 May 2012.

Methods

The number of FRAX calculations from each country was assessed over a 1-year period and expressed as calculations per million of the population aged 50 years or more. Countries were colour coded according to usage to populate a world map.

Results

Over the index year, there were estimated to be 2,391,639 calculations sourced from 173 counties. Uptake was high in North America, the Antipodes and most countries of Europe; intermediate in Latin America and the Middle East; and very low in Africa and much of South East Asia.

Conclusions

It is expected that the comparative data will encourage the development of new FRAX models and the uptake of FRAX into assessment guidelines.     

Mechanisms of Anti-inflammatory Property of Conserved Dopamine Neurotrophic Factor: Inhibition of JNK Signaling in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglia

Microglia are important resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and involved in the neuroinflammation caused by CNS disorders, including brain trauma, ischemia, stroke, infections, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our study explores the hypothesis that conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), a secretory neurotrophic factor, may provide a novel therapy for associated with neuroinflammation related to the microglia. We observed that CDNF was upregulated in rat primary microglia treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide, an inflammatory inducer, for 24 h. Thus, we hypothesize that CDNF may play a role, mediator or inhibitor, in regulating the inflammation in microglial cells induced by LPS. Finally, our data showed that CDNF significantly attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines (PGE2 and IL-1β) and remarkably alleviated the cytotoxicity (percentage of lactate dehydrogenase released) in the LPS-induced microglia by suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK, but not the P38 or ERK pathways. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory property of CDNF by inhibition of JNK signaling in LPS-induced microglia, suggesting that CDNF may be a potential novel agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation in the CNS disorders.     

Dynamics of ten‐eleven translocation hydroxylase family proteins and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in oligodendrocyte differentiation

The ten‐eleven translocation (TET) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases catalyze oxidation of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and promote DNA demethylation. Despite the abundance of 5hmC and TET proteins in the brain, little is known about their role in oligodendrocytes (OLs). Here, we analyzed TET expression during OL development in vivo and in vitro, and found that three TET family members possess unique subcellular and temporal expression patterns. Furthermore, the level of 5hmC exhibits dynamic changes during OL maturation, which implies that 5hmC modification may play a role in the expression of critical genes necessary for OL maturation. siRNA‐mediated silencing of the TET family proteins in OLs demonstrated that each of the TET proteins is required for OL differentiation. However, based on their unique domain structures, we speculate that the three TET members may function by different mechanisms. In summary, we have established the temporal expression of TET proteins and the dynamic level of 5hmC during OL development and demonstrate that all three TET members are necessary for OL differentiation. GLIA 2014;62:914–926     

Pinocembrin Protects SH-SY5Y Cells Against MPP+-Induced Neurotoxicity Through the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway

Pinocembrin (PB), the most abundant flavonoid in propolis, has been proven to have neuroprotective property against neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Our recent study demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of PB against Aβ_25–35-induced SH-SY5Y neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism as how PB can induce neuroprotection is not known. In the present study, we demonstrate here that PB abrogates the effects of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺) which mimics Parkinson’s disease (PD) with elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptotic death. We found that pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PB significantly reduced the MPP⁺-induced loss of cell viability, the generation of intracellular ROS, apoptotic rate, and the cleavage of caspase-3. PB strikingly inhibited MPP⁺-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, including lowered membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and the release of cytochrome c. Overall, these results suggest that PB is intimately involved in inhibiting MPP⁺-induced loss of mitochondrial function and induction of apoptosis that contributes toward neuronal survival. These data indicated that PB might provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD.     

Synergistic Inhibition on Acetylcholinesterase by the Combination of Berberine and Palmatine Originally Isolated from Chinese Medicinal Herbs

Alzheimer’s disease is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder devastatingly affecting the aged population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine might be benefit to Alzheimer’s disease patients. Berberine and palmatine, two isoquinoline alkaloids found in several medicinal herbs, were used for memory enhancement in China. In this study, the inhibitory effects of combined berberine and palmatine on acetylcholinesteras were evaluated using recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Our results showed that the combination of berberine and palmatine inhibited acetylcholinesterase in a mixed competitive pattern. By the median-effect principle, the calculated combination index of the combination was less than 1, suggesting that berberine and plamatine inhibited acetylcholinesterase synergistically. Furthermore, the drug-reducing index of berberine and palmatine were 2.98 and 2.66, respectively. Taken together, the results showed that the combination of the two alkaloids might potentially be developed as a more effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease patients.