A large real‐world cohort study examining the effects of long‐term entecavir on hepatocellular carcinoma and HBsAg seroclearance

Real‐world studies examining reduction in risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients receiving antivirals are limited by the small size of the studies, or by data insufficiency and heterogeneity with short follow‐up duration. We aimed to examine the real‐world long‐term outcome of patients receiving entecavir treatment on HCC incidence and HBsAg seroclearance. The incidence of HCC in 1225 entecavir‐treated patients between 2002 and 2015 was compared with the HCC incidence estimated using the REACH‐B, GAG‐HCC and CU‐HCC scores. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated. The impact of entecavir treatment on HBsAg seroclearance was also explored. The median follow‐up of the cohort was 6.6 years, with 66 cases of HCC development. Using the REACH‐B model, the reduction of HCC risk was significant from year 6 onwards with SIR of 0.68 (95% CI 0.535‐0.866) at year 10. In subgroup patients without cirrhosis, consistent risk reduction was observed from the fifth year and the SIR reached 0.51 (95% CI 0.271‐0.704) by year 10. Benefit in cirrhotic patients was demonstrated when using the GAG‐HCC and CU‐HCC score, with the SIR at year 10 being 0.38 (95% CI 0.259‐0.544) and 0.46 (95% CI 0.314‐0.659), respectively. The cumulative rate of HBsAg seroclearance was 5.2%. HBsAg level at third year of treatment and baseline‐to‐3‐year percentage reduction was predictive of subsequent HBsAg seroclearance. In conclusion, long‐term entecavir therapy was associated with significant reduction in the risk of HCC in the real world. However, HBsAg seroclearance rate remained low. Additional therapy may be considered in patients with adverse predictive factors for subsequent HBsAg seroclearance.     

应用基于体素的形态学测量在不同程度OSAHS脑灰质密度变化的研究

目的应用基于体素的形态学测量(VBM)技术初步探讨不同程度的OSAHS对大脑微观结构的影响。 方法应用PHILIPS 3.0 T磁共振对通过脑MRI-VBM技术比较研究2016年1月至2017年12月我院确诊的轻、中、重度OSAHS患者的脑结构变化情况。 结果①本研究对55例确诊的OSAHS患者依据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)将其分为轻、中、重度,各组间年龄、性别及海拔无明显差异(均P>0.05),轻度组平均血氧饱和度(MSpO₂)、最低氧饱和度(LSpO₂)均明显高于中度、重度组(P<0.05),重度OSAHS组AHI显著高于轻度、中度组(P＝0.000); ②中度OSAHS患者与轻度OSAHS患者VBM-MRI相比较,包括左侧杏仁核、左侧海马、左侧脑岛脑灰质体积减少;③重度OSAHS患者与轻度OSAHS患者VBM-MRI相比较,右侧海马旁回脑灰质体积减少;④重度OSAHS患者与中度OSAHS患者VBM-MRI相比较：包括左侧脑岛、左侧尾状核、左侧豆状壳核脑灰质体积增加;左侧丘脑、右侧丘脑脑灰质体积减少。 结论不同程度的OSAHS患者间歇缺氧下导致脑灰质有不同程度的变化,说明了OSAHS对患者的脑结构有着一定程度的影响。     

手术室量化评估策略对肺癌手术患者应激的影响

肺癌为近年来发病率与病死率增长最快的恶性肿瘤之一,因其早期症状不明显,患者临床确诊通常已至中晚期,而肺癌晚期预后差难以治疗,因此肺癌严重威胁人民健康[1-7]。肺癌常用的治疗方案是手术治疗,特别是近年来胸腔镜手术方法的成熟,其创伤小、并发症少的特点进一步提高了肺癌患者手术的成功率与生存率[8-9]。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并高血压的临床特征及危险因素分析

目的观察慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)合并高血压的临床特征,同时分析其相关的危险因素。 方法收集陆军军医大学新桥医院2016年1月至2018年12月住院的COPD合并高血压患者122例,观察COPD合并高血压的临床特征,同时以单纯COPD患者40例为对照组,应用多因素Logistic回归分析COPD合并高血压的危险因素。 结果122例COPD合并高血压患者中,29.41%合并冠心病、22.99%合并肾疾病和糖尿病、21.39%合并肺心病、14.97%合并脑梗死、4.28%合并心绞痛、4.28%合并心肌梗死、9.63%合并其他心血管疾病。合并冠心病、心肌梗死、其他心血管疾病患者平均年龄显著高于COPD合并高血压患者对照组(P<0.05);合并肺心病患者病程显著长于对照组(P<0.05);合并冠心病、糖尿病、脑梗死、心绞痛、心肌梗死患者每年急性加重次数显著多余对照组(P<0.05);合并心绞痛和其他心血管疾病患者住院时间显著长于对照组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄(>80岁)、吸烟支数(>700支/年)、饮酒史、CRP(>50 mg/L)、BNP(>100 ng/L)、高血糖是COPD患者合并高血压的危险因素。 结论COPD合并高血压易引起其他相关性疾病而加重病情,及早关注其危险因素可提高患者预后。     

严重脓毒症/脓毒症休克患者预后的高危因素

目的分析严重脓毒症/脓毒症休克患者的临床资料、致病菌分布及生化指标情况,探讨影响危重脓毒症患者预后的高危因素。 方法选择我院2004年12月至2014年12月收治的1 013例严重脓毒症/脓毒症休克患者作为研究对象,记录患者一般资料、生理学和慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)、感染部位及致病菌、生化指标等,根据预后情况分为存活组562例和死亡组451例,采用logistic回归分析影响患者预后的独立危险因素。 结果死亡组患者与存活组相比,年龄(59.62±11.21 vs. 46.32±9.46)岁、APACHE Ⅱ评分(25.26±8.75 vs. 13.67±6.57)、脓毒症休克所占比率(54.99% vs. 27.22%)均明显增加(P<0.05),存活组患者的血清白蛋白与血小板计数水平明显高于死亡组患者(P<0.05),降钙素原与血乳酸水平明显低于死亡组患者,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者呼吸系统感染比例(35.05% vs. 36.59%)与G^-菌感染比例(46.44% vs. 63.64%)最高,患者年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、血乳酸、降钙素原与危重脓毒症患者的预后呈负相关关系(r＝-0.359、-0.876、-0.582、-0.821,P<0.05),血清白蛋白与危重脓毒症患者的预后呈正相关关系(r＝0.637,P<0.05)。年龄+APACHEⅡ+血乳酸+血降钙素原+血清白蛋白联合检测对严重脓毒症/脓毒症休克患者死亡具有更高的预测价值(AUC＝0.981)。 结论年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、血乳酸、降钙素原及血清白蛋白是影响严重脓毒症/脓毒症休克患者预后的独立危险因素,对早期预测和有效改善严重脓毒症/脓毒症休克患者预后具有具有重要的临床。     

MFC/NFC-Based Foam/Aerogel for Production of Porous Materials: Preparation,Properties and Applications

Nanofibrillated cellulose and microfibrillated cellulose are potential raw materials separated from plant fibers with a high aspect ratio and excellent mechanical properties, which can be applied in various fields (packaging, medicine, etc.). They have unique advantages in the preparation of aerogels and foams, and have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Cellulose-based porous materials have good biodegradability and biocompatibility, while high porosity and high specific surface area endow them with strong mechanical properties and liquid retention performance, which can be used in wall construction, sewage treatment and other fields. At present, the preparation method of this material has been widely reported, however, due to various process problems, the actual production has not been realized. In this paper, we summarize the existing technical problems and main solutions; in the meantime, two stable systems and several drying processes are described, and the application potential of cellulose-based porous materials in the future is described, which provides a reference for subsequent research.     

Dielectric ceramics/TiO2/single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane heterostructure for high performance flexible thin-film transistors on plastic substrates

A dielectric ceramics/TiO₂/single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane (SiNM) heterostructure is designed and fabricated for high performance flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs). Both the dielectric ceramics (Nb₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–MgO) and TiO₂ are deposited by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at room temperature, which is compatible with flexible plastic substrates. And the single-crystalline SiNM is transferred and attached to the dielectric ceramics/TiO₂ layers to form the heterostructure. The experimental results demonstrate that the room temperature processed heterostructure has high quality because: (1) the Nb₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–MgO/TiO₂ heterostructure has a high dielectric constant (∼76.6) and low leakage current. (2) The TiO₂/single-crystalline SiNM structure has a relatively low interface trap density. (3) The band gap of the Nb₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–MgO/TiO₂ heterostructure is wider than TiO₂, which increases the conduction band offset between Si and TiO₂, lowering the leakage current. Flexible TFTs have been fabricated with the Nb₂O₃–Bi₂O₃–MgO/TiO₂/SiNM heterostructure on plastic substrates and show a current on/off ratio over 10⁴, threshold voltage of ∼1.2 V, subthreshold swing (SS) as low as ∼0.2 V dec⁻¹, and interface trap density of ∼10¹² eV⁻¹ cm⁻². The results indicate that the dielectric ceramics/TiO₂/SiNM heterostructure has great potential for high performance TFTs.

Dielectric ceramics/TiO2/single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane heterostructure for high performance flexible thin-film transistors.