630名四川农村成人牙本质敏感流行病学调查分析

目的 了解四川省农村成人牙本质敏感的患病状况,并探讨可能的危险因素.方法 采用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样的方法,对四川省农村630名成人进行牙本质敏感问卷调查和口腔临床检查,使用SPSS 18.0软件对调查数据进行统计分析.结果 四川省农村成人牙本质敏感的患病率为27.9%,酸刺激是最常见的敏感诱发因素.第一前磨牙...     

人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养液中的生长特性

目的：探讨人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养液中的生长特性。方法：用倒置显微镜和MTT法观察人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养液中的生长和增殖变化。结果：人牙周膜成纤维细胞在无血清培养条件下可以生长的增殖，但与含血清培养液相比，其增殖速率变缓，分化明显。结论：无血清培养液可应用于人牙周膜成纤维细胞的体外培养和实验研究中。     

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains inconclusive.We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment.The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis.Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and women.The thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.     

National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for Children 0-17 Years of Age in China

The main purpose of the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC) was to collect basic data on the nutrition, development, and health status for children in different regions across China using evidence-based, reliable, and cost-effective approaches. Children and their parents or guardians from seven regions (south, southwest, north, northwest, eastern, central, and northeast China) in China were recruited. A multi-stage stratified randomized sampling method was used. Two provinces were randomly sampled from each of the seven regions, from which one urban district and one rural country were also randomly sampled, resulting in a total of 28 survey counties/districts. Dietary surveys, health examinations, laboratory testing, and questionnaires were used to collect dietary intake, nutritional status, child development, and health status information. Nutrition, health, and lifestyle assessment of children and their parents was determined using the Knowledge Attitude Practice (KAP) survey. Greater than 100,000 children (38,000 children < 6 years of age and 66,000 children 6-17 years of age) completed the survey. The survey provided comprehensive data on child nutrition and health status for future studies and will serve as the basis for an integrated nutrition and health improvement strategies proposal for children in China.     

成人社区获得性肺炎合并呼吸道病毒感染住院患者病毒谱及临床特征分析

背景　成人社区获得性肺炎（CAP）合并呼吸道病毒感染与单纯CAP在临床治疗上是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究拟从分析CAP合并呼吸道病毒感染病毒谱和临床特征与单纯CAP的差异来探讨此问题。目的　分析成人CAP合并呼吸道病毒感染患者的病毒谱特点及其临床特征。方法　选取2017年6月-2019年5月复旦大学附属上海市第五人民医院住院部收治的CAP患者223例,采集CAP患者的咽拭子,应用多重巢式反转录酶-聚合酶链式反应（nested multiplex RT-PCR）检测8种（10型）常见的呼吸道病毒。将CAP患者分为病毒阳性组和病毒阴性组,分析病毒阳性组CAP患者的临床特征。同时,采集病毒阳性、病毒阴性CAP患者及社区健康对照者的血清各24份,采用ELISA检测血清中白介素（IL）-6、IL-8、IL-10、干扰素（INF）-γ、干扰素诱导蛋白（IP）-10、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的浓度。结果　223例CAP患者中61例（27.35%）患者病毒检测阳性,其中单病毒感染58例（26.01%）,多病毒感染3例。单病毒感染包括22例（9.87%）流感病毒A（Flu A）、14例（6.28%）鼻病毒（RhV）、9例（4.03%）流感病毒B（Flu B）、5例（2.24%）腺病毒（ADV）、2例（0.90%）冠状病毒（CoV）、2例（0.90%）呼吸道合胞病毒A（RSVA）、2例（0.90%）偏肺病毒（MPV）、1例（0.45%）博卡病毒（BoV）、1例（0.45%）呼吸道合胞体病毒B型（RSVB）。根据年龄分为非老年（≤65岁）组和老年（>65岁）组,两组病毒检出率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。CAP患者四季均会有病毒感染,冬季为高发季节,感染病毒主要有Flu A、RhV、Flu B。按照呼吸道病毒检测结果分为病毒阳性组和阴性组,病毒阳性组死亡率高于阴性组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中病毒阳性组死亡患者均为合并流感病毒感染。进一步将呼吸道病毒阳性组分为流感组（包括Flu A和Flu B）和非流感组,发现流感组乳酸脱氢酶水平高于非流感组,流感组死亡率高于病毒阴性组（P<0.05）。影像学特征分析结果显示,病毒阳性组双肺病变、多肺叶病变、斑片状渗出影比例高于病毒阴性组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。血清细胞因子水平分析结果显示,病毒阳性组IL-10水平高于病毒阴性组。结论　上海闵行地区CAP患者合并呼吸道病毒感染较为常见,检出病毒以Flu A、RhV和Flu B为主,其临床特征无明显差异,合并流感病毒感染可能会导致死亡率增加,病毒阳性患者影像学多表现为双肺病变、多肺叶病变、斑片状渗出影,病毒阳性患者IL-10血清浓度明显升高,以上结果对于CAP合并呼吸道病毒感染有一定的参考价值。     

凝血酶调节蛋白、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1与儿童免疫性血小板减少症的相关性

目的探讨凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)与儿童免疫性血小板减少症(IPT)的相关性。方法选取2018年9月~2019年12月期间的70例ITP患儿作为研究对象,设为ITP组。选取同期进行体检的儿童50例作为对照组。比较各组间血清TM、PAI-1水平及PLT。结果ITP组血清TM、PAI-1水平显著高于对照组,PLT显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。ITP组治疗后血清TM、PAI-1水平显著低于治疗前,PLT显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。经过Pearson相关性分析,ITP患者血清TM、PAI-1水平与PLT均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论血清TM、PAI-1水平与儿童IPT密切相关,可以作为临床疾病监测的辅助指标。     

注射用心肌肽对PCI治疗的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

背景 目前,治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment?elevation?myocardial?infarction,STEMI)的首选方法是直接经皮冠状动脉介入(percutaneous?coronary?intervention,PCI)治疗.既往研究发现注射用心肌肽能够改善心肌缺血再灌注损伤,对接受PCI的STEMI患者临床疗效有潜在益处.目的 探讨注射用心肌肽在接受PCI治疗的STEMI患者中的心肌保护作用.方法 连续募集2014年7月-2017年6月在解放军总医院一中心心血管内科接受PCI治疗的STEMI患者310例.将患者随机分为心肌肽组(n=154)和对照组(n=156).入组的患者在PCI期间至术后3?d分别静脉输注3?mg/(kg·d)的注射用心肌肽或安慰剂(0.9％氯化钠注射液)治疗.术后7～30?d使用多普勒超声心动图评估左心室射血分数(left?ventricular?ejection?fraction,LVEF)的变化,术后1个月后行6分钟步行试验量化患者的运动能力,观察PCI前后患者B型脑利钠肽(brain?natriuretic peptide,BNP)的变化.结果 与对照组比较,心肌肽组出院后复查的LVEF显著增加(57.8％ ± 12.8％?vs?51.0％ ± 12.1％,P<0.001),术后BNP水平显著降低[Md(IQR):?848(732,940)?pg/mL?vs?1150(1038,1245)?pg/mL,P<0.001];此外,心梗恢复期心肌肽组6分钟步行试验的距离增加[(773.7?±?166.2)?m?vs(618.2?±?186.3)?m,P<0.001].结论 注射用心肌肽可以改善PCI治疗的STEMI患者的心功能和运动耐量,可辅助STEMI患者的PCI治疗.     

遗传性神经系统离子通道病基因治疗的研究进展

目的遗传性神经系统离子通道病现有的治疗方法往往难以控制病情或者患者耐受度较低,因此探索新的治疗方法势在必行。基因治疗在多项研究中显示可能应用于神经系统疾病,并可能成为未来遗传性神经系统离子通道病的有效治疗手段。同时,光遗传学、化学遗传学方法、基因编辑技术的不断进步也为遗传性神经系统离子通道病的基因治疗提供了良好的发展基础。我们将就遗传性神经系统离子通道病基因治疗的方法机制、转导载体、启动子及给药途径作一综述。     

Novel mGluR5 Positive Allosteric Modulator Improves Functional Recovery,Attenuates Neurodegeneration,and Alters Microglial Polarization after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes microglial activation and related neurotoxicity that contributes to chronic neurodegeneration and loss of neurological function. Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) by the orthosteric agonist (RS)-2-chloro-5-hydroxyphenylglycine (CHPG), is neuroprotective in experimental models of TBI, and has potent anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. However, the therapeutic potential of CHPG is limited due to its relatively weak potency and brain permeability. Highly potent, selective and brain penetrant mGluR5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been developed and show promise as therapeutic agents. We evaluated the therapeutic potential of a novel mGluR5 PAM, VU0360172, after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in mice. Vehicle, VU0360172, or VU0360172 plus mGluR5 antagonist (MTEP), were administered systemically to CCI mice at 3 h post-injury; lesion volume, hippocampal neurodegeneration, microglial activation, and functional recovery were assessed through 28 days post-injury. Anti-inflammatory effects of VU0360172 were also examined in vitro using BV2 and primary microglia. VU0360172 treatment significantly reduced the lesion, attenuated hippocampal neurodegeneration, and improved motor function recovery after CCI. Effects were mediated by mGluR5 as co-administration of MTEP blocked the protective effects of VU0360172. VU0360172 significantly reduced CD68 and NOX2 expression in activated microglia in the cortex at 28 days post-injury, and also suppressed pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in BV2 and primary microglia. In addition, VU0360172 treatment shifted the balance between M1/M2 microglial activation states towards an M2 pro-repair phenotype. This study demonstrates that VU0360172 confers neuroprotection after experimental TBI, and suggests that mGluR5 PAMs may be promising therapeutic agents for head injury.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13311-014-0298-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Acrylamide exposure impairs blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier function

Previous studies show that chronic acrylamide exposure leads to central and peripheral neu- ropathy. However, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. In this study, we examined the permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, and its ability to secrete transthyretin and transport leptin of rats exposed to acrylamide for 7, 14, 21 or 28 days. Transthyretin levels in cerebrospinal fluid began to decline on day 7 after acrylamide exposure. The sodium fluorescein level in cerebrospinal fluid was increased on day 14 after exposure. Evans blue concentration in cerebrospinal fluid was increased and the cerebrospinal fluid/serum leptin ratio was decreased on days 21 and 28 after exposure. In comparison, the cerebrospinal fluid/serum albumin ratio was increased on day 28 after exposure. Our findings show that acrylamide exposure damages the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier and impairs secretory and transport functions. These changes may underlie acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity.