Reduced hip bone mineral density is related to physical fitness and leg lean mass in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke

Following a stroke, the reduced level of physical activity and functional use of the paretic leg may lead to bone loss and muscle atrophy. These factors and the high incidence of falls may contribute to hip fractures in the stroke population. This study was the first to examine total proximal femur bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) and their relationship to stroke-specific impairments in ambulatory individuals with chronic stroke (onset >1 year). We utilized dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to acquire proximal femur and total body scans on 58 (23 women) community-dwelling individuals with chronic stroke. We reported total proximal femur BMC (g) and BMD (g/cm²) derived from the proximal femur scans, and lean mass (g) and fat mass (g) for each leg derived from the total body scans. Each subject was evaluated for ambulatory capacity (Six-Minute Walk Test), knee extension strength (hand-held dynamometry), physical fitness [maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max)] and spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale). Results showed that the paretic leg had significantly lower proximal femur BMD, lean mass and percent lean mass, but higher fat mass than the non-paretic leg for both men and women. Proximal femur BMD of the paretic leg was significantly related to ambulatory capacity ( r =0.33, P =0.011), muscle strength ( r =0.39, P =0.002), physical fitness ( r =0.57, P <0.001), but not related to spasticity ( r =–0.23, P =0.080). Multiple regression analysis showed that lean mass in the paretic leg was a major predictor ( r ²=0.371, P <0.001) of the paretic proximal femur BMD. VO₂max was a significant predictor of both paretic proximal femur BMD ( r ²=0.325, P <0.001) and lean mass in the paretic leg ( r ²=0.700, P <0.001). Further study is required to determine whether increasing physical fitness and lean mass are important to improve hip bone health in chronic stroke.     

Is Patient-Specific Instrumentation Accurate and Necessary for Open-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy? A Meta-Analysis

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify if patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) could increase the accuracy of the correction in high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and to explore the assessment indices and the necessity of using a PSI in HTO. A systematic search was carried out using online databases. A total of 466 patients were included in 11 papers that matched the inclusion criteria. To evaluate the accuracy of PSI-assisted HTO, the weight bearing line ratio (WBL%), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), and posterior tibial slope angle (PTSA) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively and compared to the designed target values. Statistical analysis was performed after strict data extraction with Review Manager (version 5.4). Significant differences were detected in WBL% (MD = −36.41; 95% CI: −42.30 to −30.53; p < 0.00001), HKA (MD = −9.95; 95% CI: –11.65 to –8.25; p < 0.00001), and mMPTA (MD = –8.40; 95% CI:−10.27 to −6.53; p < 0.00001) but not in PTSA (MD = 0.34; 95% CI: −0.59 to 1.27; p = 0.47) between preoperative and postoperative measurements. There was no significant difference between the designed target values and the postoperative correction values of HKA (MD = 0.14; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.47; p = 0.41) or mMPTA (MD = 0.11; 95% CI −0.34 to 0.55; p = 0.64). The data show that 3D-based planning of PSI for HTO is both accurate and safe. WBL%, HKA, and mMPTA were the optimal evaluation indicators of coronal plane correction. Sagittal correction is best evaluated by the PTSA. The present study reports that PSI is accurate but not necessary in typical HTO.     

改良钳夹型脊髓损伤大鼠模型的建立及神经功能评价简

目的：建立一种稳定可靠、操作简单的不完全性脊髓损伤动物模型,并对其神经功能进行初步评价。方法将50只SD大鼠随机分为模型组、假手术组。采用改良钳夹法建立大鼠脊髓损伤模型,观察不同时间点大鼠行为学运动功能（BBB）评分、脊髓组织形态变化及损伤段脊髓的细胞凋亡因子半胱氨酸蛋白酶3（Caspase-3）阳性细胞表达的情况。结果模型组大鼠各时间点BBB评分均明显低于假手术组（P＜0.05）,假手术组各时间点大鼠脊髓组织中Caspase-3阳性细胞表达明显低于模型组（P＜0.05）。结论成功制备了稳定可靠、操作简单的不完全性脊髓损伤动物模型。     

Diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of 111In-vinorelbine-liposomes in a human colorectal carcinoma HT-29/luc-bearing animal model

Colorectal carcinoma is a highly prevalent and common cause of cancer in Taiwan. There is still no available cure for this malignant disease. To address this issue, we applied the multimodality of molecular imaging to explore the efficacy of diagnostic and therapeutic nanoradiopharmaceuticals in an animal model of human colorectal adenocarcinoma [colorectal cancer (CRC)] that stably expresses luciferase (luc) as a reporter. In this study, an in vivo therapeutic efficacy evaluation of dual-nanoliposome (100 nm in diameter) encaged vinorelbine (VNB) and (111)In-oxine on HT-29/luc mouse xenografts was carried out. HT-29/luc tumor cells were transplanted subcutaneously into male SCID mice. Multimodality of molecular imaging approaches including bioluminescence imaging (BLI), gamma scintigraphy, whole-body autoradiography (WBAR) and in vivo tumor growth tracing, histopathology and biochemistry/hematology analyses were applied on xenografted SCID mice to study the treatments with 6% polyethylene glycol (PEG) of (111)In-NanoX/VNB-liposomes. In vivo tumor growth tracing and BLI showed that tumor volume could be completely inhibited by the combination therapy with (111)In-VNB-liposomes and by chemotherapy with NanoX/VNB-liposomes (i.e., without Indium-111) (P<.01). The nuclear medicine images of gamma scintigraphy and WBAR also revealed the conspicuous inhibition of tumor growth by the combination therapy with (111)In-VNB-liposomes. Animal body weights, histopathology and biochemistry/hematology analyses were used to confirm the safety and feasibility of radiopharmaceuticals. A synergistic therapeutic effect on CRC xenografted SCID mice was proven by combining an Auger electron-emitting radioisotope (Indium-111) with an anticancer drug (VNB). This study further demonstrates the beneficial potential applications of multimodality molecular imaging as part of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches available for the evaluation of new drugs and other strategic approaches to disease treatment.     

减体重对女子举重运动员运动能力的影响及营养干预的效果

目的探讨在运动训练中的慢速减体重、赛前快速降体重和赛前体能恢复期间实施营养学干预对运动员减重后运动能力的影响.方法12名女子举重运动员随机分成实验组和对照组,每组6人.实验组和对照组运动员进行统一的运动训练并采用等同能量的饮食.实验组减重期间服用减重棒、维生素和电解质等运动营养食品,在减重后的恢复期服用快速能量补充制剂和维生素电解质强化运动营养补充;对照组服用相应的安慰剂.分别在减重前后对两组对象进行有氧能力和无氧能力测试.运动员在减重实验前与实验期间填写饥饿度自评表.结果实验组运动员体重从实验前的67.4±14.2 kg下降到快速减重后的64.6±14.1 kg,对照组从67.4±15.5 kg下降到64.3±15.4 kg.实验组在快速减重后的恢复阶段,6分钟乳酸稳态实验后即刻血乳酸浓度、心率以及主观疲劳评分显著低于对照组.两组在慢减期后、快减期后和恢复阶段,30秒Wingate测试单位体重的最大功率、平均功率和最小功率均无显著性差异,但实验组在快速恢复第1天和第3天单位体重的最大功率显著高于实验前.结论科学地减少饮食热量摄入能够按照既定的目标减轻体重;快速能量补充制剂和维生素、电解质的复合补充制剂能够明显促进运动员减体重后身体快速恢复,保持无氧能力和有氧能力;以魔芋为主要成分的减重棒能明显减轻减体重期间的饥饿感.     

The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on the healing of ischaemic skin wounds.

The effect of exogenous vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) on wound healing in an ischaemic skin flap model was evaluated in this study. Seventy-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Normal incisional wound and H-shaped double flaps were used as the wound models. The study was divided into two parts. In Part I, VEGF protein levels were determined from the incisional and H-shaped ischaemic wounds at 12 and 24 h, postoperatively. In Part II, tensile strength and immunohistochemical stains were examined to determine the level of microvessel density (MVD) at 1 and 2 weeks, postoperatively in simple incisional wounds, ischaemic wounds, and ischaemic wounds following 1 ml (1 microg/ml) exogenous VEGF injections into the subcutaneous tissue. The results showed a significantly higher level of VEGF protein in the ischaemic wounds than the incisional wounds. Tensile strength was statistically higher in the incisional wound group and in the ischaemic flap wounds with VEGF treatment compared to the ischaemic flaps with no treatment at 1 week, postoperatively (p>0.05). MVD data indicated that ischaemic wound repair with VEGF treatment had significantly higher MVD than the normal incisional wounds and ischaemic wounds without treatment. We conclude that exogenous application of VEGF can increase early angiogenesis and tensile strength in the ischaemic wound.     

椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症

目的 观察Cage椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症的近期疗效。方法 应用Cage椎间融合器治疗Ⅰ～Ⅱ度腰椎滑脱症41例，按Meyerding分度，Ⅰ度滑脱25例，Ⅱ度滑脱16例。经前路31例，经后路10例。仅置入1个Cage6例，其中前路4例，后路2例；其余均置入2个Cage。结果 手术前后X线片测量，见病椎有69％～100％(平均83％)的复位，其中15例完全复位。其中32例术后获得10～36个月、平均17个月随访，全部骨性融合，26例症状完全消失，优良率为81．3％。结论 Ⅰ～Ⅱ度的腰椎滑脱症均可应用Cage椎间融合器治疗。     

腹腔镜治疗急性胆囊炎145例分析

目的 评价腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗急性胆囊炎的安全性及可行性。方法回顾分析1994年～2000年LC治疗急性胆囊炎145例。结果本组急诊行LC，手术时间：30min～130min，平均68min。术后并发症5例，2例为胆囊动脉出血，均再次腹腔镜下止血成功；1例胆漏，1例大网膜损伤出血，再次开腹手术完成；1例肝下脓肿，经抗炎治疗痊愈。一次手术成功率96．6％(140／145)。结论急性胆囊炎发作1天～3天内，B超提示胆囊壁厚≤5mm，急诊胆囊切除术能在腹腔镜下完成。