Cross-cultural Study of Alcohol Behaviour Among Singapore College Students

To test the hypothesis that Singapore Indian college students would experience higher rates of drinking problem behaviour than their Chinese counterparts, the Engs and Hanson questionnaire was administered to 767 Chinese and 185 Indian undergraduate students. The significant differences in drinking problems found between Indian and Chinese students were interpreted as reflected a higher level of anomie among the Indians in terms of their drinking norms. Singapore Indian students' alcohol-related problem behaviours, however, are considerably less than those found in college students from western countries.     

An unusual cause of calf hypertrophy: severe lumbar canal stenosis with S1 nerve root radiculopathy

We report an unusual case of calf hypertrophy in a 62‐year‐old woman who developed progressive enlargement of the left calf in association with chronic lower back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the affected calf confirmed enlargement of the soleus muscle. MRI of the lumbar spine showed multilevel degenerative changes. Electromyography revealed neurogenic features consistent with S1 radiculopathy. Our case illustrates that muscular hypertrophy may follow chronic denervation as a consequence of spinal neural compressive disease. The various mechanisms postulated for this distinct condition and therapeutic strategies are outlined.     

Clinical Usefulness of Chest Wall Stimulation in Patients with Automatic Tachycardia Terminating Pacemakers

Chest wall stimulation may be used diagnostically and therapeutically in the follow-up of patients with automatic tachycardia-terminating pulse generators. In this report, we present our experience with chest wall stimulation in the follow-up of five patients with implanted Intermedics CyberTach 60 automatic tachycardia-terminating pacemakers (three for supraventricular tachycardia and two for ventricular tachycardia). Chest wall stimulation delivered at a rate faster than the rate detection criterion of the pulse generator often precipitates reentry tachycardia, making it possible to perform a noninvasive electrophysiologic study. In addition, chest wall stimulation may be invaluable in the termination of reentry tachycardia which is unsensed by an implanted pulse generator either because the rate is too slow, or below the rate detection criterion, or because the intracardiac signal does not attain the sensitivity of the pulse generator.     

Cow's Milk Protein Sensitive Enteropathy (CMPSE): An Important Cause of Protracted Diarrhoea in Infancy

Iyngkaran, N., Robinson, M. J., Davis, K. A., Sumithran, E., Kumar, M. V., Ong, T. H., Yadav, M., Boey, C. G., Lam, S. K. and Puthucheary, S. D. (1979). Aust. Paediatr. J., 15, 266–270. Cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE): an important cause of protracted diarrhoea in infancy. Twenty-six infants with protracted diarrhoea were studied, and 21 were found to have cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy. Associated secondary sugar intolerance was present in the majority of these infants, but the symptoms did not improve with a lactose-free, cow's milk protein containing formula. Eleven infants tolerated and thrived well on a lactose and cow's milk protein-free formula. Ten infants required total parenteral nutrition for periods of 1 to 3 weeks before they tolerated a lactose and cow's milk protein-free formula orally. This limited study suggests that cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy may be a major cause of protracted diarrhoea in infancy and that exclusion of cow's milk protein as well as lactose from the diet is essential in the nutritional rehabilitation of these infants. With careful manipulation of these special formulae the need for total parenteral nutrition may be obviated in many infants with protracted diarrhoea.     

我国流行性感冒麻疹风疹流行性腮腺炎流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗预防接种后不良反应分析评价和预防对策

通过中国医院知识仓库 (CHKD)期刊知识库文献检索 ,对中国流行性感冒、麻疹、风疹、流行性腮腺炎、流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗预防接种后不良反应 (AEFI)进行分析和评价。结果显示 :近 10年来有关AEFI报告和研究呈逐年增加趋势 ,但多数是一般性病例报告 ,缺乏深入的流行病学调查研究。应根据AEFI与预防接种的因果关系的一致性、关联程度、时间联系、特异性、生物学合理性 ,来判断、分析感染性AEFI和非感染性AEFI。必须加强AEFI预防和处理措施 ,加强疫苗质量控制和管理 ,开展技术培训和监测 ,建立正常疫苗供应渠道和扩大预防接种的社会宣传、普及。     

增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的手术治疗--玻璃体切除联合晶状体超声乳化吸出术

目的　评价玻璃体手术联合晶状体乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床效果。方法　回顾性分析3 8例 (4 1眼 )行玻璃体切除联合晶状体乳化吸出术的伴有白内障的增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变的临床资料 ,其中 3 7眼同期植入后房型人工晶状体。结果　术后随访 3～ 5 5月 ,平均 (12± 10 6)月。 2 7眼 (65 9% )术后视力改善。术中无并发症发生。术后并发症有 :前房炎性反应 3眼 (7 3 % ) ,玻璃体积血 5眼 (12 2 % ) ,复发性视网膜脱离 3眼 (7 3 % ) ,新生血管性青光眼 4眼(9 8% )。 14眼术后需要进一步治疗 ,包括眼内光凝、玻璃体手术和青光眼滤过手术。结论　玻璃体切除联合晶状体乳化吸出术治疗增生性糖尿病性视网膜病变 ,可使大多数患者的视力改善 ,手术是安全的     

帕金森病模型大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的氧化应激研究

目的　探索帕金森病模型大鼠黑质多巴胺能神经元的氧化应激发病机制。方法　通过立体定位仪 ,将 6-OHDA注入大鼠一侧纹状体内制备 PD模型 ,2周后观察动物的行为学改变 ,2个月后观察黑质纹状体等的病理形态学变化 ,检测模型组、假手术组和正常对照组的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ,丙二醛 (MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)代谢产物 (NO x)的含量的变化。结果　成功 PD模型鼠有 2 2只。光镜下 HE染色示模型组右侧黑质的多巴胺神经元受损 ,数目减少。模型组右侧黑质的 SOD的含量下降 ,MDA及 NO x含量明显升高 ,与左侧、假手术组及正常对照组相比有显著差异 (P>0 .0 5)。结论　 6-OHDA纹状体内双靶点注射法是一种有效的制备 PD模型的方法。帕金森病大鼠模型黑质内 SOD活性下降 ,MDA、NO x含量升高 ,氧化应激在 PD的发病中起重要的作用