Empathic accuracy and cognition in schizotypal personality disorder

Interpersonal dysfunction contributes to significant disability in the schizophrenia spectrum. Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD) is a schizophrenia-related personality demonstrating social cognitive impairment in the absence of frank psychosis. Past research indicates that cognitive dysfunction or schizotypy may account for social cognitive dysfunction in this population. We tested SPD subjects and healthy controls on the Empathic Accuracy (EA) paradigm and the Reading of the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), assessing the impact of EA on social support. We also explored whether EA differences could be explained by intelligence, working memory, trait empathy, or attachment avoidance. SPD subjects did not differ from controls in RMET, but demonstrated lower EA during negative valence videos, associated with lower social support. Dynamic, multimodal EA paradigms may be more effective at capturing interpersonal dysfunction than static image tasks such as RMET. Schizotypal severity, trait empathy, and cognitive dysfunction did not account for empathic dysfunction in SPD, although attachment avoidance is related to empathic differences. Empathic dysfunction for negative affect contributes to decreased social support in the schizophrenia spectrum. Future research may shed further light on potential links between attachment avoidance, empathic dysfunction, and social support.     

联合应用氯沙坦和氨氯地平治疗单纯收缩期高血压的疗效

目的观察氨氯地平单用或与氯沙坦联合应用治疗单纯收缩期高血压的疗效及其对靶器官的保护作用。方法将60例中老年原发性高血压病患者随机分为氨氯地平组（A组）和氨氯地平加氯沙坦组（B组），分别予以氨氯地平5mg／d口服和氨氯地平5mg／d加氯沙坦50mg／d口服，观察治疗前、后尿微量蛋白、血钾、血尿素氮、血肌酐、血尿酸及血压的变化。结果治疗8周，两组血压均有明显下降，A组总有效率为53．33％，B组总有效率为83．33％。两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组治疗前、后的尿微量蛋白，肾功能的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论CCB（氨氯地平）和ARB（氯沙坦）联合应用可用于单纯收缩期高血压的治疗。     

Deficient attentional modulation of the startle response in patients with schizotypal personality disorder

OBJECTIVE: Attentional deficits have been identified as an abnormality that individuals with schizotypal personality disorder share with schizophrenia patients. The purpose of this study was to examine automatic sensorimotor gating and controlled attentional modulation of the startle eye blink response in unmedicated subjects with schizotypal personality disorder. METHOD: Eighteen unmedicated patients with schizotypal personality disorder and 16 healthy individuals were assessed in an acoustic attention-to-prepulse paradigm. The participants performed a selective attention task involving the presentation of attended, ignored, and novel tones that served as prepulse tones. Acoustic startle probes were presented at short and long lead intervals after the onset of tones and occasionally during the intertone interval. RESULTS: The comparison subjects showed greater prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation during the attended than the ignored prepulses, demonstrating early and later attentional modulation of startle eye blink response. In contrast, the subjects with schizotypal personality disorder failed to show this pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects with schizotypal personality disorder have deficits in controlled attentional processing, as indexed by modification of the startle eye blink response, that are similar to those observed in patients with schizophrenia.     

自拟舒胆汤治疗胆道术后综合征临床观察

为观察中西医结合治疗胆道术后综合征的疗效。随机设中西医结合治疗组（治疗组）38例和对照组37例,治疗组以自拟舒胆汤为基本方结合西药抗生素治疗,对照组则以单纯西药抗生素,观察治疗前后腹胀,腹痛,黄疸以及B超检查的变化。结果：治疗组对腹胀,腹痛,黄疸的疗效优于对照组（P＜0．01－0．05）,B超检查变化无显著差异（P＞0．05）,提示中西医结合治疗对胆道术后综合征的疗效优于单纯西药治疗。