Building a Methodological Foundation for Impactful Urban Planetary Health Science

Anthropogenic environmental change will heavily impact cities, yet associated health risks will depend significantly on decisions made by urban leaders across a wide range of non-health sectors, including transport, energy, housing, basic urban services, and others. A subset of planetary health researchers focus on understanding the urban health impacts of global environmental change, and how these vary globally and within cities. Such researchers increasingly adopt collaborative transdisciplinary approaches to engage policy-makers, private citizens, and other actors in identifying and evaluating potential policy solutions that will reduce environmental impacts in ways that simultaneously promote health, equity, and/or local economies—in other words, maximising ‘co-benefits’. This report presents observations from a participatory workshop focused on challenges and opportunities for urban planetary health research. The workshop, held at the 16th International Conference on Urban Health (ICUH) in Xiamen, China, in November 2019, brought together 49 participants and covered topics related to collaboration, data, and research impact. It featured research projects funded by the Wellcome Trust’s Our Planet Our Health (OPOH) programme. This report aims to concisely summarise and disseminate participants’ collective contributions to current methodological practice in urban planetary health research.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎下护理人员心理状况调查及应对策略研究

目的 了解郑州市新型冠状病毒肺炎患者定点收治医院护理人员的心理状况,从而为应对突发公共卫生事件医务人员的心理卫生、心理干预咨询提供参考的理论依据及指导.方法 选择本市新型冠状病毒肺炎疑似及确诊患者定点救治医院护理人员,共收集到462名护理人员信息,采用填写网络问卷SCL-90量表的方法进行调查,并与常模数据做对比,用SPSS19.0统计软件进行统计分析.结果 最终完成436名护理人员调查统计与分析,SCL-90量表总得分为(144.51±36.20),高于1986年全国常模(129.96±38.26)分以及2006年全国常模(130.021±33.626)分.其中,躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖因子分高于护士常模(P＜0.05)及全国常模(P＜0.05).结论 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,本市护理人员存在一定的心理压力.我们应注意到护理人员的心理压力以及引起压力的主要危险因素,并采取积极有效的方式应对,采取针对性措施进行疏导,减轻护理人员的心理压力,保证护理人员工作有效顺利进行.     

SPECT在癫*诊断中的价值

目的：探讨单光子断层扫描（SPECT）对颅内非局灶性病变致癫痫的无创性定位诊断的作用和临床意义,并与EEG,MRI进行比较,方法：对88例癫痫病人分别在1－2周内行SPECT,EEG,MRI检查,比较3种方法的检出率,准确度,特异度,敏感度,阳性及阴性预测值,结果：SPECT的检出率,准确率,敏感度,阴性预测值显著高于MRI（P＜0．05）,其特异度显著低于MRI（P＜0．05）,SPECT的检出率,准确度,特异度,敏感度,阳性及阴性预测值与EEG比较,均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,结论：SPECT检查在癫痫定位中优于MRI,其对单一癫痫灶的检出亦优于EEG。     

氦氖激光对小鼠小脑信息传递物质一氧化氮及环磷酸鸟苷含量的影响

目的：研究低功率氦氖激光对小鼠小脑信息传递物质的影响。方法：采用雄性BALB／C小鼠,随机分为对照组,辐射后即刻组、1h组、2h组,注入氮氖合酶（NOS）抑制剂的辐射后即刻组、副射后1h组,用波长632．8nm、功率密度5mW/cm^2连续氦氖激光每天局部辐射1次,每次1h,连续5d。对照辐射功率密度为0。结果：辐射组分别于辐射后即刻、1h小脑组织中一氧化氮（NO）代谢产物亚硝酸根（NO2^-)及环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP)含量均升高（P＜0．01）,辐射2h二者均降至正常,此增高效应可同时被NOS抑制剂阻断。结论：低功率氦氖激光可使小鼠小脑NO代谢产物NO2^-及cGMP含量短暂性升高,在氦氖激光辐射产生的生物学效应中涉及NO／cGMP信息传递机制。     

Clinical significance of magnetic resonance imaging of bone marrow in patients with leukemia

Acute leukemia is a clonal malignancy ofhematopoietic tissue characterized by proliferation ofabnormalblastcellsin the bone marrow and impairedproduction of normal blood cells.Magnetic resonanceimaging( MRI) isuseful in characterizing normal andabnormal bone marrow ( BM) because of its ability todistinguish fatfrom denser,more cellulartissuessuchas leukemia.MRIalso presentsa more global view ofthe BM than biopsy materials and,therefore,mayprovide a better understanding of diffuse hematopoi-…     

疝环充填式无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝

目的：总结应用疝环充填式无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝的临床经验。方法：采用美国巴德公司的疝环充填物及网状补片,对28例腹股沟疝进行无张力疝修补术。结果：与传统疝修补术相比,疝环充填式无张力疝修补术具有创伤小,术后疼痛轻、恢复快等优点。全组28例病人随访2－14个月,未见复发。结论：疝环充填式无张力疝修补术具有操作简便,创伤小、恢复快、复发率低等优点,是一项更符合人体解剖结构的良好手术方法。     

尿液结合性胆红素的纯化

OBJECTIVES: To develop a simple, practical method with fine yield and purity for separating conjugated bilirubin(Bc) from a sustainable and facile material in order that it could serve as a calibrator for total and direct bilirubin determination. METHODS: Isolating Bc from urine of patients with obstructive jaundice by CHCl3: CH3CH2OH(1:1, V/V) followed by CNBr activated Sepharose 4B-HAS affinity chromatography, we analyzed the products by the use of Doumas J-G diazo method and HPLC, respectively. RESULTS: Determined by J-G diazo method, the crude product extracted by CHCl3: CH3CH2OH(1:1, V/V) yields 90.2 +/- 5.4%(n = 3) of urine Bc, the ratio of Bc to total dry weight being 67.9 +/- 6.4%(n = 3). The final product purified by affinity chromatography with the ratio of separation of 1.5, 1.737 and analyzed by HPLC has the yield of 46.9% and purity of 94.7%(BDG of 76.2%, BMG of 18.5%). CONCLUSION: The above data demonstrate that urine conjugated bilirubin can be successfully purified by CHCl3: CH3CH2OH extraction followed by Sephrose-HSA affinity chromatography with sufficient purity and output.     

尿液结合性胆红素的纯化

目的　探索一种来源方便 ,具有延续性 ,利于胆红素测定校准物或质控物制备 ,且方法简便、实用、产率和纯度可靠的结合性胆红素 (Bc)纯化方法。方法　应用 CHCl3 ∶ CH3 CH2 OH(1∶ 1,V/V)萃取与 CNBractivated Sepharose4B- HSA亲和层析相结合的方法对胆道梗阻性高胆红素尿液进行分离纯化 ,并以 Doum as J- G法和 HPL C分析产品。结果　由 CHCl3 ∶ CH3 CH2 OH(1∶ 1,V/V)萃取所得的粗纯品经 J- G法检测产率为 90 .2±5 .4% (n=3) ,胆红素含量占总干重的 6 7.9± 6 .4% (n=3)。亲和层析的洗脱峰间的分离度为 1.5、1.737。层析后再萃取所得精纯品经 HPL C分析 ,产率为 46 .9% ,纯度 94.7% ,其中 BDG76 .2 % ,BMG18.5 %。结论　采用有机物萃取和 CNBr activated Sepharose4B- HSA亲和层析相结合的方法纯化结合性胆红素 (BMG& BDG)具有很好的可靠性和可行性     

8例大血管手术围手术期麻醉处理体会

大血管手术一般都有较大难度 ,围手术期一般都要求控制性降压、降温等特殊措施 ,有较特殊的血流动力学改变 ,因此对麻醉的要求较高 ,围手术期有其较特殊的处理方法 ,作者近期成功完成 8例大血管手术的麻醉 ,现将体会报告如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　大血管手术 8例 ,男 5例 ,女 3例 ,年龄 40～ 6 8岁 ,平均 5 6岁。其中腹主动脉瘤切除、人工血管植入术4例 ,降主动脉假性巨大动脉瘤切除术 2例 ,肾癌根治、下腔静脉巨大癌栓取出术 2例 ,手术历时 2 6 0～ 6 5 0ｍｉｎ ,平均 380ｍｉｎ ,术中失血 3 5 0 0～ 92 0 0ｍｌ,平均 480 0ｍｌ。输…