吻合器痔上粘膜环切术对肛肠动力学影响的临床研究

目的：比较吻合器痔上粘膜环切术（PPH手术）与传统痔外剥内扎术对肛门直肠动力学影响的差异。方法：采用瑞典生产的肛肠测压仪测量PPH术和传统常规手术术前及术后3月患者的肛管静息压（RASP）、肛管收缩压（MASP）、直肠感知阈值（RSTV）、直肠最大容量阈值（RMTV）的变化，切除标本送病理检查，观察有无肌肉组织和痔组织。结果：PPH术后肛管RASP较术前明显降低（P〈0．01），肛管MASP、直肠RSTV、直肠RMTV较术前有轻微降低但无显著性差异（P〉0．05），肛管RASP在PPH手术组恢复至正常水平，而在传统手术组肛管MASP、直肠RSTV、直肠RMTV较术前和正常值均有显著性降低。病理检查切除标本中无肌肉组织，仅含少量痔组织。结论：PPH手术使重度痔患者的肛管高压明显改变，使肛垫得到保护，而对直肠功能影响较小，使直肠功能得到最大保护。     

Nutrition labels and claims in New Zealand and Australia: a review of use and understanding

Objective: To determine how well consumers use and understand nutrition labels and claims in New Zealand and Australia. Method: A review was undertaken of the literature on nutrition labelling in New Zealand and Australia published up to the end of July 2005. Major electronic databases were searched for appropriate literature and research, as were the bibliographies of relevant publications and pertinent websites. Studies that focused on health claims were excluded. Results: Sixteen papers were suitable for inclusion in the review. All but one study evaluated self‐reported use and understanding of nutrition labels. The single study that evaluated actual (observed) use of labels while shopping found frequency to be much lower than would be expected based on self‐reported data. While self‐reported understanding of nutrition labels was common, actual (evaluated) understanding appeared moderate at best. Conclusions: Self‐reported use of nutrition labels and claims is common in New Zealand and Australia, but actual use and understanding appears limited. Nutrition labels present an opportunity to improve consumer food choice at point of purchase, but their potential value is limited by apparent lack of consumer understanding. Implications: Nutrition labels are an important part of a supportive environment that empowers people to make healthy food choices. Improving their ease of use and understanding has the potential to promote healthier food choices.     

人乳头瘤病毒流行病学研究进展

据世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构（WHO／IARC）报道，全世界近五分之一的癌症和感染因子有关，其中人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）与子宫颈癌的关联最为密切。95％以上的子宫颈癌病变中都可以检测到HPV。因此，HPV感染已被确认为子宫颈癌发生的必需因素。[第一段]     

湖沼地区预测钉螺数量的模型研究

目的探讨并建立湖沼地区钉螺数量的预测模型,为钉螺的定量化研究提供方法学依据。方法在安徽省贵池区秋浦河沿岸随机数字表法随机选择滩地作为研究现场,根据植被类型分层随机抽样,以交叉复核随机抽检法（随机数字表法）调查钉螺,分别用差分GPS仪、T＆D Recorder for Windows、卷尺及烘干称重法收集高程、土壤温度（简称土温）和气温、植被高度、土壤湿度（简称土湿）和植被类型6个环境变量信息。对数据进行预处理,通过偏差量和Akaike信息准则比较不同误差分布和连接函数组合的广义线性模型,确定最佳模型结构,建立并验证预测模型效果。结果建模样本量为162框,变量之间存在着复杂的相关性,钉螺数与植被高度呈正相关（r=0．36）,与土湿呈负相关（r=-0.22）,气温与土温呈正相关（r=0．59）,土温与植被高度呈负相关（r=-0．36）,土湿与土温和气温均呈负相关（r=-0.34和-0．12）。广义线性模型的最佳结构是以gamma分布为误差分布、倒数为连接函数和均数平方为方差函数的模型结构。模型拟合结果显示高程、土湿、土温、植被类型和植被高度对于预测钉螺的数量有统计学意义,t值分别为-3．202,3．124,-1．989,2．668和-2．371,P值分别为0．00166,0．00214,0．04849,0．00846和0．01897,而气温的作用被土温取代没有进入模型。结论广义线性模型可用于建立钉螺的预测模型,为钉螺的定量化研究提供了广阔的研究前景。     

中老年人膳食和体液免疫水平的调查

作者调查了１６１例（男：９８，女：６３）中老年人的营养素摄入量、血浆蛋白及体液免疫水平。结果：该人群的大部分人热能的摄入量达ＲＤＡ值；膳食蛋白质、维生素Ａ、Ｂ２、Ｃ、锌和铁的摄入量较低；脂肪摄入量按热能比高于３０％者约占３０％；血浆总蛋白、球蛋白水平较低，尤其是女性；免疫球蛋白ＩｇＡ偏低，ＩｇＧ和ＩｇＭ偏高。     

飞利浦电子显微镜控制电路原理及常见故障排除

介绍了飞利浦电子显微镜电路结构各功能块的基本原理,并根据实践分析了电镜常见的故障原因及排除过程。     

慢性非传染性疾病综合防治的进展

现阶段我国慢性非传染性疾病发病率、死亡率逐渐增高,日益成为威胁人民健康的主要疾病,自"七.五"期间在北京、上海、天津等省市开展以心血管疾病、脑卒中为主的综合防治干预研究以来,防控工作取得了较好的社会效果,而且有效提高了社区人群的健康知识水平,改善了不良生活方式.阐述了近10 a慢性非传染性疾病综合防治方面的进展情况.     

International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire (NZPAQ): A doubly labelled water validation

Background  

Accurate measurement of physical activity is a pre-requisite for monitoring population health and for evaluating effective interventions. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used as a comparable and standardised self-report measure of habitual physical activity of populations from different countries and socio-cultural contexts. The IPAQ has been modified to produce a New Zealand physical activity questionnaire (NZPAQ). The aim of this study was to validate the IPAQ and NZPAQ against doubly labelled water (DLW). Method: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over a 15-day period using DLW. Activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) was estimated by subtracting the energy expenditure from resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of feeding from TEE. The IPAQ (long form) and NZPAQ (short form) were completed at the end of each 7-day period. Activity-related energy expenditure (IPAQ_AEE and NZPAQ_AEE) was calculated from each questionnaire and compared to DLW_AEE.     

血小板蛋白激酶C在脑梗塞中致病作用的研究

目的：研究血小板蛋白激酶Ｃ（ＰＫＣ）在脑梗塞中的活性,以揭示ＰＫＣ的致病机理。方法：利用３２Ｐ－ＮａＨ２ＰＯ４标记血小板,以ＰＫＣ的４０ｋｄ、２０ｋｄ底物的磷酸化作为酶激活的标志,对脑梗塞组及正常对照组ＰＫＣ的基础活性及反应活性经ｔ检验进行分析比较。结果：ＰＫＣ的基础活性及经凝血酶刺激后的反应活性均较对照组显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：脑梗塞中血小板ＰＫＣ的异常活化及高反应性在血小板血栓形成中起重要作用。     

强直性肌营养不良基因CTG重复数与SEP、MEP对比分析

目的：探讨强直性肌营养不良(DM)患者及其家系成员基因CTG重复数的变化与体感诱发电位(SEP)、经颅刺激运动诱发电位(MEP)的比较。方法：用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增及DNA杂交法对5例临床诊断DM患者及其中3个家系16名成员进行DM基因CTG重复数和SEP、MEP测定。结果：10名正常人CTG重复数19-30个,SEP、 MEP正常5例。 DM患者CTG重复数均在80个以上,其中2例在1 605个以上,明显高于正常人;16名家系成员中除4例正常,余12例CTG重复数均超过正常基因。CTG重复数与临床症状、SEP、MEP有关。结论：DM基因诊断与其临床诊断、SEP、MEP相一致。