肉桂醛多相催化选择性加氢制肉桂醇的研究进展

从催化剂活性组分、助剂、载体和还原方法等多方面综述了近年来肉桂醛多相选择性加氢制备肉桂醇的方法研究,探讨了肉桂醛加氢活性和肉桂醇选择性的影响因素,并展望了肉桂醛选择性加氢的发展前景。通过催化剂设计提高非贵金属催化剂的活性、选择性和稳定性,并进一步降低反应温度和压力是今后的研究方向。     

Omega-9 Modifies Viscoelasticity and Augments Bone Strength and Architecture in a High-Fat Diet-Fed Murine Model

The influence of diet on the development of osteoporosis is significant and not fully understood. This study investigated the effect of diets of varying lipid profiles and ω-3, ω-6 and ω-9 composition on the structural and mechanical properties of bone. The hypothesis studied was that a diet high in saturated fat would induce osteoporosis and produce an overall increased detrimental bony response when compared with a diet high in unsaturated ω-6, or ω-9. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet, 50:50 mix (saturated:unsaturated) high in ω-9 (HFD^50:50), a diet high in saturated fat (HSF) or a polyunsaturated fat diet high in ω-6 (PUFA) over an 8-week duration. Tibiae were retrieved and evaluated using DMA, 3-point-bending, histomorphometry, and microCT. Mice fed a HSF diet displayed key features characteristic of osteoporosis. The loss tangent was significantly increased in the HFD^50:50 diet group compared with control (p = 0.016) and PUFA-fed animals (p = 0.049). HFD^50:50-fed mice presented with an increased viscous component, longer tibiae, increased loss modulus (p = 0.009), and ultimate stress, smaller microcracks (p < 0.001), and increased trabecular width (p = 0.002) compared with control animals. A diet high in ω-9 resulted in an overall superior bone response and further analysis of its role in bone health is warranted.     

以眼部症状为突出表现的鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤

目的:探讨以眼部症状为突出表现的鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床特点及误诊原因。方法:回顾性分析2009-2011年诊治的11例以眼部症状为突出表现的鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料。结果:首诊误诊率为72.7%,1次病理检查误诊率为27.3%。以眼部症状为突出表现的鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤发病较快,影像学表现相对特异。结论:以眼部症状为突出表现的鼻NK/T细胞淋巴瘤易误诊;结合临床特点、影像学表现,经病理学检查有助于尽早确诊。     

听神经病患者的单音节识别率与言语声强的函数关系分析

目的分析听神经病（auditory neuropathy,AN）患者在不同测试强度下的单音节识别率,总结AN患者在言语识别方面的特点。方法AN患者10例,共20耳。根据听力图形状将AN患者分为上升型听力组和非上升型听力组,两组分别包括12耳和8耳。分别在患耳0．5、1、2和4kHz纯音平均听阈（4FA）以及4FA上10dB、20dB、30dB共4个强度测试单音节识别率。绘制得分一强度（Performance--Intensity,P—I）函数曲线。结果AN患者的P—I曲线大致可以分为3段。在昕阈附近得分较低,在4FA＋20dB处达到相对较高得分,平均最大言语识别率为42．8％±23．8％;在4FA＋20dB以上得分没有随强度增加显著增长,而是总体得分呈轻微回跌。大多数AN患者P—I曲线呈非单调性,且变异范围较大,最大言语识别率得分的差异可达60％～70％。在各强度下,上升型听力组和非上升型听力组在全部4个强度下得分无统计学差异。结论AN患者的单音节P—I曲线呈现低得分、非单调、变异大的特点。     

瞬时受体电位通道家族M8亚型在大鼠偏头痛发病机制中的作用

目的　通过检测瞬时受体电位通道家族M8(TRPM8)亚型在偏头痛模型大鼠三叉神经组织中的表达变化探讨TRPM8在大鼠偏头痛发病机制中的作用。方法　将20只雄性Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠随机分为空白对照组和模型组, 每组10只。采用颈背部每周1次皮下注射硝酸甘油(10 mg/kg)建立无先兆性偏头痛大鼠模型, 共5周; 对照组则用生理盐水代替硝酸甘油行皮下注射。最后一次皮下注射4 h后, 对各组大鼠行行为学评分, 而后采集两组大鼠颅底三叉神经节, 采用免疫组化法检测两组三叉神经节中谷氨酸受体(NMDAR)的表达变化; 采用免疫荧光检测法观察两组三叉神经节中蛋白激酶A(PKA)的表达; 采用western blot法检测TRPM8蛋白在两组中的表达情况。结果　模型组大鼠在建模过程中每周的行为学评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。模型组中NMDAR、PKA及TRPM8表达水平均高于对照组(P<0.01)。行为学评分与TRPM8表达水平呈正相关(r=0.822, P<0.01); NMDAR与TRPM8表达水平亦呈正相关(r=0.794, P<0.01)。结论 TRPM8可能参与了偏头痛的发病机制, 并且可能是通过NMDAR途径实现。     

Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Songjiang district,Shanghai between 2015 and 2017: Evaluation of participation rate and the associated factor

Little is known about the participation rate of newly implemented colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs in China. Our goals were to identify factors associated with nonparticipation for CRC screening in Songjiang District, Shanghai.We analyzed individuals included in an observational cohort study from 4 towns (Xin Qiao, She Shan, Mao Gang, and Zhong Shan) in Songjiang District. The participation rate was calculated for the CRC screening program based on a fecal immunochemical test and a risk assessment questionnaire between 2015 and 2017 inclusive.Of the 27,130 individuals eligible for inclusion in this study, 20,863 (76.9%) participated in CRC screening at least once during 2015 and 2017. The factors linked with nonparticipation were; being male (odds ratio [OR] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.82–0.93, P < .01), unmarried (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.64–0.80, P < .01), having a high education level (middle school, OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.90, P < .01, high school or above, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.57–0.73, P < .01), absence of chronic disease (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.85–0.96, P < .01), and living in 2 out of the 4 towns covered (Xin Qiao, OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66–0.78, P < .01, Zhong Shan, OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.26–0.31, P < .01).The current study revealed several associated factors with nonparticipation for the CRC screening in Songjiang district. These findings will help identify target populations that require an individualized approach to increase the participation rate.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间儿童和青少年的心理行为问题:Scoping综述北大核心CSCD

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)流行期间儿童和青少年的心理行为问题及影响因素,为相关问题的防治提供参考依据。方法检索中国知网、万方知识数据服务平台、PubMed和Web of Science数据库,采用主题检索方式,检索时间为建库至2022年3月31日,提取相关文献数据进行Scoping综述。结果共检索到文献3951篇,最终纳入35篇,来自12个国家,多数文献来源于儿科学、精神病学、心理学及流行病学相关主题期刊,研究方法大多数采用横断面调查研究。儿童和青少年的心理行为问题主要包括抑郁/焦虑/压力、睡眠问题、网络行为问题、创伤后应激障碍和自伤/自杀5种。影响因素分别从社会人口学特征、生活方式的改变和COVID-19的应对方式3个方面进行分析。结论COVID-19流行期间,国内外儿童和青少年的心理行为问题形势严峻,未来可以通过相关影响因素进一步开展调查研究来改善相关心理行为问题。     

Resistin induces insulin resistance, but does not affect glucose output in rat-derived hepatocytes

AIM: The aim of the present study was to observe the effects of resistin on insulin sensitivity and glucose output in rat-derived hepatocytes. METHODS: The rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE was cultured and stimulated with resistin; supernant glucose and glycogen content were detected. The insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS-2, protein kinase B/Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta(GSK-3 beta), the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS-3) protein content, as well as the phosphorylation status were assessed by Western blotting. Specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against SOCS-3 were used to knockdown SOCS-3. RESULTS: Resistin induced insulin resistance, but did not affect glucose output in rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE. Resistin attenuated multiple effects of insulin, including insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and phosphorylation of IRS, protein kinase B/Akt, as well as GSK-3beta. Resistin treatment markedly induced the gene and protein expression of SOCS-3, a known inhibitor of insulin signaling. Furthermore, a specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide directed against SOCS-3 treatment prevented resistin from antagonizing insulin action. CONCLUSION: The major function of resistin on liver is to induce insulin resistance. SOCS-3 induction may contribute to the resistin-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling in H4IIE hepatocytes.     

TM6SF2在非酒精性脂肪肝病中的研究进展

非酒精性脂肪肝病（nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD）是一类慢性肝脏疾病,以肝脏中甘油三酯（triglycerides,TG）异常积聚为特征,其发病率逐年增加,是目前最常见的肝脏疾病。跨膜6超家族成员2(transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2,TM6SF2)属于跨膜蛋白超家族成员,大量研究证实TM6SF2在NAFLD的发生发展中起重要作用。本文就TM6SF2在NAFLD中的作用及可能机制进行综述。     

嘎日迪-13对局灶性脑缺血大鼠NSE、TNF-α、IL-6表达的影响

目的探讨血清中神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)在大鼠脑缺血损伤后的作用及嘎日迪-13对其影响。方法取雄性SD大鼠360只,将大鼠随机分为脑缺血模型组、假手术组及嘎日迪-13大、中、小剂量(0.24、0.12、0.06 g/kg)组,每组又随机分为缺血1、6、12、24、72、120 h的6个时相组,采用改良Zea Longa线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)模型,ELISA法检测血清中NSE、TNF-α、IL-6水平。结果NSE、TNF-α、IL-6在假手术组表达少;而在模型组脑缺血损伤1 h后开始上升,NSE于12 h达高峰,TNF-α、IL-6在24 h达高峰,之后逐渐下降(P0.01);嘎日迪-13各剂量治疗组能显著降低神经功能评分,NSE、TNF-α、IL-6表达量明显受到抑制(P0.01、0.05)。结论嘎日迪-13对大鼠脑缺血损伤具有明显的保护作用,提示嘎日迪-13可能是通过减轻脑缺血损伤后神经元的损伤,调节炎症因子相互之间的作用,减轻脑组织损伤,从而发挥对脑缺血损伤的治疗作用。