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11.
Oskar Meggeneder 《Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften》2007,15(2):101-107
In a small company, the whole company culture, including the management style, is dominated by the owner. The management culture
in small companies and above all the management style of the owner determine the chances of successfully introducing workplace
health promotion (WHP). For this reason a typology was developed that describes the management personalities who affect the
company culture in small enterprises. This provides a guide to the possible success of WHP in connection with the management
style. Although a summary of the management and corporate culture of small companies in a few categories cannot show the variety
of social reality, it can provide orientation. The typical categories of company social order (a mixture of ownership and
leadership) in small and medium-sized enterprises are given below. Furthermore, there is an assessment of what the chances
of realising workplace health promotion are in each type of company. Small and medium-sized companies (SME) have a number
of organisational characteristics which are just ideal for the introduction and implementation of workplace health promotion.
The work of the employer and employees is often the same. Information in the company is generally comprehensive and easily
available. The lack of information which employees often complain about in large companies is not a problem. There is a good
flow of communication. Small companies have a flat hierarchy that enables participation, the essential requirement for WHP.
There is a close social relationship between the company head and the workforce, although it must be said that this closeness
can be dangerous, particularly if it is misused as complete social control. The readiness to implement Workplace Health Promotion
(WHP) in SME and the degree of success depends largely on the personality of the company manager and the style of leadership.
Considering the importance of a manager’s personality for WHP in SME, modules and instruments to assist company owners and
managers in SME are to be developed. On behalf of and in co-operation with the Austrian Network for Workplace Health Promotion
several modules have been introduced to assist owners and managers of SMEs. 相似文献
12.
Martin J. Lohse Bernice Elger Jutta Lindenborn-Fotinos Karl-Norbert Klotz Ulrich Schwabe 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1988,337(1):64-68
Summary Human platelet membranes were solubilized with the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS (3-[3-(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate) and the solubilized extract subjected to gel filtration. Binding of the adenosine receptor agonist [3H]NECA (5-N-ethylcarboxamidoadeno-sine) was measured to the eluted fractions. Two [3H]NECA binding peaks were eluted, the first of them with the void volume. This first peak represented between 10% and 25% of the [3H]NECA binding activity eluted from the column. It bound [3H]NECA in a reversible, saturable and GTP-dependent manner with an affinity of 46 nmol/1 and a binding capacity of 510 fmol/mg protein. Various adenosine receptor ligands competed for the binding of [3H]NECA to the first peak with a pharmacological profile characteristic for the A2 adenosine receptor as determined from adenylate cyclase experiments. In contrast, most adenosine receptor ligands did not compete for [3H]NECA binding to the second, major peak. These results suggest that a solubilized A2 receptor-GS protein complex of human platelets can be separated from other [3H]NECA binding sites by gel filtration. This allows reliable radioligand binding studies of the A2 adenosine receptor of human platelets.Abbreviations CHAPS
3-[3-(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammoniol-l-propanesulfonate
- CIA
2-chloroadenosine
- CPA
N6-cyclopentyladenosine
- DPX
1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine
- NECA
5-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
- PAA
2-phenylaminoadenosine
- PIA
N6-phenyhsopropyladenosine
- XAC
8-{4-[([{(2-aminoethyl)amino}carbonyl}methyl)oxy]phenyl]-1,3-dipropylxanthine
Send offprint requests to M. J. Lohse 相似文献
13.
Transrectal needle aspiration biopsy and core biopsy of the prostate were performed simultaneously on 88 men with prostatic nodules. Cytologic and histologic assessments were made in a blinded, independent fashion, and the results were compared. All patients with positive findings on aspiration also had positive findings on core biopsy, for a positive predictive value for aspiration of 100%. However, five negative and six "insufficient" results obtained by aspiration were positive on core biopsy, for a negative predictive value for aspiration of 88%. This experience support the use of needle aspiration as an initial diagnostic maneuver in the assessment of prostatic nodules. 相似文献
14.
Karl-Norbert Klotz Martin J. Lohse Ulrich Schwabe Gloria Cristalli Sauro Vittori Mario Grifantini 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1989,340(6):679-683
Summary The tritiated analogue of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), an adenosine derivative with subnanomolar affinity and a 10000-fold selectivity for A1 adenosine receptors, has been examined as a new agonist radioligand. [3H]CCPA was prepared with a specific radioactivity of 1.58 TBq/mmol (43 Ci/mmol) and bound in a reversible manner to A1 receptors from rat brain membranes with a high affinityK
D-value of 0.2 nmol/l. In the presence of GTP aK
D-value of 13 nmol/l was determined for the low affinity state for agonist binding. Competition of several adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists for [3H]CCPA binding to rat brain membranes confirmed binding to an A1 receptor. Solubilized A1 receptors bound [3H]CCPA with similar affinity for the high affinity state. At solubilized receptors a reduced association rate was observed in the presence of MgCl2, as has been shown for the agonist [3H]N6-phenylisopropyladenosine ([3H]PIA). [3H]CCPA was also used for detection of A1 receptors in rat cardio myocyte membranes, a tissue with a very low receptor density. A KD-value of 0.4 nmol/l and aB
max-value of 16 fmol/ mg protein was determined in these membranes. In human platelet membranes no specific binding of [3H]CCPA was measured at concentrations up to 400 nmol/l, indicating that A2 receptors did not bind [3H]CCPA. Based on the subnanomolar affinity and the high selectivity for A1 receptors [3H]CCPA proved to be a useful agonist radioligand for characterization of A1 adenosine receptors also in tissues with very low receptor density.Abbreviations CHA
N6-cyclopenyadenosine
- CPA
N6-cy-clopentyladen,osine
- CCPA
2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine
- CCCPA
2-chloro-5-chloro-5-deoxy-N6-cyclopentyladenosine;
- CHAPS
3-[3-(cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
- DPCPX
8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine
- NECA
N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine
- PEI
polyethylenimine
- PIA
N6-phenylisopropyladenosine
Send offprint requests to K.-N. Klotz at the above address 相似文献
15.
Wolf M von Siebenthal K Keel M Dietz V Baenziger O Bucher HU 《Journal of biomedical optics》2002,7(2):221-227
Three methods by which to determine absolute total cerebral hemoglobin concentration (tHb in micromol/L) by near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) have evolved: (1) tHbo, requiring oxygenation changes and arterial oxygen saturation measurements as a reference using a relative NIRS algorithm, (2) tHbg, using a geometrical multidistance principle and (3) tHbgo, a combination of both. The aim of this study was to compare the three methods quantitatively. Sixteen clinically stable preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 29.6 (range of 25.1-36.4) weeks, birthweight of 1386 (680-2820) g and a postnatal age of 2.5 (0.5-6) days, who needed supplemental oxygen, were enrolled. The mean+/-standard deviation tHbg was 150.2+/-41.8 micromol/L (range of 61.6-228.9 micromol/L), the tHbo was 62.1+/-27.2 micromol/L (26.0-110.8 micromol/L) and the tHbgo was 89.3+/-45.6 micromol/L (26.5-195.9 micromol/L). The correlation coefficient among the three methods were tHbg and tHbgo r=0.736; tHbo and tHbgo r=0.938; tHbg and tHbo r=0.598. A multiple regression with variable selection by Mellow's C(p) showed, that tHbg was correlated to the birthweight, the postnatal age, the heart rate and the pCO2 (r(2)=0.588), tHbo and tHbgo were associated with the hemoglobin concentration in the blood, the mean arterial blood pressure and the pCO2 (r(2)=0.493 and 0.406, respectively). The three methods (tHbg, tHbo, and tHbgo) give systematically different tHb readings and large intersubject variability. 相似文献
16.
The ability of Candida albicans and Candida spp. to adhere to inert polymeric surfaces may allow these organisms direct ingress into the human host. Biophysical characterization of this adherence shows that the forces responsible for such adherence are attractive London-van der Waals forces (or hydrophobic forces) and electrostatic forces. The hydrophobic affinity of yeasts was determined by (i) a water-hydrocarbon two-phase assay and by (ii) measurement of the contact angle (theta) of a liquid droplet on a monolayer of yeast cells. The hydrophobicity of the yeasts correlated with the tendency of yeasts to adhere to polystyrene and was reduced in the presence of Tween 20. The adherence of yeasts to polymers of increasing hydrophobicity (determined by the contact angle method) was directly proportional to theta. Yeast surface charges were altered by selectively blocking amino and carboxyl groups. The more positively charged yeasts adhered in greater numbers. Increasing the molarity of NaCl increased yeast adherence. These forces probably contribute to the negative cooperativity (determined by Scatchard and Hill plot) that characterizes the adherence of yeasts to polymers. 相似文献
17.
Oskar Nuyken Gerhard Maier Aurelia Groß Herbert Fischer 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1996,197(1):83-95
The termination reaction of the cationic polymerization of 2-phenyl- and 2-nonyl-2-oxazolines was examined by reacting the corresponding model oxazolinium salts having tosylate and trifluoromethansulfonate counterions with various nucleophiles. The reaction was monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Piperidine and KOH react with the oxazolinium salts very fast and quantitatively. In the case of piperidine, the use of a double molar amount of piperidine is necessary to achieve complete conversion. The addition of piperidine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and morpholine takes place in position 5 of the oxazolinium ring, whereas water and KOH add in position 2. The rate of the termination reaction depends on the electron density of the nucleophile which can be correlated with the pKa value. With CF3SO as counterion the addition of nucleophiles in position 5 is distinctly faster, whereas the addition of water in position 2 is much slower than with TsO? as counterion. The ring-opening of the nonyl oxazolinium ion is slower than that of the phenyl oxazolinium ion. 相似文献
18.
Doz. Dr. Oskar von Zimmermann-Meinzingen 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》1941,20(45):1113-1119
Zusammenfassung Es wurden 12 Fälle von akutem Myokardinfarkt beschrieben, bei denen das wichtige Symptom des stenokardischen Anfalles nicht in Erscheinung getreten war. In einem Falle lag bei einem dekompensierten Rechtsherzen eine embolisch bedingte Infarzierung vor, in allen übrigen Fällen handelte es sich um Coronarthrombosen bei Hypertonieherzen mit schweren Coronarsklerosen und meist auch alten Myokardschwielen. Symptomatisch boten 3 Patienten apoplektiforme Krankheitsbilder, 2 weitere Verworrenheitszustände, 4 schwere Asthma cardiale-Anfälle mit Lungenödem. Zweimal kam es zu Coronarthrombosen während typischer Bronchopneumonien. In allen Fällen war die dauernde Schmerzfreiheit das auffallendste Moment, wobei gleichzeitig auch die akute Shockwirkung bis auf einen Fall vermißt wurde. In diesem Falle handelte es sich um einen schweren Diabetes, der durch den Myokardinfarkt mit ausgeprägter Shockwirkung in ein präkomatöses Stadium kam, während 2 andere schwere, aber schon eingestellte Diabetesfälle bei Auftreten eines Myokardinfarktes sine dolore keine Verschlechterung ihrer Stoffwechsellage erkennen ließen. Nach kurzem Überblick über die Krankengeschichten und Autopsiebefunde der Patienten wurden die Ekg.-Befunde erörtert und teilweise mit Abbildungen belegt. In keinem der Fälle, die nach dem Auftreten des frischen Myokardinfarktes elektrokardiographisch registriert wurden, lag ein typisches Infarktelektrokardiogramm vor, so daß auch die ekg. Diagnostik in diesen Fällen im Stiche ließ. Zweimal wurde bloß ein diskordantes Lävogramm gefunden, wobei wir den Standpunkt vertreten, daß diesem Ekg.-Typus nicht bloß eine Linkshypertrophieform, sondern auch der Ausdruck einer Coronarinsuffizienz zuzusprechen ist, während die Überwertung von Q-Zacken, die bloß in Ableitung III aufscheinen, abgelehnt wird. Abschließend wird auf den häufigen Widerspruch zwischen Elektrokardiogramm und klinischer Diagnostik eingegangen und die strikte Unterordnung der Ekg.-Diagnostik unter die gesamte klinische Diagnostik gefordert. 相似文献
19.
Delayed clearance of diazepam due to cimetidine 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
20.
Oskar Nuyken Günter Lattermann Wolfgang Dannhorn Rainer Vogel 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1992,193(5):1057-1069
Poly(epichlorohydrin) and poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) were modified by reaction with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), tetrabutylammonium p-toluenesulfinate (NBu4SO2C7H7) and tetrabutylammonium benzenesulfinate (NBu4SO2C6H5). Though the substitution of chlorine in the polymers with these nucleophilic reagents in most cases is accompanied by side reactions, appropriate reaction conditions allow degrees of substitution higher than 90% to be obtained. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the thiocyanate-modified homo- and copolymer exhibits only a small increase with increasing degree of substitution. While the Tg of the original homo- and copolymer is observed at ?20°C and ?38°C, respectively, the glass transition of the highly substituted homopolymer occurs at ?12°C and for the copolymer at ?31°C. On the other hand, the thiocyanate-modified polymers show a remarkably higher decomposition temperature of about 250°C as compared with that of the unmodified polymers (160–180°C). In addition, the solubility is markedly influenced by the substitution. While the original homo- and copolymers are soluble in, e.g., benzene and toluene, the highly modified products are only soluble in polar solvents such as THF, acetone, DMSO and diglyme. Introducing sulfonyl groups, the resulting polymers exhibit a glass transition temperature increased to a greater extent. For the homopolymer with the highest degree of substitution (98,3%), a Tg of 73°C is observed. Concerning the decomposition temperature, a drastical increase up to 370°C occurs. Finally the influence of phase transfer catalysts on the described reactions was investigated. 相似文献