面对《医疗事故处理条例》的实施医院应采取的对策

为实施《医疗事故处理条例》,必须加强医院自身建设,规范管理。并从强化教育、严格准入制度、健全规章制度,规范病案与物证管理,尊重患者知情同意权,及时化解纠纷,分摊风险责任,维护合法权益等八个方面进行研讨提出对策。     

斑点膜型HBsAg和HIV抗体联合检测试剂盒的研制及评估

为了方便入出境人员，及时有效地防止传染病的传入和传出。我们研制了斑点膜型乙肝、艾滋病联合酶联免疫快速检测试剂盒(DsELISA)．该试剂盒用硝酸纤维素膜作固相载体，将抗-HBs单克隆抗体，艾滋病I型抗原和抗-鼠IgG多克隆抗体分别包被于其上，再用辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗-HBs单克隆抗体和抗人IgG单克隆抗体检测样本中的乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)和艾滋病病毒抗体(抗-HIV)．在检测中，HBsAg的最低可检出浓度要少于2ng／ml，而且全部检测过程在8分钟内即可完成，对于280份已确诊的血清样本的检测结果表明，HBsAg和抗-HIV的总符合率分别为99．7%和100%，我们认为，我们研制的DsELISA具有高度的精确性．敏感性，稳定性和特异性，方便了入出境人员，适合于口岸现场入出境的查验和传染病监测体检的要求.     

Risk of lung cancer among patients with head and neck cancer

A cohort of 5180 patients with head and neck cancer, who were part of the tumor registry of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results area of western Washington State, was followed up for as many as 15 years to determine the risk of lung cancer. A sample of 522 patients from this cohort was interviewed to determine smoking history. Lung cancer developed in 356 (6.9%) of the 5180 patients. The overall annual incidence of lung cancer remained relatively constant between approximately 1.0% and 2.0% during the 15 years of follow-up. Men had an increased risk of lung cancer compared with women (relative risk [RR] = 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.18 to 2.03). Compared with patients with oral cavity cancer (RR = 1.00), the relative risk of lung cancer developing by the site of the index tumor was 0.63 (95% CI = 0.40 to 0.98) for lip, 1.12 (95% CI = 0.81 to 1.56) for intrinsic larynx, 1.73 (95% CI = 1.21 to 2.47) for oropharynx, 1.84 (95% CI = 1.16 to 2.92) for hypopharynx, and 2.28 (95% CI = 1.60 to 3.24) for extrinsic larynx. Among the 522 patients who were interviewed, men smoked more than women ( p < 0.0001), and patients with laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer smoked more than patients with cancer of the lip or the oral cavity ( p < 0.05). Among patients with head and neck cancer, the risk of lung cancer is highest for men and for patients with cancer of the pharynx or extrinsic larynx. These findings may be explained by differences in smoking consumption. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;116:630-6.)     

干细胞概念教学

目的:学术交流,总结教学经验,提高学识和教学水平。方法:查阅文献,讲解要点,交流体会。结果:培养关注干细胞研究的兴趣,提高认识水平。结论:干细胞概念尚在发展,关注其研究进展,及时交流具有重要意义。     

铁道车祸危险因素与行车安全经济效益的探讨

作者以1380名机车乘务员为研究对象,测查其生理心理指标,探讨发生车祸的危险因素,分析34年车祸流行的规律,并对行车安全的社会经济效盖进行了估算。研究结果显示,社会安定是减少车祸、保证行车安全的重要因素。通过多因素分析,揭示车祸的危险因素是低文化程度、过度疲劳、睡眠不足、视运动反应迟钝和弱神经类型,其间存在交互作用。实践表明,推行安全行车千日活动,可获巨大社会经济效益(1∶7)。     

岳西实施新农合"三定"筹资的做法与效果

2003年，岳西县被列为安徽省首批新型农村合作医疗试点县，也是全省首批试点县中唯一的一个国家扶贫开发工作重点县。3年多来，我们坚持为民便民利民的原则，精心组织实施，全县农民参合率逐年攀升，分别为80．59％、91％、93．9％、97．47％，表明新农合制度得到了广大农民群众的拥护和欢迎。从总人口受益情况看，自2003年11月正式启动实施至今，     

Kringle 5的真核植物细胞穿梭表达载体的构建

目的：构建含有目的基因kring5的真核植物细胞穿酸表达载体。方法：应用RT－PCR方法，从正常人肝脏组织中获得kringle5基因，测序后，再通过DNA重组技术，将kringle5基因片段克隆到真核植物细胞表达载体pBI121和pCAMBIA3301上。结果：得到的kringle5基因序列测定结果与文献相符，重组载体pB1k5和pC33k5经酶切鉴定正确，含有植物高效表达CaMV35S启动子。结论：重组载体pB1k5和pC33k5不仅可以在大肠杆菌中稳定复制，而且可以在植物细胞中表达。     

丁胱亚磺酰亚胺排空组织谷胱甘肽对大鼠心肌谷胱甘肽系统的影响

目的:观察采用谷氨酰半胱氨酸合成酶抑制剂--丁胱亚磺酰亚胺(BSO)排空大鼠心肌谷胱甘肽(GSH)是否影响大鼠心肌组织GSH的稳态,以及是否对GSH代谢相关酶活性及mRNA表达产生影响.方法:采用长时间力竭运动、注射BSO排空GSH两种实验模型,比较对照组与注射BSO组SD大鼠心肌在静息状态和长时间力竭运动后GSH状态及其代谢变化.结果:注射BSO 8天后,大鼠心脏GSH含量分别为对照组?%,且GSH的下降伴随着氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)的下降,GSH/GSSG的比值无显著变化.GSH排空导致GSH代谢酶活性发生适应性变化,注射BSO后心肌中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)活性与对照组相比显著下降(P < 0.001).注射BSO组与对照组相比,心肌谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性显著增加(P < 0.05).注射BSO力竭组与注射BSO组相比,心肌GGT活性显著增加(P < 0.001),心肌注射BSO抑制γ-谷氨酰半胱酸合成酶(GCS)活性,注射BSO力竭组大鼠心肌GCS mRNA表达量高于注射BSO组,表明极度排空谷胱甘肽后,GCS mRNA表达量的增加可能是机体产生的应激反应.     

Epidemiological and pathogenic study on the outbreak of toxic shock syndrome and meningocephalitis caused by swine streptococcus

Objective: To reveal the relationship between the biological characteristics of pathogen and the pig-to-human spread of the epidemic and infectious disease in 1998 in East China. Methods: Epidemiological survey, pathological examination of pigs and patients, and pathogen isolation were performed. Results: The disease had a character of quick onset, serious symptoms, short course and high mortality. The clinical manifestations and pathological changes of the disease were high fever, sometimes with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, then might develop to myositis, fascitis, DIC, multiple organ failure, shock and usually died in 2-3 d. Among 25 patients, 16 manifested clinically as streptococcal toxic shock syndromes and 9 streptococcal meningiocephalitis syndrome. The mortality was 81.25% and 11.11% respectively. Pathogenic bacteria isolated from diseased pigs and patients were found to have some common characteristics in morphology, staining and biological characters. Conclusion: The pathogen isolated from the blood of patients and pigs were identified as streptococci.     

聚氨酯避孕套临床前使用可行性和可接受性分析

目的 对使用新型聚氨酯(Pu)男用避孕套的可行性和可接受性进行初步观察。方法 对30对健康已婚夫妇为期6周360次使用国产PU避孕套的效果进行问卷调查。结果 避孕套总破裂率(临床破裂 非临床破裂)为2．22％，临床滑脱率为16．5％，使用观察期间无意外妊娠发生。结论 新型PU避孕套的破裂率和滑脱率分别相近于和高于报道的乳胶避孕套使用情况，感官指标反映PU避孕套具有良好的可接受性。