Return to dialysis after renal transplantation. Which would be the best way?

The exact moment to return to dialysis when a graft fails has not clearly been established. Furthermore, there is no agreement with respect to whether the guidelines accepted for patients entering dialysis for the first time are adequate for this subgroup of patients with advanced renal failure, due to the special characteristics of these patients, derived from the immunosuppressive medications they are taking among other accompanying factors. We reviewed a group of renal transplant patients who returned to dialysis and compared them with a group of patients entering dialysis for the first time. Patients with chronic renal failure due to graft failure had a poorer renal function at the time entering dialysis and a more profound anemia. Additionally, complications considered such as the number of hospital admissions during the first year after initiation of dialysis were considerably higher in the group of transplanted patients. We advocate for an earlier referral to the dialysis unit, a more aggressive erythropoietin therapy in the phase of advanced renal failure due to chronic allograft nephropathy, and in selected cases retransplantation before definitive graft loss.     

补肾法对类风湿性关节炎患者血液流变学的影响

目的：探讨补肾中药对类风湿性关节炎患者血液流变学的影响。方法：采用补肾中药青娥丸加味片对46例类风湿性关节炎患者进行为期1个月的治疗，检测患者治疗前后血液流变学指标，并观察其变化。结果：患者治疗后症状及体征有明显改善，与治疗前比较有显著差异。全血粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞压积、红细胞电泳时间、血沉等较治疗前也明显降低。结论：补肾中药通过改善类风湿性关节炎患者的微循环而达到在一定程度治疗该病的目的。     

经尿道钬激光同期治疗前列腺增生并发膀胱结石的疗效

目的:探讨钬激光同期治疗前列腺增生并发膀胱结石的临床疗效。方法:分析钬激光同期治疗前列腺增生并发膀胱结石患者47例的临床资料。结果:全部患者手术均获得成功,其中结石平均直径24.6mm(12～40mm),前列腺体积53.9cm3(41～92cm3);钬激光碎石时间10～50min,平均24.5min,手术总体时间103.7(40～160)min;术后平均住院日4.5(3～9)天。术后膀胱结石均完全清除,手术发生膀胱损伤3例,尿外渗3例。无输血和感染病例发生。术后3个月随访,IPSS、QOL评分、最大尿流率和剩余尿量较术前有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:采用钬激光同期治疗前列腺增生伴膀胱结石是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

肾上腺素脑室冲洗对自发性脑室出血的治疗效果

目的运用。肾上腺素进行脑室冲洗,探讨其对自发性脑室出血的治疗效果。方法测定74例脑室出血患者运用保守、侧脑室引流、肾上腺素脑室冲洗方法后的引流脑脊液量和颅内压。结果肾上腺素脑室冲洗后出现脑脊液引流量下降,颅内压无明显变化。结论肾上腺盐水脑室冲洗不影响颅内压,并通过减少再出血和脑脊液的分泌达到治疗效果。     

Evolution of the need for operation for peptic pyloric stenosis over a period of 24 years (1976-1999).

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the need for operation for pyloric stenosis caused by duodenal ulcer over a period of 24 years (1976-1999). DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Spain. SUBJECTS: 156 patients operated on for peptic pyloric stenosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The number of patients operated on yearly were grouped into 4-year periods for statistical comparison. RESULTS: The number of cases operated on each year steadily decreased between 1976 and 1999. In the 1988-1991 period there was a significant reduction (p <0.05), which continued over the next two 4-year periods, particularly the last (p <0.01). CONCLUSION: Although we cannot use this study to establish a direct relation between the decrease in the indication for operations for peptic pyloric stenosis and the use of H2 antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, or treatment to eradicate Helicobacter pylori, we did find a significance difference between the years before and after the introduction of these drugs.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒e系统状态与肝纤维化关系的研究

目的:观察慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒e系统状态和复制指标在肝纤维化发生过程中的变化及其与血清纤维化标志的关系,探讨它们在肝纤维化发生过程中的作用及其可能的临床意义.方法:188例慢性乙型肝炎患者根据肝纤维化程度分为S0～S4期等5组,分别用定量PCR及放免法检测患者血清中HBV-DNA及肝纤维化标志透明质酸、Ⅳ型胶原、Ⅲ型前胶原和层粘连蛋白的含量;HBeAg和抗-HBe采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测,并观察其在不同肝病理纤维化分期时的变化.结果:随着肝纤维化程度加重,血清HBV-DNA含量逐渐升高,从S1期开始显著增加(P＜0.01);而HBeAg阳性率逐渐降低,S3、S4期较S0显著减少(P＜0.05和P＜0.01);抗-HBe阳性率呈相反的变化趋势,在S3和S4期的阳性率明显高于S0期(P＜0.05和P＜0.01).血清HBV-DNA( )HBeAg( )组血清纤维化标志最低,HBV-DNA(-)抗-HBe( )组最高,两者差异有显著性(P＜0.01).结论:HBV复制和e系统状态的改变与肝纤维化程度密切相关,肝内病毒复制标志与血清纤维化标志联合检测,对于判断肝纤维化程度和指导抗病毒治疗有重要的价值.     

Preoperative Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Hepatitis B-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Hepatic Resection

Background

There is conflicting evidence concerning platelet status and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis. We evaluated the prognostic value of platelet-based indices, including platelet count, platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) in HCC after hepatic resection.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 332 patients with HCC treated with hepatectomy between 2006 and 2009. Preoperative platelet count, as well as demographic, clinical, and pathologic data, were analyzed.

Results

Both disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly improved for patients with low platelet count, PLR, and APRI compared to patients with elevated values. On multivariate analysis, APRI, tumor size ≥5 cm, noncapsulation, and multiple tumors were all associated with both poor DFS and OS. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year DFS rates were 52, 36, and 32 % for patients with APRI <0.62 and were 35, 22, and 19 % for patients with APRI ≥0.62. Correspondingly, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 77, 51, and 42, and 63, 35, and 29 % for both groups. Both DFS and OS of patients with APRI <0.62 were significantly better compared to patients with an elevated APRI (P = 0.009 and 0.002, respectively). Patients with elevated APRI tended to have cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, surgical margin <1 cm, and noncapsulated tumors.

Conclusions

Elevated platelets based inflammatory indices, especially APRI, was associated with adverse characteristic features and poor prognosis in HCC, especially for patients with HBV infection or cirrhosis. Antiplatelet treatment may represent a potential therapy for HBV-induced HCC recurrence.     

多层螺旋CT血管探针成像在孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层的应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT血管探针成像在孤立性肠系膜上动脉夹层（ISMAD）诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2008年6月至2013年5月间中山大学附属第一医院收治的15例ISMAD患者的临床和影像学资料。通过64层螺旋CT血管探针成像分析ISMAD的影像特征与临床症状和治疗选择的关系。结果15例夹层破口均位于动脉前壁,距离根部（24．3±9．7） mm;73．3％（11/15）的破口位于肠系膜上动脉近段弯曲近远端各1 cm区域内。无腹痛（8例）与腹痛（7例）患者夹层长度、真/假腔短径比及真/假腔长径比的差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0．01）。 Yun分型Ⅰ型5例,Ⅱa型3例,保守治疗均有效;Ⅱb型7例,其中3例保守治疗有效,4例行腔内介入治疗或手术治疗,症状均缓解。结论多层螺旋CT血管探针成像可清晰显示ISMAD的影像特征,可为ISMAD的诊断和治疗选择提供依据。