全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9593篇 |
免费 | 725篇 |
国内免费 | 40篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 25篇 |
儿科学 | 253篇 |
妇产科学 | 215篇 |
基础医学 | 1670篇 |
口腔科学 | 88篇 |
临床医学 | 1045篇 |
内科学 | 2095篇 |
皮肤病学 | 219篇 |
神经病学 | 1098篇 |
特种医学 | 251篇 |
外科学 | 928篇 |
综合类 | 18篇 |
一般理论 | 3篇 |
预防医学 | 859篇 |
眼科学 | 114篇 |
药学 | 680篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 787篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 98篇 |
2022年 | 141篇 |
2021年 | 315篇 |
2020年 | 184篇 |
2019年 | 237篇 |
2018年 | 337篇 |
2017年 | 199篇 |
2016年 | 264篇 |
2015年 | 300篇 |
2014年 | 425篇 |
2013年 | 538篇 |
2012年 | 813篇 |
2011年 | 800篇 |
2010年 | 412篇 |
2009年 | 429篇 |
2008年 | 657篇 |
2007年 | 682篇 |
2006年 | 643篇 |
2005年 | 700篇 |
2004年 | 550篇 |
2003年 | 557篇 |
2002年 | 437篇 |
2001年 | 49篇 |
2000年 | 39篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 95篇 |
1997年 | 69篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Madsen Christina Merete Tvede Bisgaard Sara Kjær Primdahl Jette Christensen Jeanette Reffstrup von Bülow Cecilie 《Journal of occupational rehabilitation》2021,31(4):866-885
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation - Purpose To present an overview of the evidence of the effect of job loss prevention interventions, aiming to improve work ability and decrease absenteeism... 相似文献
62.
63.
Jinhui Ma Kerry Siminoski Peiyao Wang Jacob L Jaremko Khaldoun Koujok Mary Ann Matzinger Nazih Shenouda Brian Lentle Nathalie Alos Elizabeth A Cummings Josephine Ho Kristin Houghton Paivi M Miettunen Rosie Scuccimarri Frank Rauch Leanne M Ward the Canadian STOPP Consortium 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2021,36(7):1255-1268
Vertebral fractures are clinically important sequelae of a wide array of pediatric diseases. In this study, we examined the accuracy of case-finding strategies for detecting incident vertebral fractures (IVF) over 2 years in glucocorticoid-treated children (n = 343) with leukemia, rheumatic disorders, or nephrotic syndrome. Two clinical situations were addressed: the prevalent vertebral fracture (PVF) scenario (when baseline PVF status was known), which assessed the utility of PVF and low lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD; Z-score <−1.4), and the non-PVF scenario (when PVF status was unknown), which evaluated low LS BMD and back pain. LS BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vertebral fractures were quantified on spine radiographs using the modified Genant semiquantitative method, and back pain was assessed by patient report. Forty-four patients (12.8%) had IVF. In the PVF scenario, both low LS BMD and PVF were significant predictors of IVF. Using PVF to determine which patients should have radiographs, 11% would undergo radiography (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–15) with 46% of IVF (95% CI 30–61) detected. Sensitivity would be higher with a strategy of PVF or low LS BMD at baseline (73%; 95% CI 57–85) but would require radiographs in 37% of children (95% CI 32–42). In the non-PVF scenario, the strategy of low LS BMD and back pain produced the highest specificity of any non-PVF model at 87% (95% CI 83–91), the greatest overall accuracy at 82% (95% CI 78–86), and the lowest radiography rate at 17% (95% CI 14–22). Low LS BMD or back pain in the non-PVF scenario produced the highest sensitivity at 82% (95% CI 67–92), but required radiographs in 65% (95% CI 60–70). These results provide guidance for targeting spine radiography in children at risk for IVF. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR). 相似文献
64.
Nathalie Chavarot Gillian Divard Anne Scemla Lucile Amrouche Olivier Aubert Marianne Leruez-Ville Marc O. Timsit Claire Tinel Julien Zuber Christophe Legendre Dany Anglicheau Rebecca Sberro-Soussan 《American journal of transplantation》2021,21(7):2448-2458
Belatacept may increase cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease risk after conversion from CNI-based therapy. We analyzed CMV disease characteristics after belatacept conversion. Propensity score matching was used to compare CMV disease incidence in belatacept- and CNI-treated kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). CMV disease characteristics and risk factors under belatacept were analyzed. In total, 223 KTRs (median age [IQR] 59.2 years [45.4–68.5]) were converted to belatacept (median of 11.5 months [2.5–37.0] post-transplantation); 40/223 (17.9%) developed CMV disease. Independent risk factors included increased age (p = .0164), D+/R− CMV serostatus (p = .0220), and low eGFR at conversion (p = .0355). Among 181 belatacept-treated patients matched to 181 controls, 32/181 (17.7%) experienced CMV disease (vs. 5/181 controls [2.8%]). CMV disease cumulative incidences were 6.33 and 0.91/100 person-years (p-y) in belatacept and control groups, respectively. CMV disease risk was particularly high in elderly patients (converted >70 years) and those with eGFR <30 ml/min; cumulative incidences were 18.4 and 5.2/100 p-y, respectively. CMV diseases under belatacept were atypical, with late-onset disease (24/40 patients [60%]), high CMV seropositivity (27/40, 67%), increased severe and tissue-invasive disease rates (gastrointestinal involvement in 32/40 [80%]) and life-threatening diseases (4/40 [10%]). These findings should stimulate further research to secure the use of belatacept as a valuable rescue therapy in KTRs. 相似文献
65.
Mouillet Guillaume Falcoz Antoine Fritzsch Joëlle Almotlak Hamadi Jacoulet Pascale Pivot Xavier Villanueva Cristian Mansi Laura Kim Stefano Curtit Elsa Meneveau Nathalie Adotevi Olivier Jary Marine Eberst Guillaume Vienot Angelique Calcagno Fabien Pozet Astrid Djoumakh Oumelkheir Borg Christophe Westeel Virginie Anota Amélie Paget-Bailly Sophie 《Quality of life research》2021,30(11):3255-3266
Quality of Life Research - Routine Electronic Monitoring of Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) (REMOQOL) in clinical care with real-time feedback to physicians could help to enhance... 相似文献
66.
ACE inhibition reduces activity of the plasminogen/plasmin and MMP systems in the brain of spontaneous hypertensive stroke-prone rats 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Liebetrau M Burggraf D Wunderlich N Jäger G Linz W Hamann GF 《Neuroscience letters》2005,376(3):205-209
The spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHR-SP) is an experimental model of malignant hypertension which lead to secondary alterations of the extracellular matrix. Our aim was to determine ACE-inhibitor related changes of proteases involved in the reconstruction of the extracellular matrix in the brain. Twelve SHR-SP rats were randomized into two groups. Each group was treated with either an antihypertensive dose of ramipril or placebo for 6 months. Brain tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase (u-PA) were quantified by using casein-dependent plasminogen zymography, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, by MMP-zymography, and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1 and -2, by reverse zymography. The amounts of u-PA, t-PA, and MMPs were significantly reduced in animals treated with ACE inhibitor. Plasminogen zymography showed a 39% reduction of u-PA in the basal ganglia (p < 0.0001); t-PA expression was reduced by 26% in the cortex and by 33% in the basal ganglia (p < 0.0001). MMP-2 expression was reduced by 15% in the cortex (p < 0.05) and by 10% in the basal ganglia (p < 0.05); MMP-9 expression significantly decreased by 37% in the cortex and by 25% in the basal ganglia (p < 0.0001 each). No differences were observed in the amount of TIMP-1 or TIMP-2. These findings provide new insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying extracellular matrix proliferation and its modulation by ACE inhibitors. Therapeutic alterations that influence the proteolytic systems might prove important in the prevention of extracellular matrix accumulation and secondary microvascular vessel wall changes. 相似文献
67.
Clémence Jacquin Emilie Landais Céline Poirsier Alexandra Afenjar Ahmad Akhavi Nathalie Bednarek Caroline Bénech Adeline Bonnard Damien Bosquet Lydie Burglen Patrick Callier Sandra Chantot-Bastaraud Christine Coubes Charles Coutton Bruno Delobel Margaux Descharmes Jean-Michel Dupont Vincent Gatinois Nicolas Gruchy Sarah Guterman Abdelkader Heddar Lucas Herissant Delphine Heron Bertrand Isidor Pauline Jaeger Guillaume Jouret Boris Keren Paul Kuentz Cedric Le Caignec Jonathan Levy Nathalie Lopez Zoe Manssens Dominique Martin-Coignard Isabelle Marey Cyril Mignot Chantal Missirian Céline Pebrel-Richard Lucile Pinson Jacques Puechberty Sylvia Redon Damien Sanlaville Marta Spodenkiewicz Anne-Claude Tabet Alain Verloes Gaelle Vieville Catherine Yardin François Vialard Martine Doco-Fenzy 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2023,191(2):445-458
Chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome (1p36DS) is one of the most common terminal deletion syndromes (incidence between 1/5000 and 1/10,000 live births in the American population), due to a heterozygous deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 1. The 1p36DS is characterized by typical craniofacial features, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, cardiomyopathy/congenital heart defect, brain abnormalities, hearing loss, eyes/vision problem, and short stature. The aim of our study was to (1) evaluate the incidence of the 1p36DS in the French population compared to 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21; (2) review the postnatal phenotype related to microarray data, compared to previously publish prenatal data. Thanks to a collaboration with the ACLF (Association des Cytogénéticiens de Langue Française), we have collected data of 86 patients constituting, to the best of our knowledge, the second-largest cohort of 1p36DS patients in the literature. We estimated an average of at least 10 cases per year in France. 1p36DS seems to be much less frequent than 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and trisomy 21. Patients presented mainly dysmorphism, microcephaly, developmental delay/intellectual disability, hypotonia, epilepsy, brain malformations, behavioral disorders, cardiomyopathy, or cardiovascular malformations and, pre and/or postnatal growth retardation. Cardiac abnormalities, brain malformations, and epilepsy were more frequent in distal deletions, whereas microcephaly was more common in proximal deletions. Mapping and genotype–phenotype correlation allowed us to identify four critical regions responsible for intellectual disability. This study highlights some phenotypic variability, according to the deletion position, and helps to refine the phenotype of 1p36DS, allowing improved management and follow-up of patients. 相似文献
68.
Transdermal Delivery of Metoprolol by Electroporation 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Electroporation, i.e., the creation of transient pores in lipid membranes leading to increased permeability, could be used to promote transdermal drug delivery. We have evaluated metoprolol permeation through full thickness hairless rat skin in vitro following electroporation with an exponentially decaying pulse. Application of electric pulses increased metoprolol permeation as compared to diffusion through untreated skin. Raising the number of twin pulses (300 V, 3 ms; followed after 1 s by 100 V, 620 ms) from 1 to 20 increased drug transport. Single pulse (100 V, 620 ms) was as effective as twin pulse application (2200 V, 1100 V or 300 V, 3 ms; followed after 1 s by 100 V, 620 ms). In order to investigate the effect of pulse voltage on metoprolol permeation, 5 single pulses (each separated by 1 min) were applied at varying voltages from 24 to 450 V (pulse time 620 ms). A linear correlation between pulse voltage and cumulative metoprolol transported after 4 h suggested that voltage controls the quantity of drug delivered. Then, the effect of pulse time on metoprolol permeation was studied by varying pulse duration of 5 single 100 V pulses from 80 to 710 ms (each pulse also separated by 1 min). Cumulative metoprolol transported after 4 h increased linearly with the pulse time. Therefore, pulse time was also a control factor of the quantity of drug delivered but to a lesser extent than the voltage at least at 100 V. The mechanisms behind improved transdermal drug delivery by electroporation involved reversible increased skin permeability, electrophoretic movement of drug into the skin during pulse application, and drug release from the skin reservoir formed by electroporation. Thus, electroporation did occur as shown by the increased transdermal permeation, on indicator of structural skin changes and their reversibility. Electroporation has potential for enhancing transdermal drug delivery. 相似文献
69.
Gunnar Buyse Jonathon Silberstein Nathalie Goemans Paul Casaer 《European journal of pediatrics》1995,154(9):694-699
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by symmetrical congenital skeletal abnormalities and progressive heterotopic ossification of the connective tissues. At present, more than 300 years after the first report by Patin in 1648 in which he described the woman who turned to wood, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown and its therapy is limited to symptom-modifying trials. However, significant progress has been recently made and new data on the molecular organization and regulation of normal and disordered bone induction are likely to lead to a more specific therapy. FOP is believed to be a genetic disorder characterized by a disturbed expression of the endochondral osteogenesis programme, and the remarkable clues from the fly reported by Kaplan et al. [8] in 1990 suggest a gain-of-function mutation in the genetic regulation of bone morphogenetic proteins. 相似文献
70.
Tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} up-regulates Bcl-2 expression and decreases calcium-dependent apoptosis in human B cell lines 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Genestier Laurent; Bonnefoy-Berard Nathalie; Rouault Jean-Pierre; Flacher Monique; Revillard Jean-Pierre 《International immunology》1995,7(4):533-540
Group I and Epstein–Barr virus-negative Burkitt's lymphomacell lines and the B104 lymphoma cell line which expresses aphenotype of immature B cells undergo apoptosis after cross-linkingof their surface Ig receptors or after exposure to a calciumionophore. We show here that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- protectsthese B cell lines against Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Protectionwas associated with up-regulatlon of bcl-2 mRNA and proteinexpression. The increase of Bcl-2 expression induced by TNF-was inhibited by chelerythrine, a specific inhibitor of proteinkinase C (PKC), suggesting that Bcl-2 expression was dependenton PKC activation. Furthermore, we show that phorbol estersand cyclosporin A (CsA), which prevent Ca2+-dependent apoptosis,up-regulated Bcl-2 expression. The effect of CsA on Bcl-2 expressionis controlled by calcineurin since we have shown that FK506but not rapamycin had the same effect on Bcl-2 expression, whereasokadaic acid, an inhibitor of phosphatases 1, 2A and 2C, wasineffective. These data provide direct evidence that TNF- preventsCa2+-dependent apoptosis by a Bcl-2-dependent mechanism mediatedby PKC. 相似文献