305例尿石成份分析及预防对策

目的研究一种快速、简便的方法对泌尿系结石进行分析,并探讨其防治方法。方法用化学常量法对305例患者的尿石标本进行化学成份测定,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果发现结石发病男性多于女性(比例为3.2∶1),20~50岁多发,上尿路结石多于下尿路结石(5.4∶1)。结石中草酸钙检出率达82%,尿酸盐55.2%,磷酸钙48.6%,磷酸镁铵与碳酸磷灰石则多见于泌尿系感染病例,胱氨酸结石少见。结论化学常量法分析泌尿系结石简便、快捷、准确。结石成份分析对于了解结石成因、预防结石复发具有一定的意义。     

p53基因(今又生~)联合支气管动脉化疗治疗肺癌15例近期疗效观察

目的探讨瘤内注射或经支气管动脉灌注p53基因联合支气管动脉灌注化疗(BAI)治疗肺癌的安全性、疗效和给药途径。方法经病理证实的15例肺癌,首先在CT引导下经皮穿刺瘤内注射或经支气管动脉灌注p53基因(今又生~),2～5天后,行BAI灌注化疗药物;然后根据病情变化再次进行基因治疗和/或BAI。治疗后常规使用螺旋CT定期复查,评价治疗效果。结果全部15例患者均完成上述治疗,并接受随访2～11个月。有效率(CR+PR)46.7%(7/15),1例肺部肿块消失,6例肺部肿块缩小,3例纵隔淋巴结缩小,1例胸水减少,仅1例观察到肿瘤长大,14例临床症状有不同程度缓解93.3%(14/15)。p53治疗后6例出现发热(38℃～40℃),未观察到基因药物的其它严重副作用,无严重操作有关并发症出现。结论本研究结果初步显示,作为肿瘤综合治疗的一部分,p53基因治疗与BAI联合应用,是一种治疗肺癌安全、有效的方法,提高了BAI的治疗效果。经皮瘤内注射p53是否为一种较好的给药途径值得进一步探讨。     

直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的临床特征分析

目的了解原发性直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的临床特点。方法回顾性分析9例原发性直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤的临床资料,并复习文献。结果直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤以女性多见,平均发病年龄56岁,病程5.8个月;首发症状以血便为最常见,其次为肛门肿物突出。94.7%的直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤在距离肛缘5.0cm范围内;肿瘤最大径(3.3±2.1)cm;其中54.5%可活动;有19.1%的肿瘤表面光滑;6.6%的肿瘤质地软;14.0%同期发现转移,肝转移最常见,腹股沟淋巴结转移其次;的病例出现误诊,超过者被误诊为良性疾病;手术治疗中以Miles术为主,经肛门局部切除术其次。结论直肠肛管恶性黑色素瘤极易误诊。手术治疗为主。     

冠状动脉造影病人的心理问题及护理

目前，冠状动脉造影已成为诊断冠心病，明确冠状动脉狭窄部位、程度的重要方法，对冠心病的诊断可达定量水平，为估计病人预后、决定药物使用及介入性治疗提供了更为确切的指标。由于介入性诊治属有创性，存在一定的风险，且术后需卧床制动，因此，绝大多数病人对该术存在担心恐惧等心理，加之术中、术后所承受的不适感觉，在很大程度上影响着该术的成功及病情变化，为减轻病人恐惧与担心，增加手术的成功率，认真做好病人的心理护理就显得尤为重要。自2000年6月我科开展冠状动脉介入性诊治护理以来，对病人心理特征不断进行观察分析，现将其总结如下。     

含吡嗪酰胺抗痨治疗方案的肝毒性临床观察

对203例结核病患者用含吡嗪酰胺(PZA)方案治疗产生肝脏毒性进行分析,发生率为16.7％,较国内外报告的1～5％为高。5种含PZA方案肝毒性反应的发生率无差异(P>0.05),91％肝毒性发生在开始治疗两个月内,绝大多数预后良好。肝功能的GPT100单位以下者多在4周内恢复,100单位及以上者大多需8周以上恢复正常。如伴有黄疸个别可出现严重肝功能损害。提示含PZA方案一般较安全,但应严格掌握含PZA方案的适应症;用药早期要注意作好肝功能监测。     

CT引导下颈侧入路舌咽神经毁损术

目的探讨CT引导下颈侧入路舌咽神经毁损术对舌咽神经痛及舌咽神经支配区顽固性疼痛的疗效. 方法 A组16例舌咽神经痛及B组12例舌咽神经支配区顽固性疼痛,采用CT引导经皮穿刺定位于茎突前缘第2颈椎水平,注入局麻药仅阻滞舌咽神经,注入7%苯酚甘油溶液0.8 ml. 结果 A组完全缓解率87.5%(14/16),总有效率100%(16/16),随访6个月无复发;B组完全缓解率50%(6/12),总有效率83.3%(10/12),随访6个月,复发6例(50.0%).2组均无严重并发症. 结论 CT介导下颈侧入路舌咽神经毁损术具有疗效可靠,定位准确,操作安全的特点,并有效减少严重并发症的发生.     

Addressing quality of life issues in adolescents: social skills interventions.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether social skills training can improve the social interaction skills of adolescents with craniofacial conditions (CFCs) in a natural environment (school lunchroom). DESIGN: This study used a pre-post between-group comparison design. Differences between treatment and control subjects were analyzed via a repeated measures analysis of variance. SETTING: The observations were conducted in the respective school lunch-rooms of the adolescents. Social skills groups were conducted in an outpatient clinic setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Structured data based on 45 minutes of observation was coded for type, frequency, and duration of social contact. Specific measures included subject initiations and responses, peer initiations and responses, conversation events, total positive communication, and frequency of nondirected comments. RESULTS: Both target and peer-controlled total communication improved across time with adolescents receiving social skills intervention showing significantly more improvement than those adolescents not receiving direct social skills interventions. Adolescents receiving treatment participated in significantly more target initiated conversations lasting at least three interchanges and showed a trend toward a greater frequency of target initiations and positive responses to peer initiations. Peers were more likely to respond to treatment subject initiations after intervention. Fewer treatment subjects used nondirected communication, whereas control subjects continued to use nondirected communication at a slightly increased frequency. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that social skills training can increase the frequency of positive social interactions with peers for adolescents with CFCs.     

国产腺苷介入心肌灌注断层显像对心肌缺血的诊断价值

目的评价国产腺苷负荷心肌灌注断层显像对心肌缺血的诊断价值及腺苷试验的安全性。方法 102例临床疑冠心病患者行腺苷负荷/静息~(99)Tc~m-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像,其中70例显像1周内又行冠状动脉(简称冠脉)造影检查。腺苷按体重0.84 mg·kg~(-1)通过输液泵静脉双通路给药,对心肌灌注断层显像图作定性分析。结果 70例行冠脉造影者中正常31例,有冠脉狭窄病变者39例(单支病变19例,双支病变10例,3支病变10例);共检出病变血管69支,累及左前降支32支,左回旋支16支,右冠脉20支,左主干1支。腺苷负荷心肌灌注断层显像正常33例,心肌缺血37例,其对冠心病心肌缺血诊断的灵敏度为82.05%(32/39例),特异性为83.87%(26/31例),准确性为82.86%(58/70例),阳性预测值为86.49%(32/37例),阴性预测值为78.79%(26/33例)。对各病变血管检出的灵敏度为:左前降支75.00%(24/32支),左回旋支62.50%(10/16支),右冠脉80.00%(16/20支)。对单支、双支、3支血管病变诊断的灵敏度分别为68 42%、90.00%和100%。腺苷负荷心肌灌注断层显像对病变冠脉诊断总灵敏度为73.53%(50/68支),特异性96.48%(137/142支),准确性89.05%(187/210支),阳性预测值90.91%(50/55支),阴性预测值88.39%(137/155支)。腺苷试验不良反应轻,时间短,发生率为85.29%(87/102例)。结论国产腺苷负荷试验介入~(99)Tc~m-MIBI 心肌灌注断层显像安全可靠。     

Use of a violence risk assessment tool in an acute care hospital: effectiveness in identifying violent patients.

This study examined the use and effectiveness of the Alert assessment form. The form is part of the Alert system, used by one large acute care hospital to identify patients with a propensity for violence. All reported incidents of patient violence from August 1, 2003, through December 31, 2004, were included in patient charts. One hundred seventeen violent patient charts were reviewed and compared with 161 non-violent patient charts, randomly chosen from the same time period. Overall use of the Alert assessment form for violent and non-violent patients was 75.7% and 35.4%, respectively. The assessment form was found to have moderate sensitivity (71%) and high specificity (94%). It is reasonably effective in identifying potentially violent or aggressive patients when it is used according to protocol. Efforts to improve the tool are warranted, as is evaluation of its benefit in settings with low prevalence of violence. Also, greater effort must be taken to prevent violence once an aggressive patient has been identified.