Neuroprotective effect of estrogen after chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats

BACKGROUND: At present, there is still lack of effective drugs for chronic spinal cord injury, whereas it is found recently that estrogen has a neuroprotective effect on brain and spinal cord injuries. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of estrogen on the apoptosis of nerve cells after gradual chronic spinal cord injury in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal trial. SETTING: Institute of Orthopaedics, the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University. MATERIALS: Sixty-five female Wistar rats of common degree, weighing 220–250 g, were provided by the experimental animal center of Lanzhou University. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n =5), estrogen-treated group (n =30) and saline control group (n =30), and the latter two groups were observed at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days respectively, and 5 rats for each time point. METHODS: All the rats were treated with bilateral oophorectomy 2 weeks before the experiment. T10 vertebral lamina was revolved into using plastic screw. The spinal canal impingement was not induced initially. After that, the original incision was opened to expose the screw every 7–10 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The apoptosis and Caspase-3 positive cells in the damaged spinal cord were detected using terminal deoxynucleotidal transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and Caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 60 days after chronic spinal cord injury respectively. RESULTS: Totally 65 rats were used, and the deleted ones during the experiment were supplemented by others. Changes of Caspase-3 expression after spinal cord injury: In the sham-operated group, only a small amount of Caspase-3 proteins were observed in the rat spinal cord, mainly located in motor neurons of spinal cord anterior horn. In the estrogen-treated group and saline control group, positive cells expressed occasionally at 1 day postoperatively, began to increase obviously at 7 days after injury, strongly expressed at 14 and 28 days, but decreased at 60 days, mainly located in the neurons of spinal cord gray matter anterior horn, and they expressed fewer in the motor neurons and white matter of ventral horn, and there were obvious differences between the estrogen-treated group and saline control group at 7, 14, 28 and 60 days (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Estrogen can reduce the apoptosis of nerve cells and promote the recovery of neurological function following gradual chronic spinal cord injury.     

大白鼠肾上腺的血管构筑

本实验采用血管铸型扫描电镜,注射明胶卡红组织切片显微镜下观察和注射铅丹乳胶追踪血管来源三种方法对14只健康大白鼠肾上腺血管构筑进行了研究。大白鼠肾上腺动脉发自腹主动脉和肾动脉。它们在行程中发出分支至腺体表面,再次分支穿入囊内,逐级分支至毛细血管。皮质动脉发自囊内血管,它们在皮质中分支分布。球状带的毛细血管与囊的毛细血管相连,毛细血管在球状带围绕细胞团形成网眼状;在束状带呈放射状排列;在网状带吻合增多形成网状。髓质动脉亦发自囊的血管,它们在皮质中不发分支直抵髓质,在髓质分成毛细血管。网状带的毛细血管越向髓质口径越粗,它们在皮髓交界处互相吻合形成更粗的静脉,这些静脉逐级吻合,最后形成一主干——中央静脉,它穿出皮质出现于肾上腺门处。左侧的中央静脉注入在肾静脉,右侧的注入下腔静脉。     

Acute psychotropic effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation and levodopa in Parkinson's disease.

High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) improves the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Opposite changes in mood, such as mania or depression, have been reported after surgery, but it is not known whether these side effects are specifically related to STN DBS. To learn whether STN DBS also influences the limbic loop, we investigated acute subjective psychotropic effects related to levodopa or bilateral STN DBS. After a median postoperative follow-up of 12 months, 50 PD patients completed the Addiction Research Center Inventory (ARCI), assessing subjective psychotropic effects in four conditions: off-drug/on-stimulation; off-drug/off-stimulation; on-drug/off-stimulation; and on-drug/on-stimulation. Both levodopa and STN DBS improved all the ARCI subscales, indicating subjective feelings of well being, euphoria, increase in motivation, and decrease in fatigue, anxiety, and tension. A suprathreshold dose of levodopa was significantly more effective than STN DBS, using the same electrical parameters as for chronic stimulation, on four of the five ARCI subscales. We concluded that 1) both STN DBS and levodopa have synergistic acute beneficial psychotropic effects in PD, 2) the psychotropic effects of both treatments need to be considered in the long-term management of chronic STN DBS, and 3) the results indicate an involvement of the limbic STN in mood disorders of PD.     

Adrafinil-induced orofacial dyskinesia.

We describe the first case of orofacial abnormal movements induced by adrafinil, a vigilance promoting agent of the same pharmacological class as modafinil. The dyskinesias did not spontaneously recover despite adrafinil withdrawal for a 4-month period. They were secondly dramatically improved by tetrabenazine, a presynaptic dopaminergic depleting drug which was introduced after the 4-month adrafinil-free period.     

湿润烧伤膏治疗外伤性末节指(趾)骨外露体会

目的：探讨MEBO治疗骨外露的临床疗效。方法：对2005年10月至2006年2月处置外伤性指（趾）骨外露3例采用MEBO治疗。结果：3例创面全部愈合,时间均为3周。结论：MEBO治疗外伤性末节指（趾）骨外露简便,实用,疗效可靠,不影响美观。     

提升医院档案使用价值

广东省中山市黄圃人民医院始建于1956年，迄今已有四十多年的历史。近年来，在各级政府的亲切关怀和卫生主管部门的大力支持下，医院乘改革开放的春风，全院上下团结携手，艰苦奋斗，积极进取，励精图治，走出了一条自我发展、自我完善之路，在临床治疗、专科建设上逐步形成了自己的风格和特色，取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。1994年获国家级爱婴医院称号，1995年被省卫生厅评为二级甲等医院，1998年顺利通过市档案局评审，     

脆性X综合征的遗传学诊断与产前诊断

脆性X综合征( fragile X syndrome,FraX )是一种常见的遗传性智力低下综合征,其发病率仅次于Down综合征,呈X连锁遗传,占X连锁智力低下的40%[1].1992年,Erster SH等报道其发病率男性为1/1250,女性约为1/2000;1997年,De Vries BB等报道其发病率男性为1/4000,女性为1/6000[2-3].发病率下降的原因可能是随着诊断技术的提高,减少误诊的结果.     

Deletion spanning the 5′ ends of both the COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes in a patient with Alport's syndrome and leiomyomatosis

Alport's syndrome is characterized clinically by a nonimmune glomerulopathy, often accompanied by sensorineural hearing loss and lens abnormalities, frequently due to mutations in the COL4A5 gene. The association of AS with diffuse leiomyomatosis, a benign proliferation of smooth muscle that occurs most often in the esophagus, trachea, and female genitalia, has been reported. Recently, a deletion involving both the COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes has been reported in four unrelated families. We report an additional case with Alport's syndrome associated with leiomyomatosis carrying a deletion of both COL4A5 and COL4A6 genes. A detailed characterization of the genomic region involved in the deletion event has been performed. Our results demonstrate that the deletion removed exon l of COL4A5 and exons l and 2 of COL4A6. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

API2-MALT1融合基因变异体在粘膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤中的分布及凋亡的关系

目的探讨API2-MALT1融合基因变异体在粘膜相关淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal marginal zone B—cell lymphoma of mucosa—associated lymphoid tissue，MALT)中的分布特点及其转录与肿瘤凋亡的关系。方法将逆转录-聚合酶链反应和巢式聚合酶链式反应结合，检测62例不同部位MALT淋巴瘤中API2-MALT1融合基因的多种变异体；通过TdT介导脱氧核苷酸缺口末端标记技术进行肿瘤细胞的原位凋亡检测；通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应和免疫组化染色检测API2的mRNA和蛋白水平。结果62例MALT淋巴瘤中28例检出API2-MALT1融合基因(45．16％)，为变异体A1446-M1123或A1446-M814，但未检出A1446-M541和A1446-M1150。A1446-M1123(18／28)的检出明显多于A1446-M814(10／28)。融和基因转录在甲状腺MALT淋巴瘤中检出最低，在其它部位的分布无差异。在API2-MALT1^ 组(API2-MALT1mRNA表达阳性组)肿瘤凋亡水平明显高于API2-MALT1^-组(API2-MALT1mRNA表达阴性组)，API2的mRNA和蛋白水平低于阴性组。A1446-M1123^ 与A1446-M814^ 病例之间凋亡和API2的变化无差异。结论MALT淋巴瘤中t(11；18)(q21；q21)的发生有部位差异，A1446-M1123可能是中国人MALT淋巴瘤中API2-MALT1融合基因变异体的主要类型。API2-MALT1融合基因转录与MALT淋巴瘤的凋亡水平和API2的变化有关。