双向电泳法测定辐照前后大鼠淋巴细胞蛋白质组的改变

目的用双向电泳方法分析γ射线照射后辐射损伤期和修复期大鼠外周血淋巴细胞蛋白质组的改变，以探讨外周血淋巴细胞辐射损伤与修复的机制。方法采用2Gy全身照射SD大鼠，分别于辐照前和辐照后24、72h取外周血，分离淋巴细胞，制备蛋白样品，进行双向电泳测定。电泳胶银染显色，用Image Master 2D Elite软件对获得的蛋白图谱加以分析，寻找差异表达的蛋白质。结果与辐照前相比，有7个蛋白点在照后24、72h表达消失；4个蛋白点在辐照后24h表达减弱，72h表达消失；6个蛋白点在辐照后24、72h表达减弱；6个蛋白点在照后24、72h表达增强。结论大鼠辐照前后外周血淋巴细胞的蛋白质表达发生了显著改变。这些差异蛋白可能和辐射诱导的损伤及应激反应有关。     

THE EFFECTS OF EXPERIMENTAL DIVISION OF THE VASCULAR PEDICLE OF A TRANSPOSED SUBCUTANEOUS ILEAL LOOP

The effects of immediate division of the neurovascular pedicles of ileal loops implanted in the subcutaneous tissues for four weeks were studied In eight mongrel dogs. The structural and functional changes were studied by examining sections under light and electron microscopy and by comparing D-xylose absorption and motility patterns. Arteriograms were done to show the new subcutaneous collaterals supplying the loops. Of the eight dogs, four had loops showing normal histological appearances and D-xylose absorptive functions after division of the pedicles. In the remaining four dogs, the loops showed evidence of pseudomembranous changes in some areas, resulting in patching necrosis possibly due to inadequate collaterals. The absorption of D-xylose was impaired in these dogs. Perhaps a longer period of transposition and a gradual division of the vascular pedicle would improve the results. The motility pattern did not change after division of the pedicle, though the response to intravenous carbachol was significantly delayed.     

BILATERAL BREAST CANCER IN A CHINESE MALE

The occurrence of metachronous bilateral breast cancer In a Chinese male Is described, and the difficulties in distinguishing between a second primary tumour and metastatic spread from an earlier tumour are discussed.     

EFFECT OF ANO-RECEPTIVE HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICE ON T LYMPHOCYTES AND DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY IN TRANSSEXUALS

To determine whether ano-receptive sexual intercourse adversely affects a person's cellular immunity, we compared several immunological parameters among 100 transsexual male prostitutes and 40 heterosexual male controls, and also among different durations of prostitution. The mean ratios of CD-4 (helper/inducer) lymphocytes to CD-8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes and the delayed-type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH) scores were significantly lower in transsexuals than they were in heterosexual controls; these parameters also showed a decreasing trend with increasing duration of prostitution. Transsexuals have a significantly higher CD-8 lymphocyte count than have heterosexuals. No significant differences between transsexuals and heterosexuals were found for lymphocyte counts, pan T cells, and CD-4 cell counts. We postulate that in these subjects cellular immunity is progressively reduced, probably through repeated and prolonged antigenic challenge via receptive anal intercourse. The impairment in cellular immunity is associated with the duration of prostitution, independent of the man's age.     

Reprogramming of Implanted Pacemaker Following External Defibrillation

This report describes reprogramming of a pulse generator consequent to cardiac defibrillation. Analysis of the explanted pulse generator revealed normal function. We tested the electrical properties of several defibrillators and our studies suggest that erratic electrostatic discharges at the time of paddle application before defibrillation may create a signal sequence capable of reprogramming the particular pulse generator by activating either the reed switch or internal electronics.     

The Noise Sampling Period: A New Cause of Apparent Sensing Malfunction of Demand Pacemakers

Two patients with Omni-Stanicor pulse generators presented an apparent sensing problem characterized by intermittent reversion to fixed-rate pacing only during atrial fibrillation with a very rapid ventricular rate. Every fixed-rate cycle contained two unsensed beats. The first unsensed beat fell in the noise sampling period (the last 1/6 of the pacemaker refractory period) and, therefore, disabled the demand function of the pulse generator for a single timing cycle. The presence of two consecutively unsensed beats within one timing cycle (automatic or escape interval) during tachycardia suggests normal function of the noise sampling period of this particular pulse generator, rather than a true sensing problem. The diagnosis becomes evident if the sensing problem disappears when abbreviation of the refractory period occurs by reprogramming the pulse generator at a higher rate.     

Unusual Complication of Bifascicular Block During Surgery Under General Anesthesia

This report describes the occurrence of Mobitz type II AV block during surgery under general anesthesia in a patient with apparently uncomplicated right bundle branch and left anterior fascicular block (RBBB and LAH). Although prophylactic pacing is not usually recommended in uncomplicated RBBB and LAH, the events in this case suggest that this abnormality may not always be benign during surgery. Continuous monitoring is essential and emergency equipment for temporary pacing should be readily available near the operating and recovery rooms.     

The hard work of self-management: Living with chronic knee pain

Self-management is a key policy initiative in many western countries, and most approaches are designed for people with long-term conditions based upon giving support and advice in order to manage the impact of the condition(s). Less attention has been paid to what people already do themselves. In this paper we focus on the meaning and enactment of self-management in everyday life and the hard work associated with devising and maintaining routine adaptive strategies. This UK-based qualitative study examined how people live with knee pain. From the interviews (22 at baseline, 15 at 6 months) and monthly diaries, it emerged that self-management could be based on implicit and incremental learning from experience or on explicit evaluation of actions. Either way, embodied and emotional hard work was involved in maintaining a daily life that allowed people to fulfil social roles and relationships. This individual and contextualised work needs to be recognised and drawn upon before specific self-management approaches are promoted.     

Mechanisms of tubulo-interstitiaI injury in progressive renal diseases

Abstract. A vast amount of evidence, based upon human renal biopsy material, indicates that the presence of tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis is a better indicator of outcome of renal function than is the extent of glomerular sclerosis. The pathophysiological basis for this surprising fact has not been adequately addressed. In this review we point out that the systemic hypertension which accompanies most forms of chronic renal disease could impact adversely upon the vasodilated interstitial vascular compartment which, together with a component of primary capillary injury related to the disease process, could cause progressive obliteration of particular capillaries. This would initiate a process of chronic tubular ischaemia ultimately leading to tubular atrophy. Since tubular cells have been shown to produce an array of cytokines and growth factors which modulate fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix production and chemo-attracts for infiltrating cells, it is further proposed that it is the tubular injury which initiates the deleterious cascade of events. Tubular injury may be aggravated by the filtration of potentially 'noxious' molecules through the diseased glomerulus and by infiltrating cells. As the vascular bed into which glomerular blood flow empties is progressively obliterated, glomerular function declines and renal failure advances in relation to the degree of tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.