Effects of impacted maxillary canines on root resorption of lateral incisors

Objectives

The aim of this study was to analyze the amount of root resorption of maxillary lateral incisors by relating the position, location, and angulation of the impacted canine using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

The study sample consisted of panoramic and CBCT radiographs of 46 patients with a unilateral impacted canine (16 males and 30 females; mean age: 19.53 ± 6.66 and 19.44 ± 5.77 years, respectively). Sector location and canine angulation were measured in panoramics. All tomographs were obtained using CBCT (NewTom 5G, QR, Verona, Italy) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of the maxillary laterals assessed by Mimics 14.01 image analysis software.

Results

Upper lateral incisor volume was smaller on the impacted side (401.95 ± 83.69 mm³) than on the nonimpacted side (433.54 ± 92.6 mm³, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences of lateral root resorption volume when comparing the impacted canines being on the labial or palatal sides (P > 0.05), but impacted canine angulation was significantly steeper on the labial side (70.85°) than on the palatal side (46.09°, P < 0.05). The volume of root resorption of laterals when comparing the various positions of the canine in different sectors or canine angulation in 30^o intervals was not statistically significantly different (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The impacted canines caused root resorption of lateral incisors. The angulation of the canine was steeper on the labial side than on the palatal side but root resorption of adjacent laterals was not different. There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of root resorption of the laterals when the canine was evaluated according to localization and angulation.

     

Protective effects of resveratrol on small intestines against intestinal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats

Background and Aim:  The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol could prevent intestinal tissue injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R).
Methods:  Intestinal I/R was induced in rats' intestines by 60-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, followed by a 60-min reperfusion. Thirty rats were divided into three groups as follows: sham (group 1), control (group 2), and the treatment groups (group 3). The rats in the treatment group received resveratrol both before ischemia and before reperfusion. In all groups, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels were determined. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, total oxidative status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the intestinal tissue were measured. Intestinal tissue histopathology was also evaluated by light microscopy.
Results:  The levels of liver enzymes in group 3 were significantly lower than those in group 2 ( P  < 0.05). TAC in the intestinal tissue was significantly higher in group 3 than in group 2 ( P  < 0.05). TOS, OSI, and MPO in the intestinal tissue were significantly lower in group 3 than in group 2 ( P  < 0.05 for all). Histological tissue damage was milder in the resveratrol treatment group than in the control group.
Conclusions:  The results of this study indicated that resveratrol treatment limits the oxidative injury of the small intestine induced by I/R in rats. However, more precise investigations are required to evaluate the antioxidative effect of resveratrol on small intestine tissue damage in clinical and experimental models.     

Antiendomysial and antihuman recombinant tissue transglutaminase antibodies in the diagnosis of coeliac disease: a biopsy-proven European multicentre study

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of serum antitissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (IgA-TTG) and IgA antiendomysial antibodies (IgA-EMA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in cohorts from different geographical areas in Europe. The setting allowed a further comparison between the antibody results and the conventional small-intestinal histology. METHODS: A total of 144 cases with coeliac disease [median age 19.5 years (range 0.9-81.4)], and 127 disease controls [median age 29.2 years (range 0.5-79.0)], were recruited, on the basis of biopsy, from 13 centres in nine countries. All biopsy specimens were re-evaluated and classified blindly a second time by two investigators. IgA-TTG were determined by ELISA with human recombinant antigen and IgA-EMA by an immunofluorescence test with human umbilical cord as antigen. RESULTS: The quality of the biopsy specimens was not acceptable in 29 (10.7%) of 271 cases and a reliable judgement could not be made, mainly due to poor orientation of the samples. The primary clinical diagnosis and the second classification of the biopsy specimens were divergent in nine cases, and one patient was initially enrolled in the wrong group. Thus, 126 coeliac patients and 106 controls, verified by biopsy, remained for final analysis. The sensitivity of IgA-TTG was 94% and IgA-EMA 89%, the specificity was 99% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum IgA-TTG measurement is effective and at least as good as IgA-EMA in the identification of coeliac disease. Due to a high percentage of poor histological specimens, the diagnosis of coeliac disease should not depend only on biopsy, but in addition the clinical picture and serology should be considered.     

Variants in genes of innate immunity,appetite control and energy metabolism are associated with host cardiometabolic health and gut microbiota composition

ABSTRACT

Identifying the genetic and non-genetic determinants of obesity and related cardiometabolic dysfunctions is cornerstone for their prevention, treatment, and control. While genetic variants contribute to the cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), non-genetic factors, such as the gut microbiota, also play key roles. Gut microbiota is intimately associated with CMS and its composition is heritable. However, associations between this microbial community and host genetics are understudied. We contribute filling this gap by genotyping 60 variants in 39 genes of three modules involved in CMS risk, measuring cardiometabolic risk factors, and characterizing gut microbiota in a cohort of 441 Colombians. We hypothesized that CMS risk variants were correlated with detrimental levels of clinical parameters and with the abundance of disease-associated microbes. We found several polymorphisms in genes of innate immunity, appetite control, and energy metabolism that were associated with metabolic dysregulation and microbiota composition; the associations between host genetics and cardiometabolic health were independent of the participants’ gut microbiota, and those between polymorphisms and gut microbes were independent of the CMS risk. Associations were also independent of the host genetic ancestry, diet and lifestyle. Most microbes explaining genetic-microbiota associations belonged to the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae. Multiple CMS risk alleles were correlated with increased abundance of beneficial microbiota, suggesting that the phenotypic outcome of the evaluated variants might depend upon the genetic background of the studied population and its environmental context. Our results provide additional evidence that the gut microbiota is under the host genetic control and present pathways of host–microbe interactions.     

Cold exposure and left ventricular diastolic performance in coronary artery disease

It is known that cold exposure is accompanied by coronary artery vasoconstriction and ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the response of left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic functions, estimated by means of Doppler echocardiography, to cold pressor test (CPT) in patients with CAD. Twenty-five male patients (mean age 50.8 +/- 8.1 years) with documented CAD underwent CPT with Doppler echocardiographic assessment of LV diastolic and systolic functions. According to the development of ischemic response to CPT, all patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1, 10 patients with ischemia and group 2, 15 patients without ischemia during CPT. Cold exposure caused significant increase in blood pressure with no changes in heart rate in all CAD patients. Patients with signs of ischemia during cold exposure had lower transmitral flow velocity during early filling (p < 0.001), prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (p < 0.04), shortened deceleration time of early transmitral flow velocity (p < 0.001), and higher values of Doppler-derived index of myocardial performance (p < 0.0001) than those without ischemic response to CPT. Cold exposure in CAD patients through stimulating of vasoconstriction and ischemia was associated with derangements in LV myocardial performance, manifested by delayed relaxation, impaired stiffness, and reduced contractility.