慢性荨麻疹患者细胞免疫功能检测及其临床意义(附68例报告)

目的：探讨细胞免疫在慢性荨麻疹发病中的作用,阐明慢性荨麻疹发生的免疫学机制。方法：选取慢性荨麻疹患者68例和健康对照者70名作为研究对象,根据不同并发症将慢性荨麻疹患者分为4个不同亚组,分别为自身免疫性疾病组11例（类风湿3例、红斑狼疮2例、甲状腺疾病4例、白癜风2例）、幽门螺旋杆菌感染组13例、乙肝和丙肝感染组10例、肿瘤组6例和无并发症组28例。采用流式细胞术检测各组研究对象外周血T细胞亚群表面标志CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD8⁺的表达情况,检测不同并发症慢性荨麻疹患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果：与对照组比较,慢性荨麻疹组患者外周血中CD4⁺T淋巴细胞比例明显降低（P<0.05）,CD8⁺比例升高（P<0.05）,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值下降（P<0.05）,CD3⁺比例无明显变化（P>0.05）;与病程≤ 12个月慢性荨麻疹患者比较,病程>12个月慢性荨麻疹患者外周血中CD4⁺淋巴细胞比例明显降低（P<0.05）,CD8⁺比例升高（P<0.05）,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值下降（P<0.05）,CD3⁺比例无明显变化（P>0.05）;与无并发症组患者比较,有并发症慢性荨麻疹组患者外周血中CD4⁺和CD3⁺比例亦降低（P<0.05）,CD8⁺比例升高（P<0.05）,CD4⁺/CD8⁺比值下降（P<0.05）。结论：慢性荨麻疹患者体内存在细胞免疫功能异常,尤其CD4⁺细胞的比例降低可能是疾病发生发展的机制之一。     

间断高浓度葡萄糖对胰岛β细胞的损伤机制研究

目的探讨间断高浓度葡萄糖对培养的胰岛β细胞(HIT-T15细胞)的损伤机制。方法实验分为对照组(葡萄糖5.5mmol/L)、持续高浓度葡萄糖组(葡萄糖16.7mmol/L)、间断高浓度葡萄糖组(葡萄糖16.7mmol/L培养2h后更换为5.5mmol/L的葡萄糖3h,每天重复共3次,夜间9h维持在5.5mmol/L的培养基中)、抗氧化剂(NAC1.0mmol/L) 持续高糖组和NAC 间断高糖组。放免法测定胰岛素分泌水平;罗丹明123染色线粒体,激光共聚焦显微镜测量线粒体膜电位(MMP);荧光素酶方法检测细胞内ATP含量;硫代巴比妥酸法测量脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)水平;流式细胞仪测定活性氧簇(ROS)的水平。结果高糖刺激后胰岛素分泌量在间断高糖组〔(3.13±1.11)μIU/mL〕和持续高糖组〔(5.18±0.95)μIU/mL〕分别较对照组〔(9.33±0.62)μIU/mL〕均明显减少(P<0.05);MDA水平、ROS水平明显升高(P均<0.05),并且间断高糖组较持续高糖组产生更多的ROS(P<0.05);间断高糖组和持续高糖组细胞内ATP含量、MMP水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论间断高浓度葡萄糖与持续高糖均使培养的β细胞线粒体氧化应激水平增高,且间断高糖组较持续高糖组产生更严重的氧化应激,从而使β细胞分泌胰岛素功能受损,其机制可能是由于氧化应激使线粒体的膜电位下降,细胞ATP含量减少所致。     

Establishment of a sandwich ELISA method for detection of vascular endothelial growth factor in serum samples of hepatocellular carcinoma patients

Objective To establish a sandwich ELISA method for detecting vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in sera of population and the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods Full length and two truncated human VEGF cDNA sequences were amplified from a commercial plasmid pBLAST49-hVEGF by PCR and inserted into the prokaryotic-expression plasmid pET-32a or pGEX-2T. Various VEGF proteins were expressed and purified from E. coli in His-Trx or GST fusion forms. The specific VEGF antibodies were elicited in experimental rabbits and mice by immunization of the full length VEGF fusion protein His-Trx-VEGF1-165. After purification of antibodies with chromatograph of Protein G, a sandwich ELISA technique was established. Serum VEGF levels were evaluated in 229 adults and 291 HCC patients. Results SDS-PAGE displayed that the molecular weights of the expressed full length （His-Trx-VEGF1-165）, N-terminal （His-Trx-VEGF1-100） and C-terminal （GST-VEGF100-165） human VEGF fusion proteins were about 38KD, 31KD, and 33KD, respectively. Western blots confirmed that the prepared antisera were able to recognize both prokaryoticly and eukaryoticly expressed recombinant VEGF proteins. Assays of serially diluted His-Trx-VEGF1-100 by the established sandwich ELISA method showed that the linear range of the standard curve was 0.625-320 ng/mL, with the squared correlation coefficient R^2=0.991. Screening of a serum panel containing 291 serum samples of HCC patients and 229 health adults revealed that the average VEGF level in HCC patients was higher than that in healthy controls, with a statically significant difference. Conclusion The established sandwich ELISA reflects the level of serum VEGF and provide scientific basis for screening metastasis and recurrence of HCC using serum VEGF as an index.     

The protective effects of in vitro cultivated calculus bovis on the cerebral and myocardial cells in hypoxic mice

Summary The protective effects of in vitro cultivated calculus bovis (ICCB) on the cerebral and myocardial cells in hypoxic mice and the mechanism were examined. In one group, mice were intragastrically (i.g.) given ICCB for 15 days and then they were subjected to acute cerebral ischemia by decapitation, and then the panting time was recorded. In the other group, 12 min after exposure to hypoxia, mice was administered the ICCB i.g. for 5 days, and then the blood serum and tissues of brain, heart, liver were harvested and examined for SOD, GSH-px and T-AOC activity and content of MDA. The tissues of brain and heart were observed electron-microscopically for ultrastructural changes. The corpus striatum and hippocampus of brain were collected and examined for content of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). The ultrastrural examination showed that the pathological change in brain and heart in the ICCB group was very slight, while abnormal changes in the control group were obviously more serious. ICCB significantly prolonged the panting time of the hypoxic mice (P<0.001), increased the activity of SOD, GSH-px, T-AOC in serum and tissues of brain, liver, heart and elevated the content of DA and NE. ICCB also pronouncedly reduced content of MDA in serum and tissues of brain, heart and liver. Significant differences in these parameters were noted between ICCB group and controls. It is concluded that ICCB can exert protective effect on the cells of brain and myocardium by enhancing the tolerance of the tissues to hypoxia and the body’s ability to remove free radicals and regulating the neurotransmitters.     

新城疫病毒诱导人巨噬细胞杀伤喉癌细胞株Hep-2的体外研究

目的 探讨新城疫病毒(NDV)和紫外线灭活的新城疫病毒(NDV-UV)在体外诱导人巨噬细胞(Mφ)对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用.方法 用淋巴细胞分离液从外周血中分离单个核细胞,经贴壁黏附法得到Mφ细胞,用NDV和NDV-UV分别诱导Mφ细胞16h作为效应细胞,Hep-2细胞作为靶细胞,然后用MTT法测定Mφ细胞杀瘤活性,并进一步比较NDV和NDV-UV对Mφ细胞杀瘤活性的影响.结果 NDV和NDV-UV诱导的Mφ细胞对Hep-2细胞的杀伤率分别为(28.46±1.70)%、(22.65±2.76)%,均高于未诱导组的(6.31±0.96)5(P<0.01),而NDV诱导组的杀瘤率高于NDV-UV诱导组(P<0.01).结论 NDV和NDV-UV能在体外诱导人外周血Mφ细胞,使之杀瘤活性增强,NDV的诱导作用较NDV-UV强.     

HIV多抗原位点同源序列合成基因的表达及活性鉴定

目的：在原核表达载体系统中对HIV-1gp41/gp120和HIV-2gp125/gp36外膜蛋白多个抗原位点同源序列合成基因进行表达、纯化并鉴定其活性。方法：人工合成含HIV-1gp41的3个抗原位点、HIV-1gp120的2个抗原位点、HIV-2gp125的3个抗原位点和HIV-2gp36的1个抗原位点的串联基因，克隆到原核表达载体pRSETB中，构建重组表达质粒pRSETB-env，用异丙-β-Ｄ-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导目的基因在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)中高效表达，采用金属离子亲和层析技术纯化表达蛋白，逐渐降低尿素浓度使目的蛋白复性，免疫印迹和ELISA法分别对表达产物进行鉴定。结果：目的基因在BL21中有较高表达率，纯化后表达蛋白经十二烷基硫酸钠－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)可见相对分子质量约44 000的蛋白带，与设计相对分子质量相符。免疫印迹、ELISA试验显示pRSETB-env质粒的HIV-1/2表达蛋白与HIV-1及HIV-2患者血清都能较好地结合，与其他患者血清无交叉反应。结论：成功构建了由HIV-1/2外膜蛋白多个抗原位点串联基因片段的表达载体pRSETB-env，并在原核细胞中高效表达，表达蛋白经纯化后纯度较高,并具有良好特异性和活性。     

c-ski 对大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞生物学行为的影响

目的研究原癌基因c-ski对大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞活力、肌成纤维细胞分化、型胶原分泌等生物学行为的影响。方法免疫组化检测皮肤成纤维细胞内c-Ski蛋白的表达,并在转染c-ski基因后,利用MTT法检测皮肤成纤维细胞增殖活力、免疫组化和RT-PCR检测型胶原分泌、α-SMA细胞免疫组化检测肌成纤维细胞分化的改变。结果大鼠皮肤成纤维细胞内有c-Ski蛋白的表达,且主要表达在细胞核内,c-ski可以以剂量依赖的方式增加皮肤成纤维细胞的增殖活力,并可降低型胶原蛋白和mRNA的水平,但不改变皮肤成纤维细胞向肌成纤维细胞的分化过程。结论c-ski促进细胞增殖但降低胶原分泌的作用可能对促进创伤愈合、降低瘢痕形成有着重要的意义。     

SOCS1 受抑的新型肝癌树突状细胞疫苗制备及功效的初步研究

目的探讨抑制SOCS1表达对LIGHT激活的肝癌树突状细胞疫苗效应的作用。方法用重组小鼠粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rmGM-CSF)、重组小鼠白细胞介素4(rmIL-4)体外诱导培养小鼠骨髓单核细胞产生骨髓来源树突状细胞(BMDC),体外负载肝癌细胞HepA可溶性抗原,并用LIGHT和SOCS1反义寡核苷酸(AS1)处理DC,制备负载肝癌抗原DC疫苗;流式细胞仪检测疫苗细胞CD40及CD86表达和ELISA测定其IL-12、IL-1分泌水平以确定DC疫苗细胞的成熟度;通过体外细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)活性、淋巴细胞增殖反应和IL-6、TNF-β分泌水平测定分析疫苗细胞的抗肿瘤免疫应答。结果负载肝癌抗原DC疫苗在LIGHT和AS1的双重作用下,疫苗细胞的成熟标志CD40、CD86、IL-1和IL-12增高(P<0.01),能增强诱导CTL活性、刺激淋巴细胞增殖和分泌IL-6、TNF-β能力(P<0.01)。结论抑制SOCS1能提高肝癌DC疫苗的成熟度,并增强疫苗细胞诱导抗肿瘤免疫应答。     

宫颈癌根治术的危险因素分析

目的:调查与宫颈癌根治术有关的危险因素.方法:收集2000年1月～2006年5月入院的416例行宫颈癌根治术的病人临床资料,统计分析可能导致手术并发症的因素.结果:年龄＞55岁、ρ(白蛋白)≤35 g·L-1、ρ(血红蛋白)≤8 g·L-1、术前放化疗和腹主动脉淋巴结清扫等5个因素是宫颈癌根治术的危险因素.结论:在准备行宫颈癌根治术时,对以上危险因素应仔细考虑,有目的地控制相关因素可以降低宫颈癌根治术有关的并发症发生.