足筋膜间隙综合征相关肌肉磁刺激运动诱发电位的临床研究

目的:探讨足筋膜间隙综合征患者相关肌肉的磁刺激运动诱发电位(MEP)的特征及其临床意义.方法:对21例确诊为单侧足筋膜间隙综合征患者,在双侧腘窝上缘用磁刺激坐骨神经,同心圆针电极插入双侧足部各筋膜间隙内相应的肌肉中,记录各自MEP的潜伏期及波幅变化,并计算其比值,分析该比值与足筋膜间隙综合征发生的相关性.结果:正常足部各筋膜间隙内相应的肌肉磁刺激MEP先正后负,潜伏期相对恒定,但波幅不够稳定;当间隙内压大于30mmHg时,间隙内相应肌肉MEP潜伏期明显延长,为健侧的(1.9l±0.23)倍.统计学分析显示,筋膜间隙综合征的发生与磁刺激MEP波幅比值降低之间无相关性(P＞0.05),而与相应肌肉MEP潜伏期比值的变化之间存在着明显相关性(P＜0.01).结论:磁刺激MEP作为诊断足筋膜间隙综合征的客观指标具有重要的价值.     

Large duplication in LMBR1 gene in a large Chinese pedigree with triphalangeal thumb polysyndactyly syndrome

Polydactyly and syndactyly are digital abnormalities in limb‐associated birth defects usually caused by genetic disorders. In this study, a five‐generation Chinese pedigree was found with triphalangeal thumb polysyndactyly syndrome (TPTPS), showing an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. We utilized linkage analysis and whole genome sequencing (WGS) for the genetic diagnosis of this pedigree. Linkage analysis was performed using a genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip and three genomic regions were identified in chromosomes 2, 6, and 7 with significant linkage signals. WGS discovered a copy number variation (CNV) mutation caused by a large duplication region at the tail of chromosome 7 located in exons 1–5 of the LMBR1 gene, including the zone of polarizing activity regulatory sequence (ZRS), with a length of approximately 180 kb. A real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay confirmed the duplication. The findings of our study supported the notion that large duplications including the ZRS caused TPTPS. Our study showed that linkage analysis in combination with WGS could successfully identify the disease locus and causative mutation in TPTPS, which could help elucidate the molecular mechanisms and genotype–phenotype correlations in polydactyly.     

物理学在医学影像中的应用

物理学对医学的贡献是巨大的，物理学与医学等学科的交叉碰撞在医学领域中产生了许多丰硕成果，现代的医学影像就是其中的成果之一。本文阐述了物理学在现代四大医学影像中的应用。     

喉癌细胞中S100A8新的相互作用蛋白质的鉴定

目的探索S100A8相互作用蛋白在喉癌发生、发展中的可能机制。方法应用抗S100A8抗体通过免疫沉淀的方法从喉癌细胞系Hep-2中分离与S100A8相互作用的蛋白质。用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱仪分析目的蛋白条带。根据这些目的蛋白条带的肽指纹谱,用Mascot软件预测其相应的蛋白质。用P-Match软件预测这些蛋白质的NF-kappa B结合位点。用免疫共沉淀方法证实其中一个蛋白质与S100A8相互结合的能力。结果获得了4种与S100A8相互作用的新的蛋白质,它们分别是假想蛋白质LOC80154（hypothetical protein LOC80154）、MHCclass Ⅰ HLA-B、T-box1异构体C相似蛋白质（similar to T-box1 isoformC）和肌纤维膜相关蛋白1（sarcolemmal associated protein 1）。这4种蛋白质均具有NF-kappa B的结合位点,其中MHCclass Ⅰ HLA-B是NF-kappa B通路中的一个成员,我们首次证实该蛋白质具有结合S100A8的能力。结论本研究获得的S100A8新的伴侣可能是NF-kappa B通路的成员。MHCclass Ⅰ HLA-B与S100A8的结合提示S100A8可能作为新成员与包括HLA-B在内的其他蛋白质在NF-kappa B通路中发挥作用。这些发现为进一步研究S100A8在喉癌发生中的分子机制提供了新线索。     

综合ICU中低年资护士培训方法探讨

目的探讨为综合ICU培养合格的护理人员的方法。方法根据ICU护士应具备的素质及低年资护士的特点,采用定期集中培训、一对一带教、参加护理查房等方法,对基础理论和基本技能进行强化,重点加强了ICU专科护理知识地训练。结果通过客观考核和主观考核,效果良好。结论经过为期12个月两个时段较规范的岗位培训,低年资护士能较好的适应ICU工作。     

Myoblasts fail to stimulate T cells but induce tolerance

Recent interest in myoblast transfer and in the use of myoblastsas vehicles in gene therapy has made it important to understandthe potential immunogenicity of allogeneic or neoantlgen-expresslngmyoblasts. Given the problems of producing a pure populationof myoblasts, In this study we used a tumour-derived musclecell line (TE671), with phenotyplc features of myoblasts, whichwe transfected to express HLA-DR1. However, this cell line wasunable to stimulate either established HLA-DR1-specific alloreactlveT cell clones or a primary alloresponse. Nor could it presenthaemagglutlnln peptide HA 306–324 to DR1-restricted, HA306–324-speciflc T cell clones or lines. Indeed, prelncubatlonwith DR1-expressing TE671 and HA 306–324 rendered suchT cells tolerant as Judged by their subsequent inability toproliferate in response to a DR1⁺ B cell line plus peptide HA306–324. These results imply that myoblasts do not providecostlmulatory signals, and are therefore unlikely to stimulateallospeclfic T cells following myoblasts transplantation orto initiate neoantlgen-speclfic immune responses following Invivo transfection.     

医学信息学的研究领域及人才培养

医学信息学(MedicalInformatics,又称医药信息学)是计算机科学、信息科学与医学科学结合,新近形成的前沿多学科交叉的科学,它以信息论、系统论、计算机科学技术为理论基础,几乎全方位地涉及所有的医药卫生领域,已成为现代和未来生物医学发展的基石。目前,医学信息学应用的领域,面临人才短缺的现象,本文论述了在生物医学工程学科中,建立医学信息本科专业方向,通过相关课程体系的设置,培养符合社会需要的医学信息人才。     

Extracellular matrix activity and caveolae events contribute to cell surface receptor activation that leads to MAP kinase activation in response to UV irradiation in cultured human keratinocytes

Activation of cell surface components has been implicated in the activation of downstream signaling cascade in response to UV irradiation, and yet the identity and the interaction of those components have been scantly documented. Accumulating evidence indicates that caveolae encapsulating caveolins is the location for those interactions. We found in cultured human keratinocytes that UV irradiation induced both caveolin-1 and EGFR phosphorylation. Filipin, a caveolae disruptive agent, inhibited UV-induced caveolin-1 activation. Na+-K+-ATPase catalyzes active transport of Na+ and K+ across plasma membrane of mammalian cells, inactivation of which has recently been shown to be involved in the activation of signal transduction pathways including MAP kinase cascade. We found in this study that UV inactivated Na+-K+-ATPase in time-dependent manner, Na+-K+-ATPase activity started to decrease 5 min post UV irradiation and reduced to 60% of its original activity within 1 h. Pretreatment with Flipin and MMP inhibitor recovered Na+-K+-ATPase activity lost by UV irradiation. ECIS analysis indicated that both EGF treatment and UV irradiation increased membrane electric activity which was inhibited by MMP inhibitor and Filipin. Further study showed that pretreatment of human keratinocytes with MMP inhibitor or Filipin inhibited UV-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK, which was however not observed in LnCap cells, a prostate cancer cell line lacking caveolin-1. UV irradiation also induced ectodomain shedding of HB-EGF in a time-dependent manner in keratinocytes. Collectively, we conclude that UV-induced MAP kinase activation is mediated by cell surface receptor activation due to the matrix activity and membrane caveolae function and inactivation of Na+-K+-ATPase.     

Concurrent infection with an intestinal helminth parasite impairs host resistance to enteric Citrobacter rodentium and enhances Citrobacter-induced colitis in mice

Infections with intestinal helminth and bacterial pathogens, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, continue to be a major global health threat for children. To test the hypothesis that intestinal helminth infection may be a risk factor for enteric bacterial infection, a murine model was established by using the intestinal helminth Heligomosomoides polygyrus. To analyze the modulatory effect of a Th2-inducing helminth on the outcome of enteric bacterium Citrobacter rodentium infection, BALB/c and STAT 6 knockout (KO) mice were infected with H. polygyrus, C. rodentium, or both. We found that only BALB/c mice coinfected with H. polygyrus and C. rodentium displayed a marked morbidity and mortality. The enhanced susceptibility to C. rodentium and intestinal injury of coinfected BALB/c mice were shown to be associated with a significant increase in helminth-driven Th2 responses, mucosally and systemically, and correlated with a significant downregulation of protective gamma interferon and with a dramatic upregulation of the proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha response. In addition, C. rodentium-associated colonic pathology in coinfected BALB/c mice was significantly enhanced, whereas bacterial burden was increased and clearance was delayed. In contrast, coinfection in STAT 6 KO mice failed to promote C. rodentium infection or to induce a more severe intestinal inflammation and tissue injury, demonstrating a mechanism by which helminth influences the development of host protective immunity and susceptibility to bacterial infections. We conclude that H. polygyrus coinfection can promote C. rodentium-associated disease and colitis through a STAT 6-mediated immune mechanism.