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41.
A. Desclaux S. Boye K. Sow T. Ndoye 《Bulletin de la Societe de pathologie exotique (1990)》2014,107(4):244-245
While discourses focus on the “normalization” of the situation of people with long term antiretroviral treatment, this qualitative analysis aimed at considering more accurately the diversity of their experiences. Five profiles were identified: patients who became experts, patients in medical difficulty, patients dominated by financial insecurity, people who live an almost normal life and people suffering from social disqualification. 相似文献
42.
A Martin R Papa NJ Nadeau RI Hill BA Counterman G Halder CD Jiggins MR Kronforst AD Long WO McMillan RD Reed 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(31):12632-12637
Although animals display a rich variety of shapes and patterns, the genetic changes that explain how complex forms arise are still unclear. Here we take advantage of the extensive diversity of Heliconius butterflies to identify a gene that causes adaptive variation of black wing patterns within and between species. Linkage mapping in two species groups, gene-expression analysis in seven species, and pharmacological treatments all indicate that cis-regulatory evolution of the WntA ligand underpins discrete changes in color pattern features across the Heliconius genus. These results illustrate how the direct modulation of morphogen sources can generate a wide array of unique morphologies, thus providing a link between natural genetic variation, pattern formation, and adaptation. 相似文献
43.
Papa G Baratta R Calì V Degano C Iurato MP Licciardello C Maiorana R Finocchiaro C 《Acta diabetologica》2012,49(5):387-393
In clinical practice, basal insulin dosage (BID) for the treatment for type 2 diabetes given as slow-acting analogues or NPH insulin varies widely when adjusted for body weight (UI/kg). In this study, we investigated the interrelationship between BID and anthropometric, laboratory and clinical parameters. A total of 681 type 2 diabetic patients, treated with bedtime insulin in association with other antidiabetic drugs (preprandial insulin and/or oral agents), were studied. Anthropometric, clinical and biochemical parameters, as well as micro- and macrovascular complications, were evaluated. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was assessed by liver ultrasound. BID was titrated to achieve a fasting blood glucose target of ≤6.7?mmol/L (120?mg/dL). In the multivariate analysis, BID was significantly associated with waist circumference (p?=?0.04) and the insulin treatment duration (p?=?0.004) as the type of insulin treatment ("basal-bolus" regimen vs. basal insulin only, p?0.0001), the use of lipid-lowering drugs (p?=?0.0003) and insulin sensitizers (p?=?0.005). Several glycometabolic parameters were strongly associated with BID (HbA1c p?=?0.01, FPG p?0.0001, HDL p?=?0.02, triglycerides p?=?0.03). Moreover, the presence of severe NAFLD resulted in a higher BID (p?=?0.03). We concluded that when starting and titrating the basal insulin in type 2 diabetes, certain anthropometric, laboratory and clinical factors can be useful to find optimal BID more quickly and appropriately. 相似文献
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Objectives
Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV infection is an important tool for prevention of HIV infection and AIDS in high‐risk groups. Our goal was to describe the acceptability and consequences of VCT among a stigmatized and vulnerable group, female sex workers (FSWs), in Conakry, Guinea.Methods
Acceptance of the test and return for test results at baseline and consequences of testing 1 year later were described. The perceived risk of HIV infection and perceived benefits and barriers to testing were examined using quantitative and qualitative methods.Results
All 421 FSW participants agreed to undergo VCT and most participants (92%) returned for their results. The main reason cited for VCT acceptance was the wish to know their HIV status. However, some managers of FSW worksites urged FSWs to be tested, curtailing FSWs' free decision‐making. One year later, status disclosure was common (90% of the 198 individuals who knew their results among those who participated in the follow‐up part of the study). Positive consequences of testing were far more frequently reported than negative consequences (98% vs. 2%, respectively). Negative life events included banishment from the worksite (one case) and verbal abuse (two cases).Conclusion
Acceptability of VCT appears high in the FSW population in Conakry as a consequence of both perceptions of high individual risk and social pressures. 相似文献47.
Levine OS O'Brien KL Deloria-Knoll M Murdoch DR Feikin DR DeLuca AN Driscoll AJ Baggett HC Brooks WA Howie SR Kotloff KL Madhi SA Maloney SA Sow S Thea DM Scott JA 《Clinical infectious diseases》2012,54(Z2):S93-101
The Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) project is a 7-country, standardized, comprehensive evaluation of the etiologic agents causing severe pneumonia in children from developing countries. During previous etiology studies, between one-quarter and one-third of patients failed to yield an obvious etiology; PERCH will employ and evaluate previously unavailable innovative, more sensitive diagnostic techniques. Innovative and rigorous epidemiologic and analytic methods will be used to establish the causal association between presence of potential pathogens and pneumonia. By strategic selection of study sites that are broadly representative of regions with the greatest burden of childhood pneumonia, PERCH aims to provide data that reflect the epidemiologic situation in developing countries in 2015, using pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines. PERCH will also address differences in host, environmental, and/or geographic factors that might determine pneumonia etiology and, by preserving specimens, will generate a resource for future research and pathogen discovery. 相似文献
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Carlos Eduardo Bezerra Moura Naisandra Bezerra Silva Juliana Carvalho Sa Geraldo Barroso Cavalcanti Junior Silvia Regina Batistuzzo de Medeiros Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha Paula Carvalho Papa Clodomiro Alves Jr 《Artificial organs》2016,40(5):497-504
To evaluate the effect of topography in nanoscale, titanium surfaces were bombarded by argon ions (a chemically inert gas), in an atmosphere of plasma. The effects of surface parameters on morphology, adhesion, proliferation, and MC3T3‐E1 preosteoblasts differentiation were analyzed. Nontreated (smooth) surfaces were used as a control. The levels of average roughness (Ra) observed in bombarded and smooth titanium surfaces were of 95 and 14 nm, respectively. The wettability increased on treated surfaces. The number of attached cells (30 and 60 min) was significantly higher on the bombarded surface. The cell proliferation after 3 and 7 days was also significantly higher on the ion‐bombarded surface. In addition, the ALP activity and expression of osteocalcin were higher in cells grown on the treated surface. The results showed that bombardment with argon ions increased the roughness and the wettability of the Ti surface, promoting a significant increase in the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of preosteoblasts. 相似文献
50.
V. Papa B. Romanin R. Bergamaschi D. M. Cordelli R. Costa L. Badiali De Giorgi 《Ultrastructural pathology》2016,40(2):83-85
Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), an autoimmune idiopathic myositis, is characterized by rash and proximal muscle weakness. Immunohistopathology typically shows perivascular inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of CD4+ T lymphocytes, perifascicular atrophy, and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I. JDM has been attributed to a humoral-driven muscle microangiopathy probably implicating the type I interferon pathway. Tubulo-reticular inclusions present in endothelial cell of muscle are biomarkers of interferon exposure, and so may be an indirect data of this myopathy especially in the absence of rash and inflammatory infiltrate. We report on three patients in which electron microscopy solves the differential diagnosis among infantile myositis showing peculiar inclusions. 相似文献