RELIABILITY OF,DIFFERENCE AND CORRELATION BETWEEN FAR AND NEAR HYPERPHORIAS

Far and near hyperphorias were obtained from three groups of subjects, 25 each. Retest reliability from group 1 was high (0.96 and 0.99). Far then near hyperphorias from group 2 was highly correlated (0.94). Near then far hyperphorias from group 3 was not Significantly correlated. Frequency of occurrence of hyperphorias in. the reversed order of near then far measurement was significantly higher than that in the usual order of far then near, indicating influence of some undetermined sources. No significant difference was found between any comparison of the means. Thus, near hyperphoria may be omitted in the usual order of clinical measurement.     

THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BLEEDING,PERFORATION, AND STENOSIS IN DUODENAL ULCERATION

The interrelationship of gastrointestinal bleeding, acute perforation, and pyloroduodenal stenosis was examined in a hospital series of 1,457 patients with duodenal ulcers. The proportion of each complication among the total number of ulcer patients after various periods of ulcer symptoms was determined. There was little variation in the proportion with bleeding as the duration of symptoms increased, whereas the proportion with perforation decreased and the proportion with stenosis increased with increasing duration of ulcer dyspepsia. The association of bleeding with perforation (26 patients) was more common than the association of bleeding with stenosis (12 patients), and more so than the association of perforation with stenosis (4 patients). To explain the paradoxical relationship of perforation and stenosis it was proposed that perforation occurred when the pathological process in ulceration was such that there was more tissue destruction than tissue repair, and that stenosis would result if there was more tissue repair than tissue destruction.     

Crosstalk Due to Activation of Atrial Sense Marker Function of DDD Pulse Generators

We studied the occurrence and characteristics of crosstalk related to the atrial sense marker function of the Intermedics Cosmos DDD pulse generator in 29 patients. Upon activation of the atrial sense markers, the pulse generator delivers a series of markers in the form of triggered atrial stimuli at 0.025 ms in duration at the programmed voltage output of the atrial channel. Under certain circumstances, these atrial sense marker stimuli may cause crosstalk when they are sensed by the ventricular sensing amplifier. This form of crosstalk may be eliminated in most cases by decreasing ventricular sensitivity and/or atrial output voltage.     

Influence of Hydroxypropyl β-Cyclodextrin on the Stability of Benzylpenicillin in Chloroacetate Buffer

Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCyD) has been shown to stabilize a wide variety of chemically distinct pharmaceutical entities through inclusion-complex formation between drug and cyclodextrin. The effect of HPβCyD on the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G) was evaluated in chloroacetate buffer at pH 2.20. At penicillin G: cyclodextrin molar concentration ratios from 1:1 to 1:10, HPβCyD effected stabilization of penicillin G by 1.56- to 5.21-fold. At all temperatures, the observed first-order rate constant (k_obs) values assumed a non-linear, Michaelis-Menten type decrease as a function of increasing HPβCyD concentration. Degradation of penicillin G complexed with HPβCyD (penicillin G-HPβCyD), was approximately ninefold slower than uncomplexed penicillin G. The proportion of penicillin G degrading in either of these forms was, in turn, determined by the equilibrium constant for the complexation. The apparent thermodynamic and activation parameters for the complexation between penicillin G and HPβCyD have also been evaluated. The negative standard enthalpy change (ΔH^°) for the complexation implied that the penicillin G-HPβCyD complex would be predisposed towards enhanced stability, and thus the k_obs value for the hydrolysis of penicillin G decreased with reduction of temperature in these systems. The lack of difference between the enthalpies of activation (ΔH?) for the hydrolysis of uncomplexed and complexed penicillin G seemed to be compensated by the significant difference between the entropies of activation (ΔS?) for these hydrolytic reactions. The results indicate that HPβCyD represents a viable means of stabilization of penicillin G solutions at the pH employed in this study.     

食蟹猴疟原虫——斯氏按蚊系统猴疟模型的一些生物学特性和对常用抗疟药物的生物效应

本文证明在一定条件下,斯氏按蚊对食蟹猴疟原虫的感染率为77±0.15％;恒河猴易感性强,对照组的感染率非常稳定,用10~5个以上子孢子静脉接种恒河猴可100％获得感染。在食蟹猴疟原虫—斯氏按蚊系统猴疟模型上,常用抗疟药如乙胺嘧啶、伯喹显示有病因性预防作用。伯喹剂量达到2.5mg(基质)/kg×5天,合并氯喹20mg(基质)/kg×3天显示有权治作用,氯喹20mg(基质)kg×3天则仅能显示抑制性治疗作用。     

Teratogenesis of Calcium Valproate in Rats

Teratogenesis of Calcium Valproate in Rats. Ong, Lina L., Schardein,James L., Petrere, Judith A., Sakowski, Raymond, Jordan, Hollis,Humphrey, Ronald R., Fitzgerald James E., and de la Iglesia,Felix A. (1983). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 3:121-126. Studies wereconducted to determine the teratogenic potential of the calciumsalt of valproic acid in rats when given orally at doses of600, 150, and 50 mg/kg on days 6–15 of gestation. Thesodium salt of valproic acid was used as a reference agent ata dose level of 600 mg/kg. The administration of 600 mg/kg/dayof either calcium or sodium valproate resulted in transient,severe sedation in the dams. Four dams receiving 600 mg/kg ofeither salt died during the experiment, with deaths occurringbetween day 7 and 11 of gestation. Food consumption and bodyweight gain were significantly reduced during the dosing periodwith both salts at dose levels of 600 mg/kg. Embryotoxicityat the high doses(600 mg/kg) with either salt was manifestedby increases in fetal resorption, reduced body weights, andsignificantly increased Incidence of supernumerary ribs andbifid vertebral centra among the surviving fetuses. A teratogeniceffect was evident at 600 mg/kg with either salt of valproicacid. Seven of 16 fetuses from dams given the calcium salt wereabnormal. Findings included one with omphalocele and six otherswith skeletal malformations. Eleven of 24 fetuses from damsgiven the sodium salt were abnormal: three littermates had bilateralectrodactyly of the rear feet and malformed vertebral centraand eight others had skeletal malformations. No teratogeniceffect was evident among the fetuses from dams given 150 mg/kgcalcium salt. Embryotoxicity was demonstrated by a significantincrease in the incidence of supernumerary ribs. No adverseeffect was observed among the fetuses from dams given 50 mg/kgof the calcium salt.