Grossamide and N-trans-caffeoyltyramine from Annona crassiflora seeds

Grossamide, and N-trans-caffeoyltyramine, were isolated for the first time from the seeds of Annona crassiflora Mart, and in the Annonaceae family.     

Dizziness predicts initial worsening in panic disorder: an otoneurological investigation

Dizziness is a frequent complaint during the initial worsening of panic patients treated with clomipramine. In order to investigate the relationship between dizziness and initial worsening mechanisms, otoneurological tests were administered to 32 consecutive patients with panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia, before treatment, 36 h after the first dose of 25 mg clomipramine and after treatment and full remission of the panic and agoraphobic symptoms. A pretreatment complaint of 'dizziness during panic attacks' but not the occurrence of otoneurological abnormalities, predicted the occurrence of clinical worsening at the start of treatment. A specific pattern of otoneurological abnormalities was not found, but only three patients had normal results in all three sessions. The inconsistent test results suggest that functional vestibular pathology is frequently associated with panic disorder.     

Etoposide in the treatment of six children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X)

Six children received etoposide as the single agent for treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH; histiocytosis X). Five were less than 2 years old at diagnosis. All had multiorgan involvement; one had liver and pulmonary dysfunction. Two infants also had clinical signs of immune deficiency. Complete response was observed in five. There was no major toxicity. Although three of four evaluable patients relapsed, the drug was considered useful in moving the children from a symptomatic to an asymptomatic clinical status. Etoposide may become a "first-line" drug in the treatment of systemic LCH, especially when the side effects of steroid therapy are considered unacceptable.     

The most frequent neurologic disturbances. A contribution to the definition of topics for the programmatic content to the program of neurology in medical graduation

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge accumulation is overfilling the thematic content of medical graduation. Medical Schools must be alert to define a minimal content related with the most frequent disturbs. We intent to suggest topics for the minimal content, to the program of Neurology in medical graduation. METHOD: 1. To identify the places where young doctors are working outside the School Hospital (SH): we analysed the answers of the letters sent to 6415 resident - doctors (RD) in S?o Paulo's State and we made personal interview with 201 RD. 2. To verify the most frequent neuropsychiatric disturbs (ND) in the population: we made the analysis of the patient's diagnostic records in emergency room of three institutions: Municipal of Taubaté-SP, Municipal of S?o José dos Campos-SP and Faculty of Medicine of S?o Paulo Santa Casa de Misericórdia. RESULTS: 1. The RD are young and, outside the SH, they work in other emergency services. 2. The most frequent diagnosis in institutions were listed: alcoholism, cerebrovascular disease, coma, cranial trauma, dementia, dizziness, epilepsy, facial paralysis, faint, headache, hemiplegia or paraplegia, meningitis, others paralysis, periferical neuropathy and psychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Those diagnostics most frequent are relevant topics of the programmatic content to the program of Neurology in medical graduation.     

Carpal tunnel syndrome: controversies regarding clinical and electrodiagnosis and its work-relatedness

The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) may be difficult because paresthesias and tingling in the upper limbs are commonly reported in the general population. These symptoms are poorly correlated with changes of nerve conduction studies of the median nerve. CTS should be diagnosed only when typical symptoms are associated with significant electrophysiological abnormalities. The association of CTS with work is highly controversial.     

The effects of hand preference and gender on finger tapping performance asymmetry by the use of an infra-red light measurement device

We used an infra-red device to study the effects of gender and handwriting preference on manual asymmetry in tapping rate and intertap variability. Our sample (n=102) consisted of approximately equal number of subjects with respect to gender (52 women and 50 men) and handedness (52 right-handers and 50 left-handers). Data on overall performance indicated that men performed more quickly and regularly than women. The index used for measuring manual asymmetry was the difference between the hands as a proportion of the total. Therefore, the asymmetry index was adjusted to remove the influence of overall performance. The analyses based on asymmetry scores indicated a significant handedness effect: right-handers showed greater manual asymmetries than left-handers for both tapping rate and intertap variability. In addition, right handers exhibited a significant greater asymmetry for intertap variability than tapping rate. Taken together, these data may reflect greater hemispheric differences in right-handers, specially for intertap variability.     

Induction of partial protection in mice after oral administration of Lactococcus lactis producing Brucella abortus L7/L12 antigen.

The Brucella abortus ribosomal protein L7/L12 is an immunodominant antigen and an interesting candidate for the development of oral live vaccines against brucellosis. Here, a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain producing L7/L12 under the control of nisin inducible promoter was orally administered to BALB/c mice. Significant levels of anti-L7/L12 specific IgA detected in feces revealed an induced local humoral immune response. However, serum analysis did not reveal any anti-L7/L12 antibodies suggesting the absence of a systemic response. Nevertheless, the vaccinated mice showed a partial protective immunity against B. abortus virulent strain (S2308) challenged by intraperitoneal inoculation.     

An assessment of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in sepsis.

Tissue lesion mechanisms provoked by sepsis include the infectious process, inflammation, and cellular energy deficit. We chose to test fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) because of its possible anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial actions. Wistar rats were used and divided into three experimental groups: a control group (n=10), in which a capsule was introduced into the peritoneum of the animals; a septic group (n=10), in which a capsule containing non-sterile fecal matter was introduced together with Escherichia coli (1.5 x 10(9)CFU); and a septic group treated with FBP 500 mg/kg (n=10). The blood cell tests revealed that levels of leukocytes increased significantly in the septic group when compared to both the septic group treated with FBP and the control group. The blood cultures were 100% positive in both the septic group and the septic group treated with bisphosphorylated sugar. The antibiogram only revealed an inhibitory halo in the case of the antibiotic ampicillin, there was no such indication for FBP. The anti-inflammatory power of FBP remained at 60% for 5 h in the rats that received the carrageenan injection. What is more, the sugar reduced the levels of ionic calcium in relation to the control group. This data proves the validity of using FBP in the treatment of sepsis, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory rather than antimicrobial action.