甲襞、球结膜微循环的应急观测方法

甲襞、球结膜微循环的应急观测方法是在甲襞、球结膜微循环加权积分综合定量评价方法的基础上，保留权值为４、３的指标，同时观察血管清晰度和红细胞聚集二项指标而形成。同时提供其应急观测积分表、异常分度积分值、诊断标准，并与常规方法进行比较，证明其可以反映绝大部分流态类指标和大部分形态类指标及重要的袢周改变，没有丢失微循环重度异常的信息，保证了重度异常诊断的正确。但在大致正常、轻度异常和中度异常的诊断中应急方法部有判重的倾向，说明应急方法漏掉了一些信息，不能全面地了解微循环的改变，造成了判重的倾向。因此应急方法不能代替常规方法，只能在特定条件下应用。     

围产期母亲和胎儿心动周期信号分析

同时分析围产期胎儿和孕妇心动周期信号的数字特征(混沌和谱特征)以评价自主神经系统功能。用可视化程序设计的方法实现提取和分析围产期母亲和胎儿心动周期信号。受试者取仰卧位，心电信号从置于腹壁下部耻骨联合导联获得。胎儿心电信号用小波分解进行信号预处理。采用本实验室已经完成开发的技术实现心动周期信号数字特征的分析。该系统可以评价胎儿和孕妇的自主神经系统功能，特别是分别定量评价交感和副交感神经系统功能；该系统还可用以预测胎儿窘迫。胎儿和其它年龄段的心动周期信号数字特征随年龄的变化提示了自主神经系统的发育、成熟和衰老的生理过程，基于这一点我们可以寻找抗衰老的方法；胎儿的心动周期信号数字特征介于新生儿和成人之间，提示胎儿的自主神经系统的调节可能受母体神经内分泌系统的影响。     

重点理工科高校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素的研究

目的探讨重点理工科学校大一新生焦虑状况及相关因素,为进行针对性的干预提供依据。方法以广东某重点理工高校2007级的大一学生为研究对象,采用自行设计一般项目调查表、状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）、应付方式问卷进行测评。结果测查学生不论男女状态焦虑、特质焦虑分均显著高于地方常模;19.29%的学生睡眠质量较差;高状态焦虑组和高特质焦虑组解决问题、求助应付因子分均显著低于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组,而自责、幻想、退避应付因子分则显著高于低状态焦虑组和低特质焦虑组;多元逐步回归分析说明,学生如常采用解决问题应付方式,在一定程度上可避免焦虑的产生,而睡眠质量差、采用自责应对方式则可加重焦虑水平。结论采取有效的认知应对策略其意义是使学生改变应激源,以使其变得威胁较小或变成挑战,把情绪基调训练成兴奋、期待和征服。     

标准位X线片上胸腰椎椎弓根轴线的放射学研究

目的:研究标准正位X线片上T9～L5椎弓根轴线的放射学表现。方法:10具T9～L5脊柱标本,解剖成单个椎体。直视下沿椎弓根轴线置入导针。测量分析下列数据:标准侧位X线片显示导针达到椎体后壁及椎弓根中段时,标准正位X线片导针在椎弓根投影内的距离与椎弓根投影最大横径的百分比。另选4具T9～L5脊柱标本,根据上述数据,X线分步监测椎弓根螺钉植入。结果:标准正位X线片导针位于椎弓根中段时的百分比为(49.16±1.84)%～(51.83±2.53)%,各节段及左右侧椎弓根差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);导针位于椎体后壁时的百分比为(61.13±6.09)%～(74.68±6.13)%,左右椎弓根之间、T10￣T12之间、T9与L1￣L5之间差异分别无统计学意义(P>0.05),T10￣12与T9、L1￣5差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。植入72枚螺钉,68枚位于椎弓根中心,4枚穿破椎弓根,穿破率5.56%。结论:标准正位X线片导针在椎弓根投影内的比值能间接表达椎弓根轴线,可为经椎弓根手术确定正确的进针轨道提供一种参考。     

Complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Parapneumonic effusion and empyema are recognized complications of bacterial pneumonia. Optimal management in children, especially the duration of parenteral antibiotics and the role of surgery, is controversial. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, management, outcome, and bacterial etiology of 59 patients with complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema treated at a single medical center in Kaohsiung from January 1995 to March 2004. METHODS: The diagnosis of complicated parapneumonic effusion was based on the specific characteristics of pleural fluid, computed tomography or ultrasound findings, or direct visualization of loculations during the surgical procedure. RESULTS: Causative agents were culture-confirmed in 42% of the cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the leading pathogen in this series (20% of cases). None of the S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to penicillin. Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for 19% of cases based on immunoglobulin M assay. CONCLUSIONS: An initial combination therapy regimen consisting of cefotaxime or ceftriaxone plus macrolide provided reasonable activity against 80% of the pathogens isolated in this series. This study also revealed that prolonged parenteral antibiotic treatment resulted in longer length of hospital stay.     

樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山莨菪碱对急性肾衰大鼠肾微血管损伤的保护作用

目的 :研究急性肾衰时肾微血管的损伤及樟柳碱、东莨菪碱、山菪莨碱对这些损伤的影响。方法 :采用左肾动脉注射油酸的方法建立大鼠急性肾衰模型 ,采用电镜、光镜及TTC显色观察大鼠急性肾衰不同时期肾微血管超微结构、肾组织结构及TTC显色的改变。结果 :左肾动脉注射油酸后 1 0min ,肾小球毛细血管内皮细胞坏死 ;肾小球毛细血管不同程度充血肿胀 ,在皮质与髓质交界区 ,可见小血管内充满大量红细胞 ;TTC显色呈鲜红色。注射油酸后 6h和 2 4h上述损伤加重 ,TTC显然出现典型的不显色苍白区。三种莨菪药物不同程度减轻了急性肾衰时肾微血管损伤 ,改善了肾组织缺血 ,减少了肾小管上皮细胞坏死数。结论 :急性肾衰时很早即出现肾微血管的损伤 ,三种莨菪药对急性肾衰时肾微血管和组织结构的损伤均有保护作用。     

A tetracycline-regulatable adeno-associated virus vector for double-gene transfer

An increasing demand for polycistronic vectors that express multiple genes simultaneously has arisen in recent years to obtain an efficient gene therapy. Armed with the knowledge that the expression of transgene in mammalian cells often requires tight control, we constructed in this study a tetracycline-regulated double-gene adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector carrying green and red fluorescent protein genes and expressed it in PC12 cells. When detected by fluorescence microscope and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, gene expression was induced by 44-66-fold and could be reversibly controlled by doxycycline. This double-gene AAV vector may be useful for regulated expression of two genes or a marker to monitor transgene expression.     

Morphological brain changes associated with Schneider's first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia: a MRI study

BACKGROUND: Schneider's first-rank symptoms involve an alienated feature of the sense of one's own mental or physical activity. To clarify the brain morphological basis for the production of these symptoms, volumes of the frontal and medial temporal regions and their clinical correlates were examined in patients with schizophrenia. METHOD: Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 44 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were included. All patients were in their psychotic episodes with definite Schneiderian symptoms, rated by using the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Volumetric measurements of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were performed in the prefrontal area, cingulate gyrus, and precentral gyrus, and the medial temporal structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus. RESULTS: Patients had significantly decreased volumes in the cingulate gray matter and the amygdala compared to controls. In the patient group, Schneiderian symptom severity showed significant inverse correlations with volumes of the right posterior cingulate gray matter and of the left anterior parahippocampal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Schneiderian symptoms may be associated with morphological abnormalities in the limbic-paralimbic regions such as the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, which possibly serve the self-monitoring function and the coherent storage and reactivation of information.     

Intermediate filament expression by normal and diseased human corneal epithelium

Cicatricial conjunctivitis may be a sequel to systemic disorders (eg, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, cicatricial pemphigoid) or local disorders such as chemical burns. The cicatrisation is often associated with corneal epithelial changes that cause visual loss. These have been attributed to encroachment of the conjunctival epithelium over the cornea. However, the epithelial anomalies are poorly understood. We investigated the corneal epithelial changes in cicatricial conjunctivitis with an immunohistochemical study of intermediate filaments in normal and pathological specimens. Our results show that the normal corneal epithelium is immunoreactive for cytokeratin 3 (CK 3) but not cytokeratin 19 (CK 19), whereas normal conjunctival epithelium is CK 3 negative and CK 19 positive. Conjunctiva artificially transposed over the cornea (after therapeutic conjunctival flap reconstruction) retained the normal pattern of conjunctival cytokeratin expression (CK 3 negative, CK 19 positive). Conversely, the entire corneal epithelium exhibited the normal cytokeratin pattern (CK 3 positive, CK 19 negative) in 82% of Stevens-Johnson, 80% of cicatricial pemphigoid, and 69% of chemical burns specimens. The findings suggest that conjunctival encroachment is not responsible for the changes at the corneal surface in cicatricial conjunctivitis and that the abnormal corneal epithelium is derived from native corneal cells in these diseases.