吴崑《针方六集》学术思想探析

目的:探析新安医家吴崑《针方六集》学术思想.方法:采用文献研究的方法对《针方六集》中的神照集、开蒙集、尊经集、旁通集、纷署集、兼罗集进行分析.结果:神照集考证了十二正经和奇经八脉的循行以及这些经脉上腧穴的定位,并记载了《针灸甲乙经》《铜人腧穴针灸图经》《标幽赋》等刺灸法.开蒙集对窦汉卿《标幽赋》进行全新的注解,并阐述八法针方、子午流注以及十二经脉补母泻子法.其中对《标幽赋》的注释体现了吴崑独特的针灸学术思想.吴崑触类旁通,通过药理来阐释针理,以达到“以药明针”之效.《针方六集》对诸多针灸医籍都进行了评议,并取长补短.其中富有代表性的就是修订《金针赋》.在兼罗集中,吴崑还详加介绍了治疗骨蒸劳热,可灸患门四花六穴,并详细记载了具体的取穴方法;以及《千金方》取膏肓腧穴法和隔蒜灸痈毒法.结论:《针方六集》是吴崑在针灸学术方面的重要贡献,具有很高的文献价值和临床意义.     

高糖降低内皮细胞ABCG1表达与内皮细胞损伤相关

目的探讨ABCG1在高糖促进内皮细胞功能损伤中的作用。方法不同浓度D-葡萄糖(5.6 mmol/L和30 mmol/L)干预血管内皮细胞24~72 h,Real time PCR及Western blotting检测葡萄糖对血管内皮细胞ABCG1 mRNA和蛋白水平的影响,液体闪烁仪分析细胞内胆固醇流出率,并测量葡萄糖干预后内皮细胞NOS活性;使用LXR内源性激活剂22(R)-hydroxycholesterol预先干预内皮细胞2 h,再予不同浓度葡萄糖干预48 h,观察血管内皮细胞ABCG1表达、功能及内皮细胞NOS活性的改变。结果高糖时间依赖性地抑制血管内皮细胞ABCG1mRNA和蛋白水平的表达,同时降低细胞内胆固醇向HDL流出,高糖也降低了内皮细胞eNOS活性。使用22(R)-hydroxycholesterol逆转高糖对ABCG1表达的抑制后,细胞内胆固醇流出率增加,高糖对内皮细胞eNOS活性的抑制也被部分逆转。结论高糖损伤内皮细胞功能的机制可能与高糖降低内皮细胞ABCG1表达相关。     

Subtleties of biomineralisation revealed by manipulation of the eggshell membrane

Biocalcification of collagen matrices with calcium phosphate and biosilicification of diatom frustules with amorphous silica are two discrete processes that have intrigued biologists and materials scientists for decades. Recent advancements in the understanding of the mechanisms involved in these two biomineralisation processes have resulted in the use of biomimetic strategies to replicate these processes separately using polyanionic, polycationic or zwitterionic analogues of extracellular matrix proteins to stabilise amorphous mineral precursor phases. To date, there is a lack of a universal model that enables the subtleties of these two apparently dissimilar biomineralisation processes to be studied together. Here, we utilise the eggshell membrane as a universal model for differential biomimetic calcification and silicification. By manipulating the eggshell membrane to render it permeable to stabilised mineral precursors, it is possible to introduce nanostructured calcium phosphate or silica into eggshell membrane fibre cores or mantles. We provide a model for infiltrating the two compartmental niches of a biopolymer membrane with different intrafibre minerals to obtain materials with potentially improved structure-property relationships.     

Studies on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of bifendate nanosuspensions for intravenous delivery

It is reported that the nanosuspension is one of the promising formulations for poorly water-soluble drugs. In order to enhance the in?vitro and in?vivo behaviours of DDB (bifendate), DDB-NSP (DDB nanosuspensions) have been produced by the precipitation-combined micro?uidization method. The optimized DDB-NSP were transformed into dry powders by freeze-drying and then investigated by transmission electron microscopy, laser diffraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. Next, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of DDB-NSP and DDB-Sol (DDB solution) were carried out. XRD experiments manifested that the crystalline state of DDB was preserved after the size reduction process. An accelerated dissolution velocity and increased saturation solubility could be shown for the DDB-NSP. Compared with DDB-Sol, DDB-NSP exhibited a markedly different pharmacokinetic property with a 17.18-fold increase in AUC(0-∞). Meanwhile, the tissue distribution demonstrated that DDB-NSP were mainly uptaken by RES organs particularly by liver. These results supported the fact that nanosuspension, as a promising intravenous drug-delivery system for DDB, could be developed as an alternative to the conventional DDB preparations.     

谈《中医儿科学》教学体会

从培养学生对中医儿科学的兴趣、中西医内容的有机结合、多媒体教学与板书教学相结合、比较归纳总结等方面,探讨中医儿科学教学内容、教学方法、教学手段的改革,以提高教学质量,为培养现代中医师打下坚实的基础。     

The discovery of novel β-secretase inhibitors: pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, and docking studies

This article describes the identification of two small molecular inhibitors for β-secretase by integrating virtual screening with fluorescence resonance energy transfer bioassay. A ligand-based pharmacophore model was developed, and the sequential virtual screening of ZINC database was performed using the acquired pharmacophore model and molecular docking. Biological evaluation of 10 virtual hits led to the identification of two novel inhibitors with IC(50) values of 4.76 and 0.31 μm, respectively. These two moderate inhibitors could represent new potentials for the development of anti-Alzheimer's disease agents.     

调神疏肝针刺法对脑卒中后抑郁的干预作用

目的探讨调神疏肝针刺法对脑卒中后抑郁的干预效果。方法将60例脑卒中后抑郁患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组予以盐酸氟西汀口服治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加以调神疏肝针刺法治疗。结果治疗组总有效率为86.67%,对照组总有效率为63.33%,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组HAMD评分、MESSS评分及Barthel指数评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论调神疏肝针刺法能改善脑卒中后抑郁患者的抑郁状态,改善神经功能和生活能力。     

Does neurotrophic factor benefit to PD therapy via co-function with ubiquitin–proteasome system?

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose core symptoms are tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Currently available treatment of PD is mainly based on dopamine replacement strategy to provide relief of motor symptoms, but cannot halt or reverse the degenerative processes of disease. Considerable in vitro and in vivo studies have found that neurotrophic factor (NTF) has neuroprotective or even neurorestorative properties on dopaminergic (DA) system, promoting them become promising candidates for the treatment of PD. However, the precise mechanism of NTF’s effect in PD remains to be elucidated. Though the etiopathogenesis of PD has remained elusive, recently, compelling evidence has converged to suggest that failure of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) to degrade unwanted proteins may underlie nigralstrital degeneration and Lewy body (LB) formation which occurs in PD. In support of this, proteasome inhibitor has been successfully induced a PD modal both in vivo and in vitro. Many NTFs have been proved to posses definitely a therapy effect in a PD animal modal. Whether NTF can co-function with UPS that accomplishes the aim to protect and reserve dopaminergic neurons’ function from neurotoxicity injury induced by proteasome inhibitor? If this hypothesis could be confirmed, it will represent a valuable advancement in the study of PD. Moreover, investigation of the functional link between UPS and NTF should also provide useful information for understanding the pathogenesis of PD.