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921.
目的 了解2007-2012 年广西结核分枝杆菌(MTB)/HIV 联合感染患者死亡特征,为有效控制联合感染提供科学依据。方法 收集整理2007-2012 年广西死因登记系统(VRS)中根本死因为HIV造成MTB感染死亡的个案及死因诊断为结核病(TB)的患者,核对病例在TB专报系统的实验室检测结果、诊断时间、发病时间等信息;用统计学方法统计分析病例的三间分布、死亡平均年龄、从发病到死亡时间间隔等特征。结果 2007-2012 年广西VRS登记的HIV 死亡患者中,203 例因感染MTB死亡,MTB/HIV联合感染死亡患者占同期AIDS、TB死亡患者的平均比例为8.24%(3.94%~13.27%)和9.90%(2.56%~26.88%)。2010-2012 年,MTB/HIV 死亡患者占同期AIDS、TB死亡患者的平均比例上升到10.66%和22.17%;MTB/HIV 联合感染死亡患者男女比例为4.21 ∶ 1;平均死亡年龄为44.65(44.65±15.52)岁;从TB发病到诊断时间M为37(94.31±206.07)d;从诊断到死亡平均间隔M为46(165.22±282.19)d;54.68%的MTB/HIV患者在诊断TB2 个月内死亡;从发病到死亡时间M为131(257.68±340.79)d;16.26%的联合感染死亡患者被细菌学确诊为TB病例。结论 细菌学确诊的MTB/HIV患者比例少于HIV阴性TB患者;而MTB导致的联合感染死亡患者占同期AIDS、TB死亡比例较大,且近3 年增加明显,需要增加抗病毒治疗覆盖面;大部分联合感染患者诊断TB后很快死亡,应尽早在HIV患者中发现TB患者。 相似文献
922.
Pulmonary mycosis can be seen in previously healthy individuals after submersion or near-drowning. We present two cases of the disease confirmed with histological examination in immuno-competent patients after near-drowning incidents. The submersion event in contaminated water likely increases the risk of pulmonary mycosis .Monitoring in the intensive care unit, along with the use of corticosteroids and antibiotics could have rendered our patients more vulnerable to mycosis. The definite diagnosis relies on etiological identification by fungal culture and histopathological evidence, and it may be difficult because of the lack of etiological identification. Therefore, clinical diagnosis relies on the association of a host factor, clinical course, radiological findings and microbiological findings. While optimal treatment remains undefined, the empirical early use of voriconazole has been proposed in cases of suspected scedosporiosis after near-drowning or even prophylactically in all near-drowning patients. Application of broad spectrum antifungal drugs and close monitoring for side effects are the most important contributors to favorable outcome. 相似文献
923.
Hsieh Evelyn Fraenkel Liana Bradley Elizabeth H. Xia Weibo Insogna Karl L. Cui Qu Li Kunli Li Taisheng 《Archives of osteoporosis》2014,9(1):1-10
Summary
The worldwide uptake of FRAX is described.Introduction
The aim of this report was to determine the usage of FRAX worldwide over a 1-year period from 1 May 2012.Methods
The number of FRAX calculations from each country was assessed over a 1-year period and expressed as calculations per million of the population aged 50 years or more. Countries were colour coded according to usage to populate a world map.Results
Over the index year, there were estimated to be 2,391,639 calculations sourced from 173 counties. Uptake was high in North America, the Antipodes and most countries of Europe; intermediate in Latin America and the Middle East; and very low in Africa and much of South East Asia.Conclusions
It is expected that the comparative data will encourage the development of new FRAX models and the uptake of FRAX into assessment guidelines. 相似文献924.
Hua Zhao Lei Cheng Yi Liu Wen Zhang Sailendra Maharjan Zhaoqiang Cui Xingli Wang Dongqi Tang Lin Nie 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2014,52(2):186-192
Microglia are important resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and involved in the neuroinflammation caused by CNS disorders, including brain trauma, ischemia, stroke, infections, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Our study explores the hypothesis that conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), a secretory neurotrophic factor, may provide a novel therapy for associated with neuroinflammation related to the microglia. We observed that CDNF was upregulated in rat primary microglia treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide, an inflammatory inducer, for 24 h. Thus, we hypothesize that CDNF may play a role, mediator or inhibitor, in regulating the inflammation in microglial cells induced by LPS. Finally, our data showed that CDNF significantly attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines (PGE2 and IL-1β) and remarkably alleviated the cytotoxicity (percentage of lactate dehydrogenase released) in the LPS-induced microglia by suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK, but not the P38 or ERK pathways. These results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory property of CDNF by inhibition of JNK signaling in LPS-induced microglia, suggesting that CDNF may be a potential novel agent for the treatment of neuroinflammation in the CNS disorders. 相似文献
925.
Dynamics of ten‐eleven translocation hydroxylase family proteins and 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine in oligodendrocyte differentiation
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The ten‐eleven translocation (TET) family of methylcytosine dioxygenases catalyze oxidation of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) to 5‐hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and promote DNA demethylation. Despite the abundance of 5hmC and TET proteins in the brain, little is known about their role in oligodendrocytes (OLs). Here, we analyzed TET expression during OL development in vivo and in vitro, and found that three TET family members possess unique subcellular and temporal expression patterns. Furthermore, the level of 5hmC exhibits dynamic changes during OL maturation, which implies that 5hmC modification may play a role in the expression of critical genes necessary for OL maturation. siRNA‐mediated silencing of the TET family proteins in OLs demonstrated that each of the TET proteins is required for OL differentiation. However, based on their unique domain structures, we speculate that the three TET members may function by different mechanisms. In summary, we have established the temporal expression of TET proteins and the dynamic level of 5hmC during OL development and demonstrate that all three TET members are necessary for OL differentiation. GLIA 2014;62:914–926 相似文献
926.
Yumin Wang Junhong Gao Yingchun Miao Qifu Cui Weili Zhao Junyi Zhang Hongquan Wang 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2014,53(4):537-545
Pinocembrin (PB), the most abundant flavonoid in propolis, has been proven to have neuroprotective property against neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Our recent study demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of PB against Aβ25–35-induced SH-SY5Y neurotoxicity. However, the mechanism as how PB can induce neuroprotection is not known. In the present study, we demonstrate here that PB abrogates the effects of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) which mimics Parkinson’s disease (PD) with elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and apoptotic death. We found that pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with PB significantly reduced the MPP+-induced loss of cell viability, the generation of intracellular ROS, apoptotic rate, and the cleavage of caspase-3. PB strikingly inhibited MPP+-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions, including lowered membrane potential, decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and the release of cytochrome c. Overall, these results suggest that PB is intimately involved in inhibiting MPP+-induced loss of mitochondrial function and induction of apoptosis that contributes toward neuronal survival. These data indicated that PB might provide a valuable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PD. 相似文献
927.
Shinghung Mak Wilson W. K. Luk Wei Cui Shengquan Hu Karl W. K. Tsim Yifan Han 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2014,53(3):511-516
Alzheimer’s disease is a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder devastatingly affecting the aged population worldwide. Previous studies have shown that medicinal herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine might be benefit to Alzheimer’s disease patients. Berberine and palmatine, two isoquinoline alkaloids found in several medicinal herbs, were used for memory enhancement in China. In this study, the inhibitory effects of combined berberine and palmatine on acetylcholinesteras were evaluated using recombinant human acetylcholinesterase. Our results showed that the combination of berberine and palmatine inhibited acetylcholinesterase in a mixed competitive pattern. By the median-effect principle, the calculated combination index of the combination was less than 1, suggesting that berberine and plamatine inhibited acetylcholinesterase synergistically. Furthermore, the drug-reducing index of berberine and palmatine were 2.98 and 2.66, respectively. Taken together, the results showed that the combination of the two alkaloids might potentially be developed as a more effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease patients. 相似文献
928.
Fangyuan Shi Shuangyan Duan Jihong Cui Xingrong Yan Hongmin Li Yingjuan Wang Fulin Chen Lihua Zhang Jun Liu Xin Xie 《Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN》2014,54(2):234-242
Substantial evidence suggests that inflammation is an important contributor to many neurodegenerative disorders. Activated microglial cells play an important role in releasing pro-inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) for inducing inflammation. Recently, some reports have suggested that glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) is highly expressed in microglia after LPS treatment. However, the role of GPNMB in activated microglia is not clearly understood. In this study, we used RT-PCR and Western blotting to detect GPNMB and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) expressions in activated microglia. GPNMB small interfering RNA (siRNA) or MMP-3 inhibitor was applied on microglial BV2 cells, and ELISA was performed to measure the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β in BV2 cells. Levels of iNOS and NO in BV2 cells were also determined. We found that the levels of GPNMB and MMP-3 were significantly increased in BV2 cells after LPS treatment. Moreover, we found that GPNMB significantly upregulated the expression of MMP-3 in BV2 cells, and high expression of MMP-3 was dependent on the level of GPNMB. Inhibition of GPNMB or MMP-3 expression by GPNMB siRNA or MMP-3 inhibitor dramatically suppressed the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and NO in activated microglia. All of these results suggest that GPNMB is involved in the inflammatory responses of microglia. 相似文献
929.
930.
Hua Pan MD Fan Jian MD Jinxi Lin MD PHD Na Chen BS Chunfang Zhang MD Zaiqiang Zhang MD Zeyu Ding MD Yongjun Wang MD Liying Cui MD Jun Kimura MD 《Muscle & nerve》2014,49(6):804-808
Introduction: To evaluate the sensitivity of electrophysiologic assessments, we compared F‐waves and motor and sensory nerve conduction studies (MNCS and SNCS) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: We tested median, ulnar, tibial, and fibular nerves in 132 DM patients divided into those with and without clinical evidence of polyneuropathy. Results: Of 64 asymptomatic patients, 2 (3%) had MNCS or SNCS abnormalities, both of whom had F‐wave changes, whereas 21 (33%) had only delayed F‐waves, for a combined yield of 23 (36%). The corresponding values for 68 symptomatic patients consisted of 43 (63%), 14 (21%), and 57 (84%). In both groups, F‐wave latency had a higher (P < 0.05) frequency of abnormality than MNCS in all nerves. F‐wave study also surpassed SNCS in lower limb nerves. Conclusions: F‐waves of the tibial and fibular nerves are the most sensitive measure to detect subclinical or overt diabetic polyneuropathy. Muscle Nerve 49 : 804–808, 2014 相似文献