血必净注射液治疗急性痛风性关节炎的临床观察

[目的] 观察血必净注射液治疗急性痛风性关节炎的临床疗效.[方法] 将60例急性痛风性关节炎患者随机分为对照组与治疗组,每组各30例,均予常规西医治疗,治疗组加用血必净注射液,治疗两周观察疗效,比较两组临床总有效率、C反应蛋白(CRP)及血尿酸(SUA)水平的变化.[结果] 治疗组临床总有效率为93%,对照组为73%,治疗组与对照组相比有统计学差异(P<0.05).[结论] 血必净注射液治疗急性痛风性关节炎疗效满意.     

下颌骨透明标本的制作及其血供系统的观测

目的 探索下颌骨血供系统的直观观测手段。方法 将6例墨汁灌注的新鲜下颌骨标本制作成透明标本，对其血供系统进行观察分析。结果 下颌骨制作成透明标本后，可以清晰观测其血供系统的来源、分布以及吻合情况。下颌骨血供系统主要由下牙槽动脉及其分支，以及骨膜动脉网来完成。结论 下颌骨透明标本是直观观测下颌骨血供的有效手段。     

Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji: a report of three cases and review of the literature

Papuloerythroderma of Ofuji is a rare, distinctive entity featuring widespread erythematous, flattopped papules, with a striking sparing of body folds (the so-called‘deck-chair’sign), and peripheral eosinophilia. We report three elderly men who showed the typical features of this disease, and who responded to corticosteroid therapy. Immunohistochemical studies with anti-S-100 and UCHL-1 (CD45 RO) antibodies indicated the presence of abundant dendritic cells and mature T cells in the dermis. In addition, one patient had concomitant tinea corporis. Treatment with griseofulvin alone resulted in clearing of the fungal infection and improvement of his papuloerythroderma, and worsening of his papuloerythroderma occurred when the tinea relapsed.     

Determining nurse staffing needs: the workload intensity measurement system

hoi s.y., ismail n., ong l.c. & kang j. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18 , 44–53 Determining nurse staffing needs: the workload intensity measurement system
Objective  To develop a prototype nursing workload intensity measurement system (WIMS).
Background  Current nurse staffing was determined based on a development. The predetermined nurse-to-patient ratio of a measurement system in the present work environment was deemed essential.
Methods  The study was conducted in a 1500-bed acute care hospital in Singapore. A questionnaire was designed to identify critical indicators for workload measurement. Nineteen wards were observed over a period of 1 week on day shifts. The WIMS was developed using regression modelling.
Results  Nursing time required for a low-acuity ward increased from 90.5 to 177.1 hours per day. The WIMS was developed using nursing diagnoses as critical indicators of workload. The model (WIMS) yield R ² values ranging from 0.615 to 0.736 across the six key disciplines, rendering it a model with relatively good predictive ability of nursing time required.
Conclusion  In such a rapidly changing work environment, workload measurement systems should be reviewed periodically. The WIMS was developed as a potential methodology for measuring staffing needs.
Implication for Nursing Management  Workload predictions should de-link patient dependency with acuity status as both do not correlate, as evidenced by this study.     

药物代谢组学研究进展

药物代谢组学是在系统生物学背景下,代谢组学与药学紧密交叉、有机结合促生的一门新兴学科。它依托现代分析技术、化学计量学和生物信息学技术,通过分析比较给药前后生物体液中小分子代谢物轮廓的改变来进行药物疗效和毒性的评价、预测。本文对药物代谢组学的研究流程和应用等方面的最新进展进行了系统概括,并对相关技术要点和存在的问题进行了讨论。     

High-resolution computed tomography in patients with atypical ‘cardiac‘ chest pain: a study investigating patients at 10-year cardiovascular risks defined by the Framingham and PROCAM scores

Background and objective Atypical ‘cardiac‘ chest pain (ACCP) is not usually caused by myocardial ischaemia. Current noninvasive investigations for these symptoms are not yet as accurate as invasive coronary angiography. The latest 64-row multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) technology is non-invasive, has high specificity and negative predictive values for the detection of significant coronary disease. Our aim was to investigate if this modality can provide more information in the assessment of outpatients with ACCP in addition to established cardiovascular risk scores. Methods Seventy consecutive patients presenting to the outpatient clinic with ACCP underwent 64-row MDCT scan of the coronary arteries. They were categorized into low, medium or high risk groups based upon the Framingham and PROCAM scores. We defined a clinically abnormal MDCT scan as coronary stenosis =50% or calcium score ＞400 Agatston. Results Fifty-three (75.7%) patients did not have clinically abnormal scans. Framingham score classified 43 patients as low-risk while PROCAM classified 59 patients as low-risk. MDCT scans were abnormal for 18.6% and 22.0% of the respective low-risk group of patients. For patients with medium-to-high risk, 33.3% and 36.4% of Framingham and PROCAM patient groups respectively had abnormal MDCT scans. Conclusion MDCT adds valuable information in the assessment of patients with ACCP by identifying a significant proportion of patients categorized as low-risk to have underlying significant coronary stenosis and coronary calcification by established cardiovascular risk scores.     

Feasibility and accuracy of coronary imaging in elderly patients using the 64-row multi-detector computed tomography: a correlation study with conventional coronary angiography

Background Elderly patients generally have higher occurrence of coronary calcification, increased heart rate and difficulty with prolonged breath-holding. The aim of our study was to investigate the feasibility and accuracy of using 64-row multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) in the assessment of coronary artery stenoses in elderly patients. Methods One hundred and fifty two patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease were divided into 4 groups according to their age (Group A: 40-49 years, n=34; Group B: 50-59 years, n=57; Group C: 60-69 years, n=48; Group D: 70 years and above; n=13). Coronary CT angiography (CTA) using a 64-row MDCT was performed and the findings were compared with that of conventional coronary angiography (CCA). Using axial images, multi-planar reconstructions (MPR) and maximum intensity projections (MIP), coronary segments of lumen diameter = 1.5mm were analyzed for the presence of significant stenosis (= 50% ). Results Percentages of poor image quality from coronary CTA preventing reliable correlations with CCA were 21%, 14%, 19% and 62% in Groups A to D respectively. Patients in Group D had significantly higher calcium scores compared with the other groups (P<0.001). In patients where CTA images were of acceptable quality, percentages of accurate correlations with CCA were 89.8%, 93.4%, 86.6% and 78.0% for Groups A to D respectively. There were no significant difference in serum creatinine, heart rate and contrast volume between the 4 groups. Conclusions The 64-row MDCT coronary angiography was less accurate and feasible for patients aged 70 years or above due to heavy coronary calcification and inability to perform a satisfactory breath-hold. However, a high diagnostic accuracy with the MDCT is possible in patients aged less than 70 years.(J Geriatric Cardiol 2006;3(1):9-14)     

Assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction: comparison of two dimensional echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and 64-row multi-detector computed tomography

Objectives To compare left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) determined from 64-row multi-detector computed tomography (64-row MDCT) with those determined from two dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Methods Thirty-two patients with coronary artery disease underwent trans-thoracic 2D echo, CMR and contrast-enhanced 64-row MDCT for assessment of LVEF within 48 hours of each other. 64-row MDCT LVEF was derived using the Syngo Circulation software; CMR LVEF was by Area Length Ejection Fraction (ALEF) and Simpson method and 2D echo LVEF by Simpson method. Results The LVEF was 49.13±15.91 % by 2D echo, 50.72±16.55% (ALEF method) and 47.65±16.58%(Simpson method) by CMR and 50.00±15.93% by 64-row MDCT. LVEF measurements by 64-row MDCT correlated well with LVEF measured with CMR using either the ALEF method (Pearson correlation r = 0.94, P <0.01) or Simpson method (r = 0.92, P<0.01). It also correlated well with LVEF measured using 2D echo (r = 0.80, P < 0.01). Conclusion LVEF measurements by 64-row MDCT correlated well with LVEF measured by CMR and 2D echo. The correlation between 64-row MDCT and CMR was better than the correlation between 2D echo with CMR. Standard data set from a 64-row MDCT coronary study can be reliably used to calculate the LVEF. (J Geriatr Cardiol 2006;3(1): 2-8)     

COMMENTS

Prompted by recognition of the potential of chemotherapy to increase the success of testis conserving surgery in patients with germ cell cancer, background and outcome data are reviewed and their contribution to the ongoing debate about how germ cell cancer develops discussed. The review is based on three previous studies of: a) time trends in tumour size in 578 personal series of all stages of testis cancer treated since 1978; b) impact of chemotherapy on actuarial risk of tumours in contralateral testis examined on 1221 patients treated in trials through the Anglian Germ Cell Cancer Consortium; and c) testes conservation attempted using chemotherapy in 78 patients. Since 1978 tumour size has decreased from 4.8 to 3.0 cms while cure has gone from 77 to 97%. There was no overall long term reduction in second cancers beyond 10 years in stage 1 patients after orchidectomy alone compared to stage 1 or metastatic disease patients receiving chemotherapy though the incidence was non significantly lower up to 10 years particularly in those patients receiving etoposide based combination. Testis conservation was initially successful in 28 of 78 (36%). An additional 25 (32%) had no viable cancer in orchidectomy specimen. In the 28 primary tumours cured by chemotherapy there was a 26% late relapse rate between 5 and 10 years (all cured by orchidectomy) compared to less than 5% in those cured with established metastases. In conclusion, testis conservation with chemotherapy is safe and feasible, though relapse is too frequent for routine service use. Confirmation of the high frequency of late relapse by others has raised the question whether these recurrences are due to post pubertal events reinducing CIS in intrauterine oestrogen primed germ cells and highlights the potential of testes conservation studies to better understand germ cell cancer development.     

Education in Occupational Health: with Special Emphasis on Eight Asian Countries

A study project of the Asian Association of Occupational Healthin eight Asian countries (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia,the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand) was conductedin 1981-83. Among other objectives, a study on OccupationalHealth Education was included. It was found that in all thesecountries there was teaching of occupational health in medicalschools. However, there was little teaching of nurses. Few countrieshad formal training of safety engineers. Specialist trainingin occupational health was available in six countries. The findingsare compared with the known situation in other countries. Possibleways to promote more cooperation and improvements in Asia arethen discussed. Professor W. O. Phoon, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, National University of Singapore, Outram Hill, Singapore 0316, Republic of Singapore.